IJBTT - Volume 9 - Issue 4 - 2019

IJBTT - Volume 6 - Issue 4 - 2016

Role of Udshwita In Facial Paralysis: A Review Article

	International Journal of Biotech Trends and Technology (IJBTT)
	© 2019 by IJBTT Journal
	Volume - 9 Issue - 4
	Year of Publication : 2019
	Authors : Ravneet Kaur Chahal
	DOI :  10.14445/22490183/IJBTT-V9I4P601

Citation

MLA Style:Ravneet Kaur Chahal "Role of Udshwita In Facial Paralysis: A Review Article" International Journal of Biotech Trends and Technology 9.4 (2019): 1-3.

APA Style:Ravneet Kaur Chahal (2019). Role of Udshwita In Facial Paralysis: A Review Article. International Journal of Biotech Trends and Technology, 9(4), 1-3.

Abstract

Ayurveda is the science which deals with miraculous effects of simple medications. Most of the medicines are available around us easily and buttermilk including butter called as Udshwita is very oftenly present in our routine life. It can become beneficial in severe diseases like facial paralysis if taken continuously. It is beneficial in different disorders along with other drugs. It is prepared by continous churning of Dadhi (curd). It cleanses Srotsas (channels) of body so clears pathway for Rasa (plasma) to nourish body . It is compared with Rasayana in Ayurveda because of its tendency to fight against diseases and oxidation of cells. If it is taken along with proper methodology, body cells regain strength and vitality. Most of our ancient sages wrote about the benefits of Udshwita. Here an important view is elaborated to fight against a very dangerous disease called as facial paralysis which halts everyone to do daily chores in busy life. Butter was said to be harmful for heart but now –a – days it is said to be beneficial for heart. It is known as nectar for body. Liver functions are also improved for proper detoxification of organs. Uric acid formation become normal. It helps to grow bones. In case of digestion problems it is advised to drink buttermilk. Without Bhaishajya Kalpana it is not possible to prepare different types of preparations. Accuracy in proportion of Dadhi and water is essential for positive results.

References

[1] http:// www.healthline.com.
[2] Prof. Ajay Kumar Sharma & Dr. Parshuram Singh Yadav, Kaya Chikitsa, 3rd Part, Ch. 1 ,Vata Vyadhi, Ed. 2011, Chaukhambha publisher, Varanasi, Pg. 37.
[3] Bhishagratan shri brahmshanker Mishr, Bhav Parkash Nighantu, Takra Varga, Purvardham, Ed. 11-2007, Choukhambha Sanskrit Bhavan, Pg. 772.
[4] Kaviraj Dr. Ambikaduttshastri, Sushurta Samhita, Sutra Sthanam, Takra Varga, Ch. 45, Ed. 2007, Choukhambha Sanskrit Sansthan, Varanasi, Sh. 92, Pg. 176.
[5] Rajendra Nirgude et al, Therapeutic & Nutritional Values of Takra (Buttermilk)- A Review Article- 2013.
[6] The Materia Medica/ Sanskrit Materia Medica . https://books.google.co.in, Pg.282.
[7] Kaviraj Dr. Ambikaduttshastri, Sushurta Samhita, Sutra Sthanam, Takra Varga, Ch. 45, Ed. 2007, Choukhambha Sanskrit Sansthan, Varanasi, Sh. 92, Pg. 176.
[8] healthline.com/nutrition/foods/butter by Atli Arnarson ,March 29, 2019. Butter 101: Nutrition Facts and Health Effects.

Keywords
Ayurveda, Dadhi, Srotas, Rasayana, Udshwita.

A Review on Applications of Microbial Lipases

	International Journal of Biotech Trends and Technology (IJBTT)
	© 2016 by IJBTT Journal
	Volume - 6 Issue - 4
	Year of Publication : 2016
	Authors : Arun Kumar Sharma, Vinay Sharma, Jyoti Saxena
	DOI :  10.14445/22490183/IJBTT-V19P601

Citation

Arun Kumar Sharma, Vinay Sharma, Jyoti Saxena "A Review on Applications of Microbial Lipases", International Journal of Biotech Trends and Technology (IJBTT), V6(4): 1-5 Oct - Dec 2016, Published by Seventh Sense Research Group.

Abstract

Lipases are aqueous soluble enzymes that stimulate the hydrolysis of insoluble substrates (long hydrocarbon chain fat/oil) into their components. Lipases are being extracted from several species of animals, plants, fungi, yeast and bacteria. Microbial lipases are a main category of biotechnologically important enzymes, because of their versatile properties (tolerance to extremes of pH, temperature, metal ions and organic solvents) and easiness of bulk production. Lipases of microbial origin are broadly varied in their enzymatic features and specificity to substrate, which make them especially important for applications in the industries. Amylases and proteases have dominated the world enzyme market but in last few years interest of industries has been shifted towards microbial lipases because of their versatile functions. Their applications in our daily life are rising gradually. Thus lipases are today the enzyme choice for biotechnologist, organic chemist, process engineers, pharmacists, microbiologist, biophysicists and biochemist.

References

[1] H. Treichel, D. de Oliveira, M. A. Mazutti, M. Di Luccio, and V. J. Oliveira, “A Review on Microbial Lipases Production,” Food Bioprocess Technol., vol. 3, pp. 182-196, 2010.
[2] B. Rai, A. Shrestha, S. Sharma, and J. Joshi, “Screening, Optimization and Process Scale up for Pilot Scale Production of Lipase by Aspergillus niger.” J. Biomed Biotechnol., vol. 2, pp. 54-59, 2014.
[3] S. Sharma, and S. S. Kanwar, “Organic solvent tolerant lipases and applications.” Sci World J., vol. 2014, pp. 1- 15, 2014.
[4] M. Veerapagu, A. S. Narayanan, K. Ponmurugan, and K. R. Jeya, “Screening, selection, identification, production and optimization of bacterial lipase from oil spilled soil.” Asian J Pharm Clin Res., vol. 6, pp. 62-67, 2013.
[5] R. Bussamara, A. M. Fuentefria, E. de Oliveira, L. Broetto, M. Simcikova, A. Valente, and M. H. Vainstein, “Isolation of a lipase-secreting yeast for enzyme production in a pilot-plant scale batch fermentation.” Bioresour Technol., vol. 101, pp. 268-275, 2010.
[6] A. K. Sharma, V. Sharma, and J. Saxena, “Isolation and Screening of extracellular lipase producing fungi from soil.” Am J Pharm Health Res., vol. 4, pp. 38-50, 2016.
[7] A. K. Sharma, V. Sharma, and J. Saxena, “Enhancement of extracellular lipase production by strain improvement of fungus Aspergillus niger LPF-5.” Int J Sci Res Environ Sci., vol. 4, pp. 0145-0152, 2016.
[8] N. Verma, S. Thakur, and A. K. Bhatt, “Microbial Lipases: Industrial Applications and Properties (A Review).” Int Res J Biol Sci., vol. 1, pp. 88-92, 2012.
[9] A. K. Sharma, V. Sharma, J. Saxena, R. Chandra, A. Alam, and A. Prakash, “Isolation and Screening of Amylolytic Bacteria from Soil.” Int J Sci Res Agric Sci., vol. 2, pp. 159-165, 2015.
[10] A. Ray, “Application of Lipase in Industry.” Asian J Pharm technol., vol. 2, pp. 33-37, 2012.
[11] Y. Shimada, T. Nagao, Y. Watanabe, Application of lipase to industrial scale purification of oil- and fatrelated compounds. In: C. T. Hou (Ed). Handbook of Industrial biocatalysis, Taylor & Francis, Boca Raton, FL, pp. 1-27, 2005.
[12] S. Divakar, B. Manohar, Use of lipase in the industrial production of esters. In: Polaina J, MacCabe AP. (Eds.), Industrial Enzymes. Wiley VCH, Verlag, pp. 283-300, 2007.
[13] C. Marlot, G. Langrand, C. Triantaphylides, and J. Baratti, “Ester synthesis in organic solvent catalyzed by lipases immobilized on hydrophilic supports.” Biotechnol Lett., vol. 7, pp. 642-647, 1985.
[14] V. M. Balcao, A. L. Paiva, and F. X. Malcata, “Bioreactors with immobilized lipases: state of the art.” Enzyme Microb Technol., vol. 18, pp. 392-416, 1996.
[15] D. Bajpai, and V. K. Tyagi, “Laundry detergents: An overview.” J Oleo Sci., vol. 56, pp. 327-340, 2007.
[16] R. Sharma, C. Yusuf, and U. C. Banerjee, “Production, purification, chracterization, and applications of lipases.” Biotechnol Adv., vol. 19, pp. 627-662, 2001.
[17] J. H. Jeon, J. T. Kim, Y. J. Kim, H. K. Kim, H. S. Lee, S. G. Kang, S. J. Kim, and J. H. Lee, “Cloning and characterization of a new cold-active lipase from a deepsea sediment metagenome.” Appl Microbiol Biotechnol., vol. 81, pp. 865-874, 2009.
[18] D. Undurraga, A. Markovits, and S. Erazo, “Cocoa butter equivalent through enzymic interesterification of palm oil mid fraction.” Process Biochem., vol. 36, pp. 933-939, 2001.
[19] K. Clausen, “Enzymatic oil-degumming by a novel microbial phospholipase.” Eur J Lipid Sci Technol., vol. 103, pp. 333-340, 2001.
[20] M. T. Reetz, “Lipases as practical biocatalysts.” Curr Opin Chem Biol., vol. 6, pp. 145-150, 2002.
[21] A. Rajendran, and V. Thangavelu, “Statistical experimental design for evaluation of medium components for lipase production by Rhizopus arrhizus MTCC 2233.” LWT – Food Sci Technol., vol. 42, pp. 985-992, 2009.
[22] S. W. Chang, J. F. Shaw, and C. J. Shieh, “Optimization of enzymatically prepared Hexyl butyrate by lipozyme IM-77: Enzymatic synthesis of Hexyl Butyrate.” Food Technol Biotechnol., vol. 41, pp. 237-243, 2003.
[23] M. H. Colman, and A. R. Macrae, UK Patent No. 1577933, 1980.
[24] D. Undurraga, A. Markovits, and S. Erazo, “Cocoa butter equivalent through enzymic interesterification of palm oil midfraction.” Process Biochem., vol. 36, pp. 933-939, 2001.
[25] D. Sharma, B. Sharma, and A. K. Shukla, “Biotechnological Approach of Microbial Lipase: A Review.” Biotechnol., vol. 10, pp. 23-40, 2011.
[26] A. Ducret, M. Trani, and R. Lortie, Lipase catalysed enantioselective esterification of ibuprofen in organic solvent under controlled water activity. Enzym Microb Technol., vol. 22, pp. 212-216, 1998.
[27] Y. C. Xie, H. Z. Liu, and J. Y. Chen, “Candida rugosa lipase catalyzed esterification of racemic ibuprofen and chemical hydrolysis of S-ester formed.” Biotechnol Lett., vol. 20, pp. 455-458, 1998.
[28] K. Latha, and S. Ramarethinam, “Studies on lipid acyl hydrolases during tea processing.” Ann Plant Physiol., vol. 13, pp. 73-78, 1999.
[29] A. Pandey, S. Benjamin, C. R. Soccol, P. Nigam, N. Krieger, and V. T. Soccol, “The realm of microbial lipases in biotechnology.” Appl Biochem Biotechnol., vol. 29, pp. 119-131, 1999.
[30] S. Higaki, T. Kitagawa, M. Kagoura, M. Morohashi, and T. Yamagishi, “Correlation between Propionibacterium acnes biotypes, lipase activity and rash degree in acne patients.” J Dermatol., vol. 27, pp. 519-522, 2000.
[31] J. W. F. A. Simons, H. Adams, R. C. Cox, N. Dekker, F. Gotz, A. J. Slotboom, and H. M. Verheij, “The lipase from Staphylococcus aureus: Expression in Escherichia coli, large-scale purification and comparison of substrate specificity to Staphylococcus hyicus lipase.” Eur J Biochem., vol. 242, pp. 760-769, 1996.
[32] R. Pezzilli, G. Talamini, and L. Gullo, “Behaviour of serum pancreatic enzymes in chronic pancreatitis.” Dig Liver Dis., vol. 32, pp. 233-237, 2000.
[33] E. Schuster, N. Dunn-Coleman, J. Frisvad, and P. Van Dijck, “On the safety of Aspergillus niger-A review.” Appl Microbiol Biotechnol., vol. 59, pp. 426-435, 2002.
[34] G. Pencreac?h, and J. C. Baratti, “Hydrolysis of pnitrophenyl palmitate in n-heptane by Pseudomonas cepacia lipase: a simple test for the determination of lipase activity in organic media.” Enzyme Microb Technol., vol. 18, pp. 417-422, 1996.
[35] J. O. Metzger, and U. Bornscheuer, “Lipids as renewable resources: Current state of chemical and biotechnological conversion and diversification.” Appl Microbiol Biotechnol., vol. 71, pp. 13-22, 2006.
[36] T. Maugard, B. Rejasse, and M. D. Legoy, “Synthesis of water-soluble retinol derivatives by enzymatic method.” Biotechnol Prog., vol. 18, pp. 424-428, 2002.
[37] H. F. de Castro, and W. A. Anderson, “Fine chemicals by biotransformation using lipases.” Quím. Nova, vol. 18, pp. 544-554, 1995.
[38] H. Matsumae, M. Furui, and T. Shibatani, “Lipasecatalyzed asymmetric hydrolysis of 3-phenylglycidic acid ester, the key intermediate in the synthesis of diltiazem hydrochloride.” J Ferment Bioeng., vol. 75, pp. 93-98, 1993.
[39] M. K. Bharti, D. Khokhar, A. K. Pandey, and A. K. Gaur, “Purification and Characterization of Lipase From Aspergillus japonicus: A Potent Enzyme for Biodiesel Production.” Natl Acad Sci Lett., vol. 36, pp. 151-156, 2013.
[40] A. I. El-Batal, A. A. Farrag, M. A. Elsayed, and A. M. El-Khawaga, “Biodiesel Production by Aspergillus niger Lipase Immobilized on Barium Ferrite Magnetic Nanoparticles.” Bioeng., vol. 3, pp. 1-15, 2016.

Keywords
Lipases, substrates, enzyme market, applications, fungi, proteases, oil, hydrolysis, amylases.

Effect Of Climate Change On Plants And Their Pollinators- A Review

	International Journal of Biotech Trends and Technology (IJBTT)
	© 2019 by IJBTT Journal
	Volume - 9 Issue - 3
	Year of Publication : 2019
	Authors : Shiwani Bhatnagar,Desha Meena,Sangeeta Singh
	DOI :  10.14445/22490183/IJBTT-V9I3P606

Citation

MLA Style:Shiwani Bhatnagar,Desha Meena,Sangeeta Singh "Effect Of Climate Change On Plants And Their Pollinators- A Review" International Journal of Biotech Trends and Technology 9.2 (2019):34-39.

APA Style:Shiwani Bhatnagar,Desha Meena,Sangeeta Singh (2019).Effect Of Climate Change On Plants And Their Pollinators- A Review. International Journal of Biotech Trends and Technology, 9(2),34-39.

Abstract

Changes in temperature, disturbances on rainfall pattern, time of growth, flowering and maturation of plants, or any other environmental variation over the entire season can have serious impact on plants associated biodiversity, which in turn may alter the abundance, diversity and foraging behavior of pollinators. For any successful pollination interactions, there is a need of occurrence of synchronous biological events such as insect emergence, their foraging behavior and date of onset of flowering. In this paper, efforts have been made to review the effects of climate change on the phenology of plants and activities of insect pollinators by compiling the available information from research papers, articles, reports and literature in chronological order.

References

[1] C. A. Kearns, D. W. Inouye, and N. M. Waser, “Endangered mutualisms: the conservation of plant-pollinator interactions”, Annu Rev Ecol Syst., vol. 29, pp. 83-112, 1998.
[2] R. Pudasaini, “Survey, monitoring and effect of pollination on rapeseed (Brassica campestris Var. toria) production in Chitwan, Nepal,” M. Sc. in Entomology Thesis TU, IAAS Rampur, Chitwan, Nepal, 2014.
[3] U. Partap, and T. Partap, Managed crop pollination, The missing dimension of mountain crop productivity, Discussion paper series No. MFS 97/1, ICIMOD, Kathmandu, Nepal, 1997,26 p.
[4] D. Losey, and M.Vaughan, “The Economic Value of Ecological Services Provided by Insects”, Bioscience, vol. 15(4), pp. 311-324, 2006.
[5] R.W. Sutherst, G. F. Maywald, and A. S. Bourne, “Including species interactions in risk assessments for global change”, Global Change Biol., vol. 13, pp. 1843-1859, 2007.
[6] W. H. Van der Putten, P. C. de Ruiter, T. M. Bezemer, A. Harvey, M. Wassen, and V. Wolters, “Trophic interactions in a changing world”, Basic Appl Ecol., vol. 5, pp. 487-494, 2004.
[7] C. Kremen, N. M. Williams, and R.W. Thorp, “Crop pollination from native bees at risk from agricultural intensification,” in Proc. National Academy of Science, U S A, 2002, p. 16812.
[8] L. Bjerknes, O. Totland, S. J. Hegland, and A. Nielsen, “Do alien plant invasions really affect pollination success in native plant species”, Biol Cons., vol.138, pp. 1-12, 2007.
[9] J. Memmott, and N. M. Waser, “Integration of alien plants into a native flower pollinator visitation web,” in Proc. R Soc (Biol), 2002,p. 2395.
[10] R. Aguilar, L. Ashworth, L. Galetto, and M.A. Aizen, “Plant reproductive susceptibility to habitat fragmentation: review and synthesis through a meta analysis”, Ecol Letters, vol. 9, pp. 968-980, 2006.
[11] K. Mustajarvi, P. Siikamaki, S. Rytkonen, and A. Lammi, “Consequences of plant population size and density for plant-pollinator interactions and plant performance”, J Ecol., vol. 89, pp. 80-87, 2001.
[12] Steffan-Dewenter, and T. Tscharntke, “Effects of habitat isolation on pollinator communities and seed set”, Oecologia, vol. 121, pp. 432-440, 1999.
[13] T. H. Ricketts, J. Regetz, I. Steffan-Dewenter, S. A. Cunningham, C. Kremen, A. Bogdanski, B. Gemmill-Herren, S. S. Greenleaf, A.M.Klein, M. M. Mayfield, L. A. Morandin, A. Ochieng, and B. F. Viana, “Landscape effects on crop pollination services: are there general patterns,” Ecol Letters, vol. 11, pp. 1121-1121, 2008.
[14] T. Tscharntke, A. M. Klein, A.Kruess, I. Steffan-Dewenter, and C. Thies, “Landscape perspectives on agricultural intensification and biodiversity - ecosystem service management”, Ecol Letters, vol. 8, pp. 857-874, 2005.
[15] O. Schweiger, J.C.Biesmeijer, R. Bommarco, T. Hickler, P. Hulme, S. Klotz, I. Kuhn, M. Moora, A. Nielsen, R. Ohlemuller, T. Petanidou, S. G. Potts, P. Pysek, J. C. Stout, M. Sykes, T. Tscheulin, M.Vila, G. R. Wather& C. Westphal, “Multiple stressors on biotic interactions: how climate change and alien species interact to affect pollination”, Biol Rev., vol. 85, pp. 777-795, 2010.
[16] S. J. Hegland, A. Nielsen, A. Lázaro, A. L. Bjerknes, and O. Totland, “How does climate warming affect plant-pollinator interactions?”, Ecol Letters, vol. 12, pp. 184-195, 2009.
[17] J. Memmott, P. G. Craze, N. M. Waser, and M.V. Price, “Global warming and the disruption of plant-pollinator interactions”, Ecol Letters, vol. 10, pp. 710-717, 2007.
[18] M. E. Visser, and C. Both, Shifts in phenology due to global climate change: the need for a yardstick. In: Proceedings: Society B: Biological Sciences, vol. 272, pp. 2561–2569, 2005.
[19] G. R. Walther, E. Post, P. Convey, A. Menzel, C. Parmesan, and T. J. C. Beebee, “Ecological responses to recent climate change”, Nature, vol. 416, pp. 389–395, 2002.
[20] IPCC, “Climate change 2007: synthesis report - contribution of Working Groups 1, 2 and 3 to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change,”in Change IPoC, Geneva, 2007.
[21] A. Deutsch, J. J. Tewksbury, R. B. Huey, K. S. Sheldon, G C. K. ha-lambor, and D.C. Haak, “Impacts of climate warming on terrestrial ectotherms across latitude,” in Proc. National Academy of Sciences, USA, 2008, p. 6668.
[22] C. Parmesan, “Ecological and evolutionary responses to recent climate change”, Annual Review Ecology Evolution Systematics, vol. 37, pp. 637–669, 2006.
[23] C. Parmesan, and G. Yohe, “A globally coherent finger print of climate change impacts across natural systems”, Nature, vol. 421, pp. 37–42, 2003.
[24] E.E. Cleland, I. Chuine, A. Menzel, H. A. Mooney, and M. D. Schwartz, “Shifting plant phenology in response to global change”, Ecology and Evolution, vol. 22(7), pp. 357-365, 2007.
[25] J. Miller-Rushing, and R. B. Primack, “Global warming and flowering times in Thoreaus concord: a community perspective”, Ecology, vol. 89, pp. 332–341, 2008.
[26] H. Fitter, and R. S. R. Fitter, “Rapid changes in flowering time in British plants”, Science, vol. 296, pp.1689–1691, 2002.
[27] Menzel, and P. Fabian, “Growing season extended in Europe”, Nature, vol. 397, p 659, 1997.
[28] Menzel, T. H. Sparks, N. Estrella, and D. B. Roy, “Altered geographic and temporal variability in phenology in response to climate change”, Global Ecology and Biogeography, vol.15, pp. 498–504, 2006.
[29] T. H. Sparks, E. P. Jeffree, and C. E. Jeffree, “An examination of the relationship between flowering times and temperature at the national scale using long-term phenological records from the UK”, Internal Journal of Biometeorology, vol. 44, pp. 82–87, 2000.
[30] D.W. Inouye, F. Saavedra, and W. Lee-Yang, “Environmental influences on the phenology and abundance of flowering by Androsaceseptentrionalis(Primulaceae)”, American Journal Botany, vol. 90, pp. 905–910, 2003.
[31] M.V. Price, and N. M. Waser, “Effects of experimental warming on plant reproductive phenology in a subalpine meadow, Ecology, vol. 79, pp.1261–1271, 1998.
[32] S.J. Lambert, and J.C. Fyfe, “Changes in winter cyclone frequencies and strengths simulated in enhanced greenhouse warming experiments: Results from the models participating in the IPCC diagnostic exercise,” Clim. Dyn., vol. 26, pp. 713–728, 2006.
[33] F-W. Badeck, A. Bondeau, K. Bottcher, D. Doktor, W. Lucht, J. Schaber, and S. Sitch, “Responses of spring phenology to climate change”, New Phytologist, vol.162, pp. 295 – 309, 2004.
[34] Anonymous, “Impact of Climate Change on the vegetation of Nainital and its surroundings,” NBRI Newsletter, vol. 36, pp. 25-31, 2009.
[35] B. A. Richardson, L. Chaney, N. L. Shaw, and S. M. Still, “Will phenotypic plasticity affecting flowering phenology keep pace with climate change”, Glob Chang Biol., vol.23, pp. 2499–2508, 2017.
[36] J. Laube, T. H. Sparks, N. Estrella, J. Hofler, D. P. Ankerst, and A. Menzel, “Chilling outweighs photoperiod in preventing precocious spring development”, Glob Chang Biol., vol. 20, pp. 170–182, 2014.
[37] C. Korner, and D. Basler, “Phenology under global warming”, Science, vol. 327, pp. 1461–1462, 2010.
[38] L.F. Galloway, and K.S. Burgess, “Artificial selection on flowering time: influence on reproductive phenology across natural light environments”, Journal of Ecology, vol.100, pp.852–861, 2012.
[39] L. F. Galloway, and K. S. Burgess, “Manipulation of flowering time: phenological integration and maternal effects”, Ecology, vol. 90, pp. 2139–2148, 2009.
[40] R. Stirnemann, A. Pletsers, H. Proctor, T. Cooney, A. Caffarra, J. O?Halloran, M. Jones, and A. Donnelly, “Climate change impacts on phenology: Implications for terrestrial ecosystems,” Presented at the Climate Change and Systematics conference at Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland, 2008.
[41] P. B. Reich, “Phenology of tropical forests: Patterns, causes, and consequences”, Canadian Journal of Botany, vol. 73, pp. 164–174, 1995.
[42] K. P. Singh, and C. P. Kushwah, “Emerging paradigms of tree phenology in dry tropics”, Current Science, vol. 89, pp. 964-975, 2005.
[43] K. P. Singh, and C. P. Kushwaha, “Diversity of Flowering and Fruiting Phenology of Trees in a Tropical Deciduous Forest in India,” Annals of Botany, vol. 97, pp. 265– 276, 2006.
[44] H.Van Dijk, and N. Hautekeete, “Long day plants and the response to global warming: rapid evolutionary change in day length sensitivity is possible in wild beet”, Journal of Evolutionary Biology, vol. 20, pp. 349–357, 2007.
[45] W. E. Bradshaw, and C. M. Holzapfel, “Genetic shift in photoperiodic response correlated with global warming,” in Proc. National Academy of Sciences, USA, 2001, p. 14509.
[46] T. H. Sparks, and A. Menzel, “Observed Changes In Seasons: An Overview”, InternationalJournal of climatology, vol. 22, pp. 1715–1725, 2002.
[47] P. S. Thakur, V. Dutt, and A. Thakur, “Impact of inter-annual climate variability on the phenology of eleven multipurpose tree species”, Current Science, vol. 94, pp. 1053-1058, 2008.
[48] M. Moriondo, and M. Bindi, “Impact of Climate Change on the phenology of typical mediterranean crops”, Italian Journal of Agrometeorology, vol. 30, pp. 5-12, 2007.
[49] E. A. Nord, and J. P. Lynch, “Plant phenology: a critical controller of soil resource acquisition”, Journal of Experimental Botany, vol. 60, pp. 1927-1937, 2009.
[50] R. K. Yadav, and A. S. Yadav, “Phenology of selected woody species in a tropical dry deciduous forest in Rajasthan, India”, Tropical Ecology, vol. 49, pp. 25-34, 2008.
[51] Z. Luo, O. J. Sun, Q. G. W. Xu, and J. Zheng, “Phenological responses of plants to climate change in an urban environment”, Ecological Research, vol. 22, pp. 507–514, 2007.
[52] C. P. Kushwaha, and K. P. Singh, “India needs phenological stations network”, Current Science, vol. 95, pp. 832-834, 2008.
[53] T. M. Long, “Campus Trees Phenology Project, The Maples at Oak Ridge,” Spring, vol. 9, pp. 1-7, 2009.
[54] Z. Luo, O. J. Sun, Q. G. W. Xu, and J. Zheng, “Phenological responses of plants to climate change in an urban environment” Ecological Research, vol. 22, pp. 507–514, 2007.
[55] M. K. Moza, and A. K. Bhatnagar, “Phenology and climate change”, Current Science, vol. 9, pp. 243-244, 2005.
[56] J. Ollerton, “Pollinator diversity: distribution, ecological function, and conservation”, Annu Rev EcolEvol Syst., vol. 48, pp. 353–376, 2017.
[57] B. R. Paudel, M. Shrestha, M. Burd, S. Adhikari, and Y. S. L.Q, Sun, “Coevolutionary elaboration of pollination-related traits in an alpine ginger (Roscoeapurpurea) and a tabanid fly in the Nepalese Himalayas”, New Phytol., vol. 211, pp. 1402–1411, 2016.
[58] B. R. Paudel, M. Shrestha, A. G. Dyer, X?F Zhu, A. Abdusalam, and L. Q-L, “Out of Africa: evidence of the obligate mutualism between long corolla tubed plant and long-tongued fly in the Himalayas”, EcolEvol., vol. 5, pp. 5240–5251, 2015.
[59] L. A. Burkle, J. C. Marlin, and T. M. Knight, “Plant-pollinator interactions over 120 Years: Loss of species, co-occurrence, and function,” Science, vol. 339, pp. 1611–1615, 2013.
[60] P. Willmer, Pollination and floral ecology, Princeton University Press, 2011
[61] M. J. M. Harrap, S. A. Rands, N. Hempel de Ibarra, and H. M. Whitney, The diversity of floral temperature patterns, and their use by pollinators, Dicke M, editor. Elife. eLife Sciences Publications, Ltd., 6: e31262, 2017.
[62] S. W. Nicolson, M. Nepi, and E. Pacini, “Nectaries and nectar,” Springer, 2007.
[63] M. Proctor, P. Yeo, and A. Lack, The natural history of pollination. Timber Press, Portland, Oregon: Harper Collins Publishers, 1996.
[64] K. Lunau, “The ecology and evolution of visual pollen signals”, Plant Syst Evol., Springer-Verlag, vol. 222, pp. 89–111, 2000.
[65] G. Dyer, H. M. Whitney, S. E. J. Arnold, B. J. Glover, and L. Chittka, “Behavioural ecology: Bees associate warmth with floral colour”,Nature, vol. 442, pp. 525, 2006.
[66] M. T. K. Arroyo, R. Primack, and J. Armesto, “Community studies in pollination ecology in the high temperate Andes of Central Chile. I. pollination mechanisms and altitudinal variation” Am J Bot., vol. 69, pp. 82–97, 1982.
[67] P. G. Kevan, “Sun-tracking solar furnaces in high arctic flowers: significance for pollination and insects”, Science, vol. 189, pp. 723–726, 1975.
[68] B. Heinrich, Mechanisms of insect thermoregulation, Wieser W, editor. Effects of Temperature on Ectothermic Organisms. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg, 1973.
[69] M. Kjohl, A. Nielsen, and N. C. Stenseth, Potential effects of climate change on crop pollination Food and Agriculture, Organization of the United Nations, (FAO:Rome:), ISBN 978-92-5-106878-6, 2011.
[70] Alexandra-Maria Klein, Bernard E. Vaissière, James H. Cane, IngolfSteffan-Dewenter, A. Saul Cunningham, and T.T. Claire Kremen. “Importance of pollinators in changing landscapes for world crops,” Proc R Soc B Biol Sci., vol. 274, pp. 303–313, 2007.
[71] N. Gallai, J-M Salles, J. Settele, and B. E. Vaissière, “Economic valuation of the vulnerability of world agriculture confronted with pollinator decline”, Ecol Econ., vol. 68, pp. 810–821, 2009.
[72] D.P. Abrol, “Foraging behaviour of Apis florae F., an important pollinator of Allium cepaL”, Journal of Apicultural Research, vol. 49(4), pp. 318–325, 2010.
[73] P. K. Sarangi, and S. Bara, “Influence of environmental factors on principal bee pollinators of Brassica campestris L”, Journal of Plant Protection and Environment, vol. 3(2), pp. 101–102, 2006.
[74] Y. Zhao, J. An, Z. Zhou, J. Dong, Y. Xing, and J. Qin, “Pollination behavior of Apis mellifera ligustica and Bombus hypocrita(Hymenoptera, Apidae) and the influencing factors in peach green house”, Acta EntomologicaSinica, 54(1): 89–96, 2011.
[75] H. Kovac, and A. Stabentheiner, “Thermoregulation of foraging honeybees on flowering plants: seasonal variability and influence of radiative heat gain”, Ecological Entomology, vol. 36(6), pp. 686–699, 2011.
[76] H. Esch, “Body temperature and flight performance of honey bees in a servo mechanically controlled wind tunnel”, Journal of Computational Physics, vol. 109, pp. 265–277, 1976.
[77] B. Heinrich, “Thermoregulation in endothermic insects”, Science, vol. 185(4153), pp. 747–756, 1974.
[78] J. Peat, B. Darvill, J. Ellis, and D. Goulson, “Effects of climate on intra- and interspecific size variation in bumble-bees”, Functional Ecology, vol. 19(1), pp. 145–151, 2005.
[79] B. Heinrich, The hot-blooded insects: strategies and mechanisms of thermo regulation, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 1993.
[80] H. Esch, “The effects of temperature on flight muscle Potentials in honeybees and cuculiinid Winter moths”, Journal of Experimental Biology, vol. 135, pp. 109–117, 1988.
[81] Corbet Sarah, M. Fussell, R. Ake, A. Fraser, C. Gunson, A. Savage, and K. Smith, “Temperature and the pollinating activity of social bees”, Ecological Entomology, vol. 18(1), pp.17 – 30, 1993.
[82] K. R Morgan, and B. Heinrich, “Temperature regulation in bee- and wasp-mimicking syrphid flies”, Journal of Experimental Biology, vol. 133, pp. 59–71, 1987.
[83] P. G. Willmer, and G. N. Stone, “Behavioral, ecological, and physiological determinants of the activity patterns of bees,” in Advances in the Study of Behavior, San Diego, CA, Elsevier Academic Press Inc, 2004.

Keywords
Adaptation, Biodiversity Conservation, Ecotype, Honey bee, Genetic diversity

Morphological and Chemical (Phenolic Compound) Study of Althaea cannabina L. (Malvaceae) in Syria

	International Journal of Biotech Trends and Technology (IJBTT)
	© 2016 by IJBTT Journal
	Volume - 6 Issue - 3
	Year of Publication : 2016
	Authors : S. Layka, A. Kara Ali, S. Skaif

Citation

S. Layka, A. Kara Ali, S. Skaif "Morphological and Chemical (Phenolic Compound) Study of Althaea cannabina L. (Malvaceae) in Syria", International Journal of Biotech Trends and Technology (IJBTT), V6(3): 23-28 Jul - Sep 2016, Published by Seventh Sense Research Group.

Abstract

Our current research is investigating a detailed study of the morphological characteristics of the roots, steams, leaves and flowers of Althaea cannabina L. , and also Phenolic acids in the roots , leaves and flowers of this species were investigated by means high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) .The Phenolic acids occurring in these fractions have been identified as Chlorogenic acid , Caffeine, Cumaric acid , Ferulic acid , Vanillin , 2-6 Dimethyl Phenol , Salicylic acid , P-cresol , tzimt- savve , Eugenol . This research have been shown the contents of phenolic acids was higher in the flowers than in the leaves and roots in this species.

References

1) C. Bayer, "Support for an expanded family concept of Malvaceae within a recircumscribed order Malvales: a combined analysis of DNA sequences", Bot J Linn Soc. 129(4):267–303.1999.
2) D.A. Baum, S. Dewitt Smith, A. Yen, W.S. Alverson, R. Nyffeler, B.A. Whitlock, and R.L. Oldham. "Phylogenetic relationships of Malvatheca (Bombacoideae and Malvoideae; Malvaceae sensulato) as inferred from plastid DNA sequences." Am J Bot, 91:1863–1871. 2004.
3) L. Boulos, "Flora of Egypt" Al Hadara publishing, Egypt. 2:97. 1999.
4) J. Hutchinson, "The Genera of Flowering plants ( Angiospermae) Dicotyledones. Oxford: Oxford University press. 1964.
5) E. Nasir, & S.I. Ali. "Flora of West Pakistan ." Karachi: Department of Botany, University of Karachi 1979.
6) A. A. Grieve, Modern Herbal, New York , Penguin. 1984.
7) T. Baytop, "TÜrkiye?deBitkilerileTedavi. I.U. Yayinlari" No:3255, Eczaciliki Fake . No .40,444 s (in Turkish). 1996.
8) A.,Ozturk S. Ozturk, and S. Kartal " The characteristics and uses of herbs added to herby cheeses in Van ." The Herb J Sys Bot 7(2):167- 181.2000.
9) E. Sezik , E. Yesilada, , M .Tabata, , G. Honda, , Y .Takaishi, , T. Fujita, , T .Tanaka, , Y. Takeda, "Traditional Medicine in Turkey VIII. Folk Medicine in East Anatolia:Erzurm, Erzincan, Agri, Kars, Igdir provinces," Economic Botany , 51(3): 195-211, 1997.
10) K.M. Herrmann, Crit. Rev . Food Sci. 28,315. 1989.
11) K.M. Herrmann , PLANT CELL , 7 , 907 . 1995.
12) J.B Harborne.,and B.L. Turner, Plant chemosystematics . Academic press, London, 1984. 13) G . Montanaro, B . Dichio, C .Xiloyannis, G. Celano . Plant Sci . 170 ,520 , 2006.
14) C. Brett and K. Waldron ."In physiology and Biochemistry of plant cell walls, C. Brett , k . Waldron . Chapman and Hall , London ,; pp 44-74. 1996.
15) L. Djurdjevic, A. Dinic, P. Pavlovic, M. Mitrovic, B. Karadzic, and V. Tesevic, . BiochemSystEcol . 32 , 533 , 2004.
16) P.J. Berger E.H. Sanders, P.D. Gardner, and N.C. Negus: Science 195, 575. 1977.
17) PH. DAVIS, and VH. HEYWOOD, "Principles of Angiosperm Taxonomy . Robert . E. Krieger publishing Company Huntington , New York . 558 PP. 1973.
18) AE. RADFORD, W.C. DIKSON, J.R. MASSY, C.R. BELL, "Vascular Plant Systematic" . Harper and Row , New York 891pp.1974.
19) JB. HARBORN "The Evolution of Flavonoid in plants . Swain , T . Comparative phytochmistry . In Acadimic press London . 271 – 295 . 1966.
20) J B. HARBORNE " Phytochemiclmeethods . Aguide to modern techniques of plant analysis" . London , New York, Chpman& Hall . 278 pp. 1973.
21) M.E. UZUNHISARCIKLI, & M .VURAL, "The taxonomic revision of Althaea ( Malvaceae ) in Turkey ". 36:603-636 . 2012.
22) J. Gudej, and M.L. Bieganowska, M.L. "Chromatographic investigations of phenolic acids and coumarins in some species of the genus Althaea ." Jounal of Liquid Chromatography , 13 : 20 , 4081 – 4092 .1990.

Keywords
Althaea cannabina L.,Malvaceae, morphology, phenolic compounds, HPLC.

	International Journal of Biotech Trends and Technology (IJBTT)
	© 2021 by IJBTT Journal
	Volume - 11 Issue - 4
	Year of Publication : 2021
	Authors : Pacôme Kouadio N’Go, Eric-Kevin Gbouhoury Bolou, Habib Omar Doumbia, Romaric Taki Yian, Antoine Némé Tako
	DOI :  10.14445/22490183/IJBTT-V11I4P602

Citation

MLA Style:Pacôme Kouadio N’Go, et al."Long-Lasting Cognitive-Affective Disorders Induced In Rats After Neonatal Exposure to LPS: The Neuroprotective Effects of Costus afer (Costaceae) Extract" International Journal of Biotech Trends and Technology 11.4 (2021): 7-14.

APA Style:Pacôme Kouadio N’Go, Eric-Kevin Gbouhoury Bolou, Habib Omar Doumbia, Romaric Taki Yian, Antoine Némé Tako(2021). Long-Lasting Cognitive-Affective Disorders Induced In Rats After Neonatal Exposure to LPS: The Neuroprotective Effects of Costus afer (Costaceae) Extract. International Journal of Biotech Trends and Technology, 11(4), 7-14.

Abstract

We aimed to assess the possible effects of hydroethanolic extract of Costus afer on long-lasting cognitive and affective disorders due to an early life neuroinflammation induction with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). At postnatal day 14(PND 14), neonate rats were exposed with single dose to LPS (250 µg/kg, i.p.), and 24 h later treated with either Costus afer extract (400 mg/kg, p.o.) or a reference drug melatonin (10 mg/kg, i.p) for two weeks. At PND 90, cognitive abilities as well as affective status were examined, followed by the biomarkers assay in the brain. As results, the Costus afer extract significantly prevented the neonatal exposure to LPS-induced recognition and working spatial memory deficits in adulthood. Furthermore, the extract of Costus afer attenuated anxiety- and depressive-like behaviors caused by the LPS. Otherwise, the treatment with Costus afer extract significantly inhibited the lipide membrane peroxidation through a reduction of malondialdehyde (MDA) level as well as the decrease of nitric oxide (NO) content, mainly in the hippocampus. Overall, the treatment with Costus afer extract seems to be a bit more efficient than that of the melatonin. Our findings suggest that Costus afer possesses some neuroprotective effects.
However, additional pharmacological approaches are needed before promising Costus afer as effective therapeutic

References

[1] Chen WW, Zhang X, Huang WJ. Role of neuroinflammation in neurodegenerative diseases. 8 Molecular medicine reports 13(4) (2016) 3391-3396.
[2] Qian L, Flood PM, Hong JS. Neuroinflammation is a Key Player in Parkinson’s Disease and a Prime Target for Therapy. Journal of Neural Transmission; 117 (2010) 971–979.
[3] Broussard GJ, Mytar J, Li RC, Klapstein GJ. The Role of Inflammatory Processes in Alzheimer’s Disease. Inflammopharmacology; 20 (2012) 109–126.
[4] Dantzer R, O’Connor JC, Freund G.G, Johnson RW, Kelley KW. From inflammation to sickness and depression: When the immune system subjugates the brain. Nat. Rev. Neurosci, 9 (2008) 46.
[5] Raison CL, Capuron L, Miller AH. Cytokines sing the blues: Inflammation and the pathogenesis of depression. Trends Immunol; 27 (2006) 24–31.
[6] Deng X, Li M, Ai W, He L, Lu D, Patrylo P R, Yan XX. Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Neuroinflammation Is Associated with Alzheimer-Like Amyloidogenic Axonal Pathology and Dendritic Degeneration in Rats. Advances in Alzheimer’s Disease; 03(02) (2014) 78–93.
[7] Lee J, Lee Y, Yuk D, Choi D, Ban S, Oh K, Hong J. Neuroinflammation induced by lipopolysaccharide causes cognitive impairment through enhancement of beta-amyloid generation. Journal of Neuroinflammation; 5(1) (2008) 37.
[8] Harrison NA, Doeller CF, Voon V, Burgess N, Critchley, HD. Peripheral inflammation 21 acutely impairs human spatial memory via actions on medial temporal lobe glucose metabolism. 22 Biological psychiatry; 76(7) (2014) 585-593.
[9] Rahimi VB, Askari VR, Shirazinia R, Soheili-Far S, Askari N, Rahmanian-Devin P, Sanei-Far Z, Mousavi SH, Ghodsi R. Protective effects of the hydro-ethanolic extract of Terminalia chebula on primary microglia cells and their polarization (M1/M2 balance). Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders; 25 (2018) 5- 13.
[10] Zhang B, Wang P-P, Hu K L, Li LN, Yu X, Lu Y, Chang HS. Antidepressant-Like Effect and Mechanism of Action of Honokiol on the Mouse Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) Depression Model. Molecules; 24(11) (2019)s 2035.
[11] Akiyama H, Barger S, Barnum S, Bradt B, Bauer J, Cole GM, Cooper NR, Eikelenboom P, Emmerling M, Fiebich BL, Finch CE, Frautschy S, Griffin WS, Hampel H, Hull M, Landreth G, Lue L, Mrak R, Mackenzie IR, McGeer PL, O'Banion MK, Pachter J, Pasinetti G, Plata-Salaman C, Rogers J, Rydel R, Shen Y, Streit W, Strohmeyer R, Tooyoma I, Van Muiswinkel FL, Veerhuis R, Walker D, Webster S, Wegrzyniak B, Wenk G, Wyss-Coray T. Inflammation and Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiol Aging; 21 (3) (2000) 383-421.
[12] Sugaya K, Chou S, Xu SJ, McKinney M. Indicators of Glial Activation and Brain Oxidative Stress after Intraventricular Infusion of Endotoxin. Molecular Brain Research; 58 (1998)–9
[13] Perry VH. The influence of systemic inflammation on inflammation in the brain: implications for chronic neurodegenerative disease. Brain Behav Immune; 18 (5) (2004) 407- 413.
[14] Walker A K, Nakamura T, Hodgson DM. Neonatal lipopolysaccharide exposure alters central cytokine responses to stress in adulthood in Wistar rats. Stress, 13(6) (2010) 506–515.
[15] Comim C M, Bussmann R M, Sim˜ao SR et al. Experimental neonatal sepsis causes long-term cognitive impairment. Molecular Neurobiology, 53(9) (2016) 5928–5934.
[16] Stentoft PM. Flowering plants in West Africa. Cambridge University Press: London. (1988) 130- 131.
[17] Boison D, Adinortey AC, Babanyinah G K, Quasie O, Agbeko R, Wiabo-Asabil G K, Adinortey M. B. Costus afer A Systematic Review of Evidence-Based Data in support of Its Medicinal Relevance. Scientifica; (2019) 1-10.
[18] Anyasor G N, Ogunwenmo O, Oyelana OA, Akpofunure B E, Phytochemical constituents and antioxidant activities of aqueous and methanol stem extracts of Costus afer Ker Gawl. (Costaceae), African Journal of Biotechnology, 9(31) (2010) 4880–4884.
[19] Anyasor GN, Onajobi F, Osilesi O, Adebawo O, Oboutor EM. Antiinflammatory and antioxidant activities of Costus afer Ker Gawl. Hexane leaf fraction in arthritic rat models, Journal of Ethnopharmacology; 155(1) (2014) 543–551.
[20] Berkiks I., Boulbaroud S., Garcia-Segura L. M., Mesfioui A., Ouichou A., Mouden S. & El hessni A., Thymelaea lythroides extract attenuates microglial activation and depressive-like behavior in LPS-induced inflammation in adult male rats. Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, 99 (2018) 655–663.
[21] Dawson GR, Tricklebank MD. Use of the elevated plus-maze in the search for novel anxiolytic agents. Trends Pharmacol; Sci; 16 (1995) 33.
[22] Porsolt RD, Bertin A, Jalfre MJAIP. Behavioral despair in mice: A primary screening test for antidepressants. Arch. Int. Pharmacology; Ther; 229 (1977) 327.
[23] Hughes RN.The value of spontaneous alternation behavior (SAB) as a test of retention in pharmacological investigations of memory Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev, 28 (2004) 497–505.
[24] Ennaceur A, Delacour J. A new one-trial test for neurobiological studies of memory in Rats. Behavioral data. Behav Brain Res; 31 (1988) 47–59.
[25] Touil-Boukoffa C, Bauvois B, Sancéau J, Hamrioui B, Wietzerbin J. Production of nitric oxide (NO) in human hydatidosis: relationship between nitrite production and interferon-gamma levels Biochimie; 80 (8-9) (1998) 739-744.
[26] Satoh K. Serum lipid peroxide in cerebrovascular disorders determined by a new colorimetric method. Clin Chim Acta; 90 (1978) 37–43.
[27] Okuyama S, Makihata N, Yoshimura M, Amakura Y, Yoshida T, Nakajima M, Furukawa Y Oenothein B suppresses lipopolysaccharide LPS-induced inflammation in the mouse brain. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 14 (2013) 9767-9778.
[28] Miller AH, Maletic V, Raison CL. Inflammation and Its Discontents: The Role of Cytokines in the Pathophysiology of Major Depression. Biol. Psychiatry; 65 (2009) 732–741.
[29] Connor JC, André C, Wang Y, Lawson MA, Szegedi SS, Lestage J, Castanon N, Kelley KW. Dantzer R. Interferon-γ and Tumor Necrosis Factor-α Mediate the Upregulation of Indoleamine 2,3- Dioxygenase and the Induction of Depressive-Like Behavior in Mice in Response to Bacillus Calmette-Guérin. J. Neurosci; 29 (2009) 4200.
[30] Beg AA, Finco TS, Nantermet PV, Baldwin AS. Tumor necrosis factor and interleukin-1 lead to phosphorylation and loss of I kappa B alpha: A mechanism for NF-kappa B activation. Mol. Cell. Biol; 13 (1993) 3301.
[31] Maes M, Leonard BE, Myint AM, Kubera M, Verkerk R. The new ‘5-HT’ hypothesis of depression: Cell-mediated immune activation induces indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase, which leads to lower plasma tryptophan and an increased synthesis of detrimental tryptophan catabolites (TRYCATs), both of which contribute to the onset of depression. Prog . Neuropsychopharmacol. Biol. Psychiatry; 35 (2011) 702–721.
[32] Wang KC, Fan LW, Kaizaki A, Pang Y, Cai Z, Tien LT. Neonatal lipopolysaccharide exposure induces long-lasting learning impairment, less anxiety-like response and hippocampal injury in adult rats. Neuroscience; 234 (2013) 146–157.
[33] Williamson LL, Sholar PW, Mistry RS, Smith SH, Bilbo SD. Microglia and memory: modulation by early-life infection. J. Neurosci; 31 (2011) 15511–15521.
[34] Valero J, Mastrella G, Neiva I, Sánchez S, Malva JO. Long-term effects of an acute and 1 systemic administration ofLPS on adult neurogenesis and spatia memory. Frontiers in neuroscience 2 8(83) (2014).
[35] Deng X, Li M, Ai W, He L, Lu D, Patrylo P R., Yan X.-X. Lipolysaccharide-Induced Neuroinflammation Is Associated with Alzheimer-Like Amyloidogenic Axonal Pathology and Dendritic Degeneration in Rats. Advances in Alzheimer’s Disease; 03(02) (2014) 78–93.
[36] Zhao J, Bi W, Xiao S, Lan X, Cheng X, Zhang J, Lu D, Wei W, Wang J, Li H, Fu Y, Zhu L. Neuroinflammation induced by lipopolysaccharide causes cognitive impairment in mice. Scientific Reports;9(1) (2019)
[37] Aquilano K, Baldelli S, Rotilio G, Ciriolo M.R. Role of nitric oxide synthases in Parkinson’s 8 disease: a review on the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity of polyphenols. Neurochemical 9 research; 33(12) (2008) 2416-2426.
[38] Shah S A, Khan M, Jo M-H, Jo M G, Amin F. U, Kim M O. Melatonin Stimulates the SIRT1/Nrf2 Signaling Pathway Counteracting Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-Induced Oxidative Stress to Rescue Postnatal Rat Brain. CNS Neuroscience & Therapeutics; 23(1) (2016) 33–44.
[39] Boccalandro HE, Gonzalez CV, Wunderlin DA, Silva MF. Melatonin levels, determined by LC-ESI-MS/MS, fluctuate during the day/night cycle in Vitis vinifera cv Malbec: evidence of its antioxidant role in fruits. J Pineal Res; 51 (2011) 226 – 232.
[40] Galano A, Tan DX, Reiter RJ. Melatonin as a natural ally against oxidative stress: a physicochemical examination. J Pineal Res; 51 (2011) 1 – 16.
[41] Wong CS, Jow GM, Kaizaki A, Fan LW, Tien LT. Melatonin ameliorates brain injury induced by systemic lipopolysaccharide in neonatal rats. Neuroscience; 267 (2014) 147 – 156.
[42] Zhao L, Chen YH, Wang H, et al. Reactive oxygen species partially contribute to lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced teratogenesis in mice. Toxicol Sci;103 (2008) 149 – 157.
[43] Xu DX, Chen YH, Zhao L, Wang H, Wei W. Reactive oxygen species are involved in lipopolysaccharide-induced intrauterine growth restriction and skeletal development retardation in mice. Am J Obstet Gynecol;195 (2006) 1707 – 1714.
[44] Baeuerle PA. Pro-inflammatory signaling: last pieces in the NF kappa B puzzle. Curr Biol; 8 (1998) 19 – 22.
[45] Spencer, JP. Flavonoids and brain health: multiple effects underpinned by common Mechanisms. Genes Nutr; 4 (2009) 243– 250

Keywords
Anti-oxidative stress; cognitive-affective disorders; Costus afer; neonatal neuroinflammation

Genetic Improvement, Propagation And Conservation Efforts For Tecomella Undulata, A Flagship Timber Species Of The Drylands- A Review

	International Journal of Biotech Trends and Technology (IJBTT)
	© 2019 by IJBTT Journal
	Volume - 9 Issue - 3
	Year of Publication : 2019
	Authors : Desha Meena , Tarun Kant ,Aastha Sharma
	DOI :  10.14445/22490183/IJBTT-V9I3P605

Citation

MLA Style:Desha Meena , Tarun Kant , Aastha Sharma "Genetic Improvement, Propagation And Conservation Efforts For Tecomella Undulata, A Flagship Timber Species Of The Drylands- A Review" International Journal of Biotech Trends and Technology 9.2 (2019):23-33.

APA Style:Desha Meena , Tarun Kant , Aastha Sharma (2019). Genetic Improvement, Propagation And Conservation Efforts For Tecomella Undulata, A Flagship Timber Species Of The Drylands- A Review. International Journal of Biotech Trends and Technology, 9(2),23-33.

Abstract

Tecomella undulata (Local name-Rohida) which belongs to the family Bignoniaceae is a socially acceptable and economically valuable tree species of the arid regions and native to the Indian subcontinent. It is a well-known multipurpose tree species that has been over exploited for timber and medicines from its natural habitat. As a result, most Rohida genetic resources has already been depleted in the wild habitat. Therefore, to conserve the species tree improvement programmes are underway in different organisations. Under tree Improvement research on Rohida, work has been majorly carried out on reproductive biology, selection of candidate plus trees, establishment of progeny trials, vegetative propagation, and diversity studies using molecular markers. The report consolidates the status of the work on tree improvement and propagation of this important tree species done so far.

References

[1] V. Mudgal, K.K. Khanna, and P.K. Hajra, Flora of Madhya Pradesh, Publication Botanical Survey of India, Vol. II, Kolkatta, 1997.
[2] H.L. Chakravarty, Cucurbitaceae, Jain SK (Ed.) Fascicles of Flora of India, Botanical Survey of India, Calcutta, 1982.
[3] V. Soni, M. Modak, and M. Nema, "Taxonomic Observations on Family Bignoniaceae of Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh," International Journal of Life science and Medicinal Research, vol. 2(4), pp. 108-111, 2012.
[4] R.P.S. Katwal, R.K. Srivastva, S. Kumar, and V. Jeeva, State of Forest Genetic Resources Conservation and Management in India, Forest Genetic Resources Working Papers, Working Paper FGR/65E, Forest Resources Development Service, Forest Resources Division, FAO, Rome, 2003.
[5] T.I. Khan, and S. Frost, "Floral biodiversity: a question of survival in the Indian Thar Desert," Environmentalist, vol. 21, pp. 231–236, 2001.
[6] R.P. Pandey, B.V. Shetty, and S.K. Malhotra, Jain SK, Rao RR (eds) An assessment of threatened plants of India, BSI, Howarh, 1983.
[7] B.V. Shetty, and V. Singh, Flora of Rajasthan—flora of India, series 2, Botanical Survey of India, Howarh, 1987.
[8] J.P.M. Tripathi, and S.N. Jaimini, "Floral and reproductive biology of Rohida (Tecomella undulata (Sm.) Seem.)," Indian Journal of Forestry, vol. 25, pp. 341–343, 2002.
[9] S.K. Jain, and R.R. Rao, "An assessment of threatened plants of India", BSI, 1983.
[10] S.S. Hussain, M. Ahmed, M.F. Siddiqui, and M. Wahab, "Threatened and endangered native plants of Karachi," International Journal of Biology and Biotechnology, vol. 7, pp. 259–266, 2010.
[11] A. Kumar, H. Ram, S.K. Sharma, and S.R. Rao, "Comparative meiotic chromosome studies in nine accessions of Tecomella undulata (Sm.) Seem., threatened tree of Indian desert" SilvaeGenetica, vol. 57, pp. 301–306, 2008.
[12] M.M. Bhandari, Flora of Indian desert, MPS reports, Jodhpur, India, 1990.
[13] R.S. Negi, M.K. Sharma, K.C. Sharma, S. Kshetrapal, S.L. Kothari, and P.C. Trivedi, "Genetic Diversity and Variations in the Endangered Tree (Tecomella undulata) in Rajasthan" Indian Journal of Fundamental and Applied Life Science, vol. 1, pp. 50-58, 2011.
[14] R.P. Singh, "On factors affecting clonal propagation of Anogeissusrotundifolia, Prosopis cineraria and Tecomella undulata, Ph.D. thesis, University of Jodhpur, India, 1992.
[15] V.S. Saxena, and P.C. Trivedi, (ed) Encyclopaedia botanica. Pointer, Jaipur, 2000.
[16] J.V. Savjiyani, H. Dave, S. Trivedi, M.A. Rachchh, and R.H. Gokani, "Evaluation of anti-cancer activity of polyherbal formulation," International Journal of Cancer Research, vol. 8, pp. 27–36, 2012.
[17] A. Khatri, A. Garg, and S.S. Agrawal, "Evaluation of hepatoprotective activity of aerial parts of Tephrosiapurpurea L. and stem bark of Tecomella undulata," Journal of Ethnopharmacology, vol. 122, pp. 1–5, 2009.
[18] F. Ahmad, R.A. Khan, and S. Rasheed, "Preliminary screening of methanolic extracts of Celastruspaniculatus and Tecomella undulata for analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities," Journal of Ethnopharmacology, vol. 2, pp. 193–198, 1994.
[19] J. Parekh, D. Jadeja, and S. Chanda, "Efficacy of aqueous and methanol extracts of some medicinal plants for potential antibacterial activity," Turkish Journal of Biology, vol. 29, pp. 203–210, 2005.
[20] (2017) The Jatland website [Online]. Available: https://www.jatland.com/home/Tecomella undulata
[21] G.S. Randhawa, and A. Mukhopadhyay, Floriculture in India, Allied, Mumbai, 1986.
[22] V.P. Tewari, "Comparing the model forms estimating generalized diameter–height relationships in Tecomellaundulata plantations in hot arid region of India," Journal of Forestry Research, vol. 18, pp. 255–260, 2007.
[23] K.R. Kritikar, and B.D. Basu, Indian medicinal plants, International Book Distributor, Dehradun, 1993.
[24] K.M. Nadkarni, Indian Materia Medica, vol 1, Popular Prakashan, Mumbai, 2000.
[25] T.I. Khan, A.K. Dular, and D.M. Solomon, "Biodiversity conservation in the Thar Desert with emphasis on endemic and medicinal plants," Environmentalist, vol. 23, pp. 137–144, 2003.
[26] A. Kar, B.K. Garg, M.P. Singh, and S. Kathju, Trends in arid zone research in India. Central Arid Zone Research Institute, Jodhpur, 2009.
[27] K.A. Shankarnarayan, and P.C. Nanda, "Cytotaxonomy of Tecomella undulata Seem," Annals of Arid Zone, vol.1, pp. 174–175, 1963.
[28] D. Meena, and A. Singh, "Oran of Rohida: an endangered tree species of Rajasthan," Current Science, vol. 103, pp. 1389, 2012.
[29] S.K. Jindal, K.R. Solanki, and N.L. Kackar, "Phenology and breeding systems of Rohida (Tecomella undulata (Sm.) Seem," Indian Journal of Forestry, vol. 8, pp. 317–320, 1985.
[30] P. Kumar, K.S. Bangarwa, and V. Johar, "Phenology behaviour and reproductive biology of Tecomella undulata,"Ecology, Environment and Conservation, vol. 23(3), pp. 413-417, 2017.
[31] D. Meena, A. Singh, and A, Sharma,"Studies on seeds germination and seedling growth of Tecomella undulata at nursery stage" International Journal of Agriculture and Environmental Research, vol. 2(3), pp. 314-321, 2016.
[32] V.K. Singh, C. Barman, and R. Tandon, "Nectar robbing positively influences the reproductive success of Tecomella undulata (Bignoniaceae)," Public Library of Science One, vol. 9(7), pp. 1-10, 2014.
[33] V. Kesari, A. Krishnamachari, and L. Rangan, "Effect of auxins on adventitious rooting from stem cuttings of candidate plus tree Pongamiapinnata(L.), a potential biodiesel plant," Trees, vol. 23, pp. 597-604, 2009.
[34] R.N. Kaul, B.N. Ganguli, and B.K. Chitnis,"Rohida—the tree that defies desert," Indian Farming, vol.12, p. 19, 1962.
[35] J.N. Sen Gupta, Indian Forest Record, 2(5), (N-S, Silviculture), Manager of Publication Delhi, 1937.
[36] A.K. Chakravarty, and G. Chand, "Phenotypic variation in desert teak Tecomella undulata," Annals of Arid Zone, vol. 14, pp. 21–24, 1975.
[37] R.K. Luna, Plantation Trees, International Book Distributor, Dehradun, 1996.
[38] G.D. Harsh, and N. Sankhla, "Bio-regulators and germination of Tecomella undulataSem,"Current Science, vol. 42(9), pp. 330, 1973.
[39] R. Rai, and T. Chowdhary, "Early results from a provenance trial of Tecomella undulata,"Van Vigyan, vol. 33, pp. 104–108, 1995.
[40] W.C. Lantz, Genetic Improvement of Forest Trees, Woody Plant Seed Manual USDA FS Agriculture Handbook, 727, 2008.
[41] S.K. Jindal, M. Singh, K.R. Solanki, and N.L. Kackar, "Changes in genetic parameters and ranks of tree height over six growth years in Tecomella undulata (Sm.) Seem," SilvaeGenetica, vol. 41, pp. 213–216, 1992.
[42] Anon, The Wealth of India, Publications and Information Directorate, CSIR, New Delhi, X,1982.
[43] Y.P.S. Bajaj, Biotechnology of Tree Improvement for Rapid Propagation and Biomass Energy Production, Bajaj Y.P.S. (eds) Trees I. Biotechnology in Agriculture and Forestry, Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 1986, vol 1.
[44] B.E. Haissig, N.D. Nelson, and G.H. Kidd, "Trends in the use of tissue culture in forest improvement," Nature Biotechnology, vol. 5, pp. 52–57, 1987.
[45] S.C. Gupta, and V. Agrawal, Micropropagation of woody taxa and plant productivity, Prasad BN, Ghimire GPS, Agrawal VP (eds) Role of biotechnology in agriculture, Oxford, New Delhi, 1992.
[46] M. Anis, "In vitro plantlet regeneration of Pterocarpus marsupiumRoxb., an endangered leguminous tree," Current Science, vol. 88(6), pp. 861-863, 2005.
[47] H. Hussain, K. Krohn, V.U. Ahmad, G.A. Miana, and I.R. Green, "Lapachol: an overview," Arkivoc, vol. 2, pp. 145–171, 2007.
[48] A. Karami, and H. Salehi, "Adventitious root formation in Rohida (Tecomella undulata (sm.) seem) cuttings," Property Ornam Plants, vol.10, pp. 163-165, 2010.
[49] H.S. Tyagi, G.R.Chaudhary, and U.K. Tomar, "Clonal Propagation of an Economically Important Woody Tree of the Arid Zone- Tecomella undulata (sm.) Seem", in Proceedings of 1st Indian Forest Congress, 2011, pp. 356-362.
[50] T.A. Thorpe, I.S. Harry, and P.P. Kumar, Application of micropropagation to forestry, Debergh, P.C. &Zimerman, R.H. (eds) Micropropagation, Springer, Netherland, 1991.
[51] T.S. Rathore, R.P. Singh, and N.S. Shekhawat, "Clonal propagation of desert tree (Tecomella undulata) through tissue culture," Plant Science, vol. 79, pp. 217–222, 1991.
[52] H.C. Arya, and N.S. Shekhawat, "Clonal multiplication of tree species in the Thar desert through tissue culture," Forest Ecology and Management, vol. 16, pp. 201-208, 1986.
[53] R.R. Bhansali, "Bud culture for shoot multiplication and plantlet formation of Tecomella undulata (Rohida) a wood tree of Tecomella undulata arid zone," Tropical Science, vol. 3, pp. 1–8, 1993.
[54] D. Nandwani, R. Sharma, and K.G. Ramawat, "High frequency regeneration in callus cultures of a tree: Tecomella undulata,"Gartenbauwissenschaft, vol. 61(3), pp. 147-150, 1996.
[55] S. Kumari, and N. Singh, "Multiplication of desert teak Tecomella undulata under in vitro conditions," Journal of Tropical Medicinal Plants, vol. 13, pp. 137–143, 2012.
[56] S. Chhajer, and R.K. Kalia, "Evaluation of genetic homogeneity of in vitro-raised plants of Tecomella undulata (Sm.) Seem. using molecular markers," Tree Genetics & Genomes, vol.12, pp.100, 2016.
[57] R. Robinson, B. Kumari, and V.S. Beniwal, "In vitro shoot multiplication of Tecomella undulata (SM.) Seem. —an endangered tree species," Indian Journal of Plant Physiology, vol. 10, pp. 372–376, 2005.
[58] D. Nandwani, N. Mathur, and K.G. Ramawat, "In vitro shoot multiplication from cotyledonary node explants of Tecomella undulata," Gartenbauwissenschaft, vol. 60, pp. 65–68, 1995.
[59] M. Aslam, R. Singh, P.S. Negi, D.S. Bhakuni, and S.C. Das, Enhanced in-vitro regeneration from cotyledonary node explants of Tecomella undulata (Smith) Seem. Proceedings of National Academy of Sciences India, Section B, 76, 3, 2006.
[60] R. Singh, M. Rathore, G.P. Mishra, M. Kumar, R. Singh, and Z. Ahmed, "Adventitious shoot regeneration and Agrobacterium tumefaciens mediated transformation in Rohida (Tecomella undulata),"Indian Forester, vol. 135, pp. 751–764, 2009.
[61] A. Varshney, and M. Anis, "Improvement of shoot morphogenesis in vitro and assessment of changes of the activity of antioxidant enzymes during acclimation of micro propagated plants of Desert Teak," Acta Physiologiae Plantarum, vol. 34, pp. 859–867, 2012.
[62] H.S. Tyagi, and U.K. Tomar, "Factors Affecting in vitro Shoot Proliferation and Rooting of Mature Tecomella undulata(Sm.) Seem Tree," Research in Plant Sciences, vol. 1(2), pp. 38-45, 2013.
[63] M.B. Patel, and R.S. Patel, "Impact of plant growth regulators (PGRs) on callus induction from internodal segments of Tecomella undulata (Sm.) Seem. —a multipurpose medicinal plant," International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, vol. 3, pp. 1–3, 2013.
[64] D. Chauhan, and T.S. Rathore, "Effect of organic and inorganic nitrogen source on shoot regeneration and hyperhydricity in Tecomella undulata (sm.) seem during micropropagation," Research Journal of Life Sciences, Bioinformatics, Pharmaceutical and Chemical Sciences, vol. 2(6), pp. 58-70, 2017.
[65] M.B. Patel, and R.S. Patel, "Effect of plant growth regulators (PGRs) on callus induction from leaf segments explant of Tecomella undulata (Sm.) Seem. —a multipurpose medicinal plant," International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, vol. 3(12), pp. 1–3, 2013.
[66] M. Aslam, R. Singh, S. Anandhan, V. Pande, and Z. Ahmed, "Development of a transformation protocol for Tecomella undulata (Smith) Seem from cotyledonary node explants," Scientia Horticulturae, vol. 121(1), pp. 119-121,2009.
[67] M. Aghdaei, H. Salehi, and M.K. Sarmast, "Effects of silver nanoparticles on Tecomella undulata (Roxb.) Seem. micropropagation," Advances in Horticulture Sciences, vol. 26, pp. 21–24, 2012.
[68] S.K. Chaudhuri, S. Chandela, and L. Malodia, "Plant Mediated Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using Tecomella undulata Leaf Extract and Their Characterization," Nano Biomedicine and Engineering, vol. 8, issue 1, pp. 1-8, 2016.
[69] G. Namkoong, T. Boyle, H.R. Gregorius, H.Y. Joly, O. Savolainen, R. Ratnam and A. Young, "Testing criteria and indicators for assessing the sustainability of forest management: genetic criteria and indicators," CIFOR Bogor Indonesia, pp. 12, 1996.
[70] T.J. Boyle, Conserving forest genetic resources: from theory to practice, Forest Genetic Resources-Status, Threats and Conservation Strategies, Uma Shaanker, R., Ganeshaiah, K.N. and Kamaljit, S. Bawa, (eds.) Oxford and IBH Publishing Co., New Delhi, 2001.
[71] R. Rao, and J. Koskela, Action plans and research needs to conserve forest genetic resources in Asia, Forest Genetic Resources - Status, Threats and Conservation Strategies (Uma Shaanker, R., Ganeshaiah, K. N. and Kamaljit S. Bawa, Eds.), Oxford and IBH Publishing Co., New Delhi, 2001.
[72] W.J. Libby, and W.B. Critchfield, "Patterns of genetic architecture," Annals of Forestry, vol. 13, pp. 77-92, 1988.
[73] B.S. Bhau, M.S. Negi, S.K. Jindal, M. Singh, and M. Laxmikumaran, "Assessing genetic diversity of Tecomella undulata (Sm.) - An endangered tree species using Amplified fragment length polymorphisms- based molecular markers," Current Science, vol. 93, pp. 67-72, 2007.
[74] S. Chhajer, A.K. Juktani, R.K. Bhatt, and R.K. Kalia, "Start codon targeted (SCoT) polymorphism-based genetic relationships and diversity among populations of Tecomella undulata (Sm.) Seem—an endangered timber tree of hot arid regions," Tree Genetics & Genomes, vol. 13(4), pp. 1, 2017.
[75] S. Chhajer, A.K. Juktani, R.K. Bhatt, and R.K. Kalia, "Genetic Diversity studies in endangered desert teak [(Sm) Seem] using arbitrary (RAPD), semi – arbitrary (ISSR) and sequence based (nuclear rDNA) markers," Springer, Trees, vol. 32(4), pp. 1083–1101,2018.

Keywords
Conservation, Molecular markers, Phenology, Progeny trials, Propagation

Instruction for online payment portal:

1. Click the below button for online payment.
2. Click the checkbox () then click the "PROCEED"
3. Select the Payment category "REGISTRATION FEE" and fill the necessary details correctly and then click "SUBMIT" ( Note: In the address column just Street Name enough. Avoid special characters, symbols, comma, etc. while filling the form )
4. Check all the entered details are correct and click "CONFIRM" to proceed .
5. Select SBI ( Credit card, Netbanking ) or any other bank ( Credit card, Netbanking ).
6. Enter the card details correctly then click "PAY"
7. E- receipt will generate automatically click "PRINT" to take printout

IJBTT - Volume 11 - Issue 4 - October to December 2021

Commercial Applications of Plant Pigments

	International Journal of Biotech Trends and Technology (IJBTT)
	© 2019 by IJBTT Journal
	Volume - 9 Issue - 3
	Year of Publication : 2019
	Authors : Uzma Qaisar, Maira Afzal, Asima Tayyeb
	DOI :  10.14445/22490183/IJBTT-V9I3P604

Citation

MLA Style:Uzma Qaisar, Maira Afzal, Asima Tayyeb  "Commercial Applications of Plant Pigments" International Journal of Biotech Trends and Technology 9.2 (2019):18-22.

APA Style:Uzma Qaisar, Maira Afzal, Asima Tayyeb (2019). Commercial Applications of Plant Pigments. International Journal of Biotech Trends and Technology, 9(2),18-22.

Abstract

Naturally occurring pigments in plants are responsible for giving eye capturing colors to them. The major groups of plant pigments like chlorophylls, carotenoids, betalains and flavonoids not only impart colors which attract pollinators but also have beneficial health effects when consumed in diet. Plant pigments have been used as impeccable natural source of color. A remarkable work has been done to understand the chemical and technological aspects of natural plant pigments, mainly anthocyanins, betalains, chlorophylls, and carotenoids. These plant pigments are related to a broad spectrum of health-promoting benefits. These natural compounds are also used as indispensable components in many pharmaceutical, medicinal and cosmetic product manufacturing industries. The wide range of biological usage of these pigmentsdemand further confirmation by performing cell culture, animal model research supported by human studies.

References

[1] Hari, R.K., T.R. Patel, and A.M. Martin, An overview of pigment production in biological systems: functions, biosynthesis, and applications in food industry. Food Reviews International, 1994. 10(1): p. 49-70.
[2] Jomova, K. and M. Valko, Health protective effects of carotenoids and their interactions with other biological antioxidants. European journal of medicinal chemistry, 2013. 70: p. 102-110.
[3] Kaulmann, A. and T. Bohn, Carotenoids, inflammation, and oxidative stress—implications of cellular signaling pathways and relation to chronic disease prevention. Nutrition research, 2014. 34(11): p. 907-929.
[4] Tapiero, H., D. Townsend, and K. Tew, The role of carotenoids in the prevention of human pathologies. Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, 2004. 58(2): p. 100-110.
[5] Rutz, J.K., et al., Elaboration of microparticles of carotenoids from natural and synthetic sources for applications in food. Food chemistry, 2016. 202: p. 324-333.
[6] Nishiumi, S., et al., Dietary flavonoids as cancer-preventive and therapeutic biofactors. Front Biosci, 2011. 3(3): p. 1332-1362.
[7] Yousuf, B., et al., Health benefits of anthocyanins and their encapsulation for potential use in food systems: a review. Critical reviews in food science and nutrition, 2016. 56(13): p. 2223-2230.
[8] ZHANG, S.-l., et al., Quantification and analysis of anthocyanin and flavonoids compositions, and antioxidant activities in onions with three different colors. Journal of integrative agriculture, 2016. 15(9): p. 2175-2181.
[9] Oplatowska-Stachowiak, M. and C.T. Elliott, Food colors: Existing and emerging food safety concerns. Critical reviews in food science and nutrition, 2017. 57(3): p. 524-548.
[10] Khan, M.I. and P. Giridhar, Plant betalains: Chemistry and biochemistry. Phytochemistry, 2015. 117: p. 267-295.
[11] Gandi?a-Herrero, F., J. Escribano, and F. Garci?a-Carmona, Purification and antiradical properties of the structural unit of betalains. Journal of Natural Products, 2012. 75(6): p. 1030-1036.
[12] van Bezouwen, L.S., et al., Subunit and chlorophyll organization of the plant photosystem II supercomplex. Nature plants, 2017. 3(7): p. 17080.
[13] Rao, A.V. and L.G. Rao, Carotenoids and human health. Pharmacological research, 2007. 55(3): p. 207-216.
[14] Milani, A., et al., Carotenoids: biochemistry, pharmacology and treatment. British journal of pharmacology, 2017. 174(11): p. 1290-1324.
[15] Wootton-Beard, P.C. and L. Ryan, Improving public health?: The role of antioxidant-rich fruit and vegetable beverages. Food Research International, 2011. 44(10): p. 3135-3148.
[16] Kun, Y., U. Ssonko Lule, and D. Xiao-Lin, Lycopene: Its properties and relationship to human health. Food Reviews International, 2006. 22(4): p. 309-333.
[17] Schünemann, H.J., et al., Lung function in relation to intake of carotenoids and other antioxidant vitamins in a population-based study. American journal of epidemiology, 2002. 155(5): p. 463-471.
[18] Shim, S.H., et al., Ginkgo biloba extract and bilberry anthocyanins improve visual function in patients with normal tension glaucoma. Journal of medicinal food, 2012. 15(9): p. 818-823.
[19] Lee, Y.K., et al., (?)-Epigallocatechin-3-gallate prevents lipopolysaccharide-induced elevation of beta-amyloid generation and memory deficiency. Brain research, 2009. 1250: p. 164-174.
[20] Wu, T., et al., Honeysuckle anthocyanin supplementation prevents diet-induced obesity in C57BL/6 mice. Food & function, 2013. 4(11): p. 1654-1661.
[21] Pojer, E., et al., The case for anthocyanin consumption to promote human health: a review. Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety, 2013. 12(5): p. 483-508.
[22] Rahimi, P., et al., Betalains, the nature-inspired pigments, in health and diseases. Critical reviews in food science and nutrition, 2018: p. 1-30.
[23] Carocho, M., P. Morales, and I.C. Ferreira, Natural food additives: Quo vadis? Trends in Food Science & Technology, 2015. 45(2): p. 284-295.
[24] Galaffu, N., K. Bortlik, and M. Michel, An industry perspective on natural food colour stability, in Colour additives for foods and beverages. 2015, Elsevier. p. 91-130.
[25] Janiszewska, E., Microencapsulated beetroot juice as a potential source of betalain. Powder Technology, 2014. 264: p. 190-196.
[26] Azeredo, H.M., Betalains: properties, sources, applications, and stability–a review. International journal of food science & technology, 2009. 44(12): p. 2365-2376.
[27] Solymosi, K., et al., Food colour additives of natural origin, in Colour additives for foods and beverages. 2015, Elsevier. p. 3-34.
[28] Damodaran, S. and K.L. Parkin, Fennema’s food chemistry. 2017: CRC press.
[29] Rodriguez-Amaya, D.B., Food carotenoids: Chemistry, biology and technology. 2015: John Wiley & Sons.
[30] Rodriguez-Amaya, D.B., Natural food pigments and colorants. Bioactive Molecules in Food, 2019: p. 867-901.
[31] Ryan, A.A. and M.O. Senge, How green is green chemistry? Chlorophylls as a bioresource from biorefineries and their commercial potential in medicine and photovoltaics. Photochemical & Photobiological Sciences, 2015. 14(4): p. 638-660.
[32] Wrolstad, R.E. and C.A. Culver, Alternatives to those artificial FD&C food colorants. Annual review of food science and technology, 2012. 3: p. 59-77.
[33] Boo, H.-O., et al., Antimicrobial effects and antioxidative activities of the cosmetic composition having natural plant pigments. Korean Journal of Plant Resources, 2012. 25(1): p. 80-88.
[34] Leung, A.Y., Encyclopedia of common natural ingredients used in food, drugs, and cosmetics. 1980: Wiley.
[35] Xu, H.X. and S.F. Lee, The antibacterial principle of Caesalpina sappan. Phytotherapy Research: An International Journal Devoted to Pharmacological and Toxicological Evaluation of Natural Product Derivatives, 2004. 18(8): p. 647-651.
[36] Suganya, K., et al., Natural pigments in cosmetics-past to present. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Business, 2016. 4: p. 07-14.
[37] Bhandari, K. Natural compounds and its medicinal activity. in BOOK OF ABSTRACTS. 2011.
[38] Murakami, Y., Hair dye compositions for dressing the hair. 2003, Google Patents.
[39] Despy, J., et al., Old inks: pigments extracted from plants. 2014.
[40] Kumara, N., et al., Recent progress and utilization of natural pigments in dye sensitized solar cells: A review. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2017. 78: p. 301-317.

Keywords
anthocyanins, betalains, carotenoids, plant pigments

IJBTT - Volume 6 - Issue 3 - 2016

IJBTT - Volume 12 - Issue 1 - January to April 2022

Metagenomics of Bio Slurry Obtained From A Biogas Plant Using Next-Generation Dna Sequencing

	International Journal of Biotech Trends and Technology (IJBTT)
	© 2019 by IJBTT Journal
	Volume - 9 Issue - 3
	Year of Publication : 2019
	Authors : Akubuenyi F.C, Odokuma, L.O., Nwaokorie, F.O.
	DOI :  10.14445/22490183/IJBTT-V9I3P603

Citation

MLA Style:Akubuenyi F.C, Odokuma, L.O., Nwaokorie, F.O. "Metagenomics of Bio Slurry Obtained From A Biogas Plant Using Next-Generation Dna Sequencing" International Journal of Biotech Trends and Technology 9.2 (2019): 12-17.

APA Style:Akubuenyi F.C, Odokuma, L.O., Nwaokorie, F.O.(2019). Metagenomics of Bio Slurry Obtained From A Biogas Plant Using Next-Generation Dna Sequencing. International Journal of Biotech Trends and Technology, 9(2), 12-17.

Abstract

Metagenomics of bioslurry obtained from biogas plant was carried out Next-Generation DNA sequencing. The DNA of the associated bacterial organisms was extracted using a ZYMO Research DNA extraction kit (Quick-gDNATMMiniPrep). They were sequenced by Next Generation Sequencing Technique to determine the nucleotide sequence of all microorganisms present in the sample using automated PCR cycle- Genome Sequencer™ FLX System from 454 Life Sciences™ and Roche Applied.Sequence analysis and alignment was performed using Vecton NTI suite 9 (InforMax, Inc.). The partial 16S rRNA gene sequences generated and subjected to BLAST analysis, and compared to GenBank database of the National Center for Biotechnology Information revealed the presence of Clostridium thermocellum, Clostridium tetani, Spirochaeta caldaria, Acinetobacterbaumanni, Stenotrophomonasmaltophilic, Prevotellaruminocola, Parabacteriumdistasonics, Clostridium cellulovorans, Mahellaaustraliensis, Ethanoligenensharbinense, Odoribactersplanchnicus, Tannerallaforsythis, Clostridium stercorarium, Gramellaforsetti, GeobacillusthermoleovoransHalibacteriummodesticaldum and Veillonellaparvula, as the bacteria involved in biogas production. This implies that biogas production is mediated by these species of anaerobic bacteria.

References

[1] M.J. Fullwood, C.L. Wei, E.T. Liu, and Y. Ruan, Next-generation DNA sequencing of paired-end tags (PET) for transcriptome and genome analyses. Genome Res, vol. 19, pp. 521–32, 2009.
[2] Y. Yang, B. Xie and Y. Jan, Application of Next-generation Sequencing Technology in Forensic Science. Genomic Proteomics Bioinformatics, vol. 12, pp. 190–197, 2014.
[3] J. Weber-Lehmann, E. Schilling, G. Gradl, D.C. Richter, J. Wiehler and B. Rolf, Finding the needle in the haystack: differentiating ‘‘identical’’ twins in paternity testing and forensics by ultra-deep next generation sequencing. Forensic SciInt Genet, vol. 9, no. 42–6, 2014.
[4] J.J. McCarthy, H.L. McLeod and G.S. Ginsburg, Genomic medicine: a decade of successes, challenges, and opportunities. SciTransl Med, vol. 5, no. 189sr4, 2013.
[5] M.E. Goddard, and B.J. Hayes, Mapping genes for complex traits in domestic animals and their use in breeding programmes. Nat Rev Genet, vol. 10, pp. 381–91, 2009.
[6] H.N. Poinar, C. Schwarz, J. Qi, B. Shapiro, R.D. Macphee and B. BuiguesMetagenomics to paleogenomics: large-scale sequencing of mammoth DNA. Science, vol. 311, pp. 392–4, 2006.
[7] T. Thomas, J. Gilbert, and F. Meyer, "Metagenomics - A guide from sampling to data analysis". Microbial Informatics and Experimentation, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 3, 2012.
[8] J. Qin, R. Li and J. Raes, et al., "A human gut microbial gene catalogue established by metagenomic sequencing". Nature, vol. 464, no. 7285, pp. 59-65, 2009.
[9] L. Lynd, P. Weimer, W. van Zyl, and I. Pretorius, Microbial cellulose utilization: fundamentals and biotechnology. Microbiology and molecular biology reviews, vol. 66 pp. 506–577, 2002
[10] E. Bayer, J. Belaich, Y. Shoham and R. Lamed, The cellulosomes: multienzyme machines for degradation of plant cell wall polysaccharides. Annual Review of Microbiology.vol. 58, pp. 521–54, 2004.
[11] D. Cirne, A., Lehtomaki, L. Bjornsson and L. Blackall, Hydrolysis and microbial community analyses in two-stage anaerobic digestion of energy crops. Journal of Applied Microbiology.vol 103 pp. 516–527, 2007.
[12] S. Jaenicke, C. Ander, T. Bekel, R. Bisdorf, M. Droge, K. Gartemann, S. Junemann, O. Kaiser, L. Krause, F. Tille, M. Zakrzewski, A. Puhler, A. Schluter, A. Goesmann, Comparative and joint analysis of two metagenomic datasets from a biogas fermenter obtained by 454- Pyrosequencing. Plosone, vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 1-15, 2011.
[13] H. Drake, K. Kusel and C. Matthies, Ecological consequences of the phylogenetic and physiological diversities of acetogens.Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek, vol. 81 pp. 203–213. 2002
[14] H. Shin and J. Youn, (2005).Conversion of food waste into hydrogen by thermophilicacidogenesis.Biodegradation. 16: 33–44.
[15] M. Myint, N. Nirmalakhandan and R. Speece, Anaerobic fermentation of cattle manure: Modeling of hydrolysis and acidogenesis. WaterResearch, vol. 41, pp. 323–332, 2007.
[16] D. Sousa, H. Smidt, M. Alves, and A. Stams, Ecophysiology of syntrophic communities that degrade saturated and unsaturated long-chain fatty acids. FEMS Microbiology Ecology, vol. 68 pp. 257–272, 2009.
[17] U. Deppenmeier and V. Muller, Life close to the thermodynamic limit: how methanogenicarchaea conserve energy. Results and problems in cell differentiation, vol. 45, pp. 123–152, 2008.
[18] R. Thauer, A. Kaster, H. Seedorf, W. Buckel, and R. Hedderich, Methanogenicarchaea: ecologically relevant differences in energy conservation. NatureReviewsMicrobiology, vol. 6, pp. 579–591, 2008.
[19] U. Deppenmeier, The unique biochemistry of methanogenesis. Progress in nucleic acid research and molecular biology, vol. 71, pp. 223–283, 2002.
[20] Y. Liu, and W. Whitman, Metabolic, phylogenetic, and ecological diversity of the methanogenicarchaea. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, vol. 1125 pp. 171–189 2008.
[21] L. Krause, N. Diaz, R. Edwards, K. Gartemann, H. Kromeke, et al., Taxonomic composition and gene content of a methane- producing microbial community isolated from a biogas reactor. Journal of Biotechnology, vol. 136, pp. 91–101, 2008.
[22] L. Leve´n, A. R. B. Eriksson and A.Schnurer,Effect of process temperature on bacterial and archaeal communities in two methanogenic bioreactors treating organic household waste. FEMS Microbiol.Ecol., vol. 59, pp.683–693; 2007.
[23] S. Dollhopf, S. Hashsham, F. Dazzo, R. Hickey, C. Criddle et al., The impact of fermentative organisms on carbon flow in methanogenic systems under constant low-substrate conditions. Applied microbiology and biotechnology, Vol. 56, pp. 531–538, 2001.
[24] A. Fernandez, S. Hashsham, S. Dollhopf, L. Raskin, O. Glagoleva, et al., Flexible community structure correlates with stable community function in methanogenic bioreactor communities perturbed by glucose. Applied and Environmental Microbiology.vol. 66 pp. 40-58, 2000.
[25] N. Diaz, M. Dondrup, R. Eichenlaub, K. Gartemann, I. Krahn, L. Krause, H. Kromeke, O. Kruse, J.H. Mussgnug H. Neuweger, K. Niehaus, A. Puhler, K.J. Runte, R. Szczepanowski, A. Tauch, A. Tilker and A. Goesmann, The metagenome of a biogas-producing microbial community of a production-scale biogas plant fermenter analysed by the 454-pyrosequencing technology. Journal of Biotechnology, vol. 136 no., 1–2, pp. 77-90, 2008.
[26] S.H. Lee, H.J. Kang, Y.H. Lee, T.J. Lee, K. Han, Y. Choi and H.D. Park, Monitoring bacterial community structure and variability in time scale in full-scale anaerobic digesters. J Environ Monit, vol. 14, pp. 1893–1905, 2012.
[27] Z. Zhang, S. Schwartz, L. Wagner and W. Miller, A greedy algorithm for aligning DNA sequences. J. ComputBiol, vol. 7, no. 1-2, pp. 203-214, 2000.
[28] S.Altschul, W. Gish, W. Miller, E. Myers and D.J. Lipman, Basic Local Alignment Search Tool.J.Mol.Biol.,vol. 215, no. 3, pp. 403-410, 1990.
[29] R. Wirth, E. Kovács, G. Moráti, Z. Bagi, G. Rákhely and K. Kovács, Classification of a biogas-producing microbial community by short-read next generation DNA sequencing. Biotechnol.Biofuels, vol 5, no.41, pp. 1-16, 2012.
[30] V.V Zverlov, J. Kellermann and W.H. Schwarz, Functional subgenomics of Clostridiumthermocellumcellulosomal genes: identification of the major catalytic components in the extracellular complex and detection of three new enzymes. Proteomics, vol. 5, pp. 3646–3653, 2005.
[31] D.N. Gold and J.J.V. Martin, Global view of the Clostridiumthermocellumcellulosome revealed by quantitative proteomic analysis.J.Bacteriol, vol. 189 pp. 6787–6795. (2007).
[32] M. Kaji, Y. Taniguchi, O. Matsushita, S. Katayama, S. Miyata, S. Morita and A. Okabe, The hydA gene encoding the H2 evolving hydrogenase of Clostridiumperfingens: molecular characterization and expression of the gene. FEMS MicrobiolLett, vol. 181, pp. 329–336, 1999.
[33] E. Guedon, M. Desvaux, and H. Petitdemange, Improvement of cellulolytic properties of Clostridiumcellulolyticum by metabolic engineering. Appl Environ Microbiol, vol.68, pp. 53–58, 2002.
[34] C. Sundberg, W.A. Al-Soud, M. Larsson, E. Alm, S.S. Yekta, B.H. Svensson, S.J. Sørensen, and A. Karlsson, 454 pyrosequencing analyses of bacterial and archaeal richness in 21 full-scale biogas digesters. FEMS MicrobiolEcol, vol. 85, pp. 612-626, 2013.
[35] M. Krober, T. Bekel, N. Diaz, A. Goesmann, S. Jaenicke, et al., Phylogenetic characterization of a biogas plant microbial community integrating clone library 16S-rDNA sequences and metagenome sequence data obtained by 454- pyrosequencing. Journal of Biotechnology, vol. 142 pp. 38–49, 2009.
[36] M.L. Fardeau, B. Olivier, J.L. Garcia, and B.K.C. Patel, Transfer of Thermobacteroidesleptospartumand Clostridium thermolacticumas Clostridium stercorariumsubsp. leptospartumsubsp. thermolacticumsubsp. nov., comb.nov.andC. stercorariumsubsp. thermolacticumsubsp. nov., comb. nov.Int. J. SystEvol. Microbiol, Vol. 51, pp. 1127–1131, 2001.
[37] V.V. Zverlov, W. Hiegl, D.E. Köck, J. Kellermann, T. Köllmeier, and W.H. Schwarz, Hydrolytic bacteria in mesophilic and thermophilic degradation of plant biomass. Eng. Life Sci., vol. 10, pp. 528 –536,2010.
[38] J.A. Donaghy, K. Bronnenmeier, P.F. Soto-Kelly and A.M. McKay, Purification and characterization of an extracellular feruloyl esterase from the thermophilic anaerobe Clostridium stercorarium. J. Appl. Microbiol, vol. 88, pp. 458–466,2000.
[39] V.V. Zverlov, C. Hertel, K. Bronnenmeier, A. Hroch, J. Kellermann, and W.H. Schwarz, The thermostable alpha-L-rhamnosidaseRamA of Clostridium stercorarium: biochemical characterization and primary structure of a bacterial alfa-L-rhamnoside hydrolase, a new type of inverting glycosyl hydrolase. Mol. Microbiol, vol. 35, pp. 173–179,2000.
[40] V.V. Zverlov and W.H. Schwarz, Bacterial hydrolysis in anaerobic environmental subsystems—Clostridium thermocellumand Clostridium stercorarium, thermophilic plant-fiber degraders.Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci., vol. 1125, pp.298–307,2008.
[41] F.C. Akubuenyi and S.A. Achor, The bacteriological index of bioslurry and the fate of pathogenic bacterial organisms during anaerobic digestion of domestic waste in a biogas plant.Microbiology Research Journal International.Vol. 25, pp. 1-9.
[42] W.D. Wang, Y.B. Song, Y.J. Wang, Y.M. Gao, R.Y. Jing, and Z.J. Cui, Biodiversity of mesophilic microbial community BYND 8 capability of lignocelluloses degradation and its effect on bigas production. Huan Jing KeXue, vol. 32, no. 1, pp. 253-8, 2011
[43] E.A. Assih, A.S. Ouattara, S. Thierry, J. Cayol, M. Labat and H. Macarie, Isolation of Stenotrophomonaspp from an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor. Intl. J. Sys. Evol.Microbiol, vol. 52, pp. 559-568, 2012.
[44] L. Yan, Y.Gao, Y. Wang, Q. Liu, Z. Sun, B. Fu, X. Wen, Z. Cui and W. Wang, Diversity of a mesophiliclignocellulolytic microbial consortium which is useful for enhancement of biogas production. Biores.Technol, vol. 111, pp. 49-54, 2012.
[45] M. Sakamoto and Y. Benno, Reclassification of Bacteroidesdistasionis,Bacteroidesgoldsteinii and Bacteroidesmerdae as Parabacteroidesdistasionis gen. nov.comb. nov.Parabacteroidesgoldsteinii comb.nov.andParabacteroidesmardae comb. nov.Int. J. Sys. Evolut.Microbiol.Vol. 56, pp. 1599–1605, 2006.
[46] F.C. Akubuenyi and S.A. Achor, The microbiological index of bioslurry and the fate of pathogenic bacterial organisms during anaerobic digestion of domestic waste in a biogas plant.Microbiology Research Journal International, vol. 25, pp. 1-9, 2018.
[47] S.G. Tringe, C. von Mering, and A. Kobayashi, et al., "Comparative metagenomics of microbial communities". Science, vol. 308, no. 5721, pp. 554–557, 2005.
[48] K.A. Weitz, S.A. Thorneloe, S.R Nishtala,S. Yarkosky and M. Zannes, The impact of municipal solid waste management on greenhouse gas emissions in the United States. J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc,vol.52 pp. 1000-1011, 2002

Keywords
Metagenomics, Bioslurry, Biogas plant, Next generation DNA sequencing

Cow dung Bacteria offer an Effective Bioremediation for Hydrocarbon-Benzene

	International Journal of Biotech Trends and Technology (IJBTT)
	© 2016 by IJBTT Journal
	Volume - 6 Issue - 3
	Year of Publication : 2016
	Authors : Tanvi Godambe, M.H. Fulekar

Citation

Tanvi Godambe, M.H. Fulekar "Cow dung Bacteria offer an Effective Bioremediation for Hydrocarbon-Benzene", International Journal of Biotech Trends and Technology (IJBTT), V6(3): 13-22 Jul - Sep 2016, Published by Seventh Sense Research Group.

Abstract

Characterization of cow dung microorganisms was carried out for determining its potential to degrade potent and widely accumulated petrochemical hydrocarbon Benzene. Physico-chemical and microbial parameters were studied and ten cultivable bacteria were isolated and identified. Out of these, five of the isolates survived at increasing concentrations of Benzene up to 100mg/L. Later, these five isolates were taken as a consortium and bioremediation of benzene at varying concentrations at 50, 100, 200 and 400mg/L was carried out. Benzene was found to be completely degraded at 50mg/L and 100g/L concentration within 96 hr and 144hr whereas, 99 percent degradation was observed for 200 mg/L and up to 69.2 percent for 400mg/L of benzene. These findings help to have an insight about indigenous source of biomass (like cow dung) and its effectiveness to develop an environmental friendly treatment technology for remediation of hydrocarbons like benzene.

References

[1] Dadrasnia, Arezoo, N. Shahsavari, and C. U. Emenike. "Remediation of Contaminated Sites." Edited by Vladimir Kutcherov (2013): 65
[2] Kauselya, K., R. Narendiran, and R. Ravi. "Biodegradation of benzene in a batch reactor using Indigenous mixed microbial culture’ Biodegradation 6.11 (2014): 4747-4750.
[3] Masumoto H., Kurisu F., Kasuga I., Tourlousse D. M., Furumai H. (2012). Complete mineralization of benzene by a methanogenic enrichment culture and effect of putative metabolites on the degradation. Chemosphere 86, 822–888
[4] Donald JM, Monserrat LE, Hooper K, Book SA, Chernoff GF (1992). Prioritizing candidate reproductive/developmental toxicants for evaluation. Reprod Toxicol 6: 99- 108.
[5] Yardley-Jones, A., D. Anderson, and D. V. Parke. "The toxicity of benzene and its metabolism and molecular pathology in human risk assessment." British journal of industrial medicine 48.7 (1991): 437-444.
[6] Shim, Hojae, EungBai Shin, and Shang-Tian Yang. "A continuous fibrous-bed bioreactor for BTEX biodegradation by a co-culture of Pseudomonas putida and Pseudomonas fluorescens." Advances in Environmental Research 7, no. 1 (2002): 203-216.
[7] Kanematsu, Hideyuki, and Dana M. Barry. "Environmental Problems: Soil and Underground Water Treatment and Bioremediation." Biofilm and Materials Science. Springer International Publishing, 2015. 117-123.
[8] Singh, Dipty, and M. H. Fulekar. "Benzene bioremediation using cow dung microflora in two phase partitioning bioreactor." Journal of hazardous materials 175.1 (2010): 336-343.
[9] Zhang, Tian, et al. "Anaerobic benzene oxidation via phenol in Geobacter metallireducens." Applied and environmental microbiology 79.24 (2013): 7800-7806.
[10] Deeb, Rula A., and Lisa Alvarez-Cohen. "Aerobic biotransformation of gasoline aromatics in multicomponent mixtures." Bioremdiation Journal 4.2 (2000): 171-179.
[11] Kim, D., Choi, K. Y., Yoo, M., Choi, J. N., Lee, C. H., Zylstra, G. J., ... & Kim, E. (2010). Benzylic and aryl hydroxylations of m-xylene by o-xylene dioxygenase from Rhodococcus sp. strain DK17. Applied microbiology and biotechnology, 86(6), 1841-1847
[12] Martino di C, López NI, Raiger Iustman LJ (2012) Isolation and characterization of benzene, toluene and xylene degrading< i> Pseudomonas sp. selected as candidates for bioremediation. International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation, 67:15-20
[13] Jung IG, Park CH (2004) Characteristics of Rhodococcus pyridinovorans PYJ-1 for the biodegradation of benzene, toluene, m-xylene (BTX), and their mixtures. J Bioscien and Bioengin , 97(6): 429-431
[14] Kahraman, H., & Geckil, H. (2005). Degradation of benzene, toluene and xylene by Pseudomonas aeruginosa engineered with the Vitreoscilla hemoglobin gene. Engineering in life sciences, 5(4), 363-368
[15] Kukor, Jerome J., and Ronald H. Olsen. "Catechol 2, 3- dioxygenases functional in oxygen-limited (hypoxic) environments." Applied and environmental microbiology 62.5 (1996): 1728-1740.
[16] Fritsche W, Hofrichter M (2009) Aerobic degradation by microorganisms. Biotech Set, Second Edition, 144-167
[17] M. H. Otenio, M. T. L. Silva, M. L. O. Marques, J. C. Roseiro, E. D. Bidoia, Benzene, Toluene and Xylene Biodegradation by Pseudomonas putidaCCMI 852, Braz. J. Microbiol. 2005, 36 (3), 258–261
[18] C. Choi, Y. S. Oh, Characteristics of BTX Degrading Bacteria and Identification of Substrate Interactions during Their Degradation, J. Microbiol. 1997, 35 (3), 193–199
[19] Holmes, D. E., Risso, C., Smith, J. A., & Lovley, D. R. (2011). Anaerobic oxidation of benzene by the hyperthermophilic archaeon Ferroglobus placidus. Applied and environmental microbiology, 77(17), 5926-5933.
[20] Burland SB, Edwards EA (1999) Anaerobic benzene biodegradation linked to nitrate reduction. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 65: 529–533
[21] Coates JD, Achenbach LA (2001) The biogeochemistry of aquifer systems, in. Hurst CJ, Knudsen GR, McInerney MJ, Stetzenbach LD, Walter MW (Eds.), Manual of Environmental Microbiology, 2nd Edition, ASM Press, Washington, DC, pp. 719–727
[22] Phelps CD, Kazumi J, Young LY (1996) Anaerobic degradation of benzene in BTX mixtures dependent on sulfate reduction. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 145: 433–437
[23] Lovley DR (2000) Anaerobic benzene degradation. Biodegradation 11: 107–116
[24] Edwards EA, Grbi’c-Gali’c D (1992) Complete mineralization of benzene by aquifer microorganisms under strictly anaerobic conditions. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 58:2663– 2666
[25] El Fantroussi S, Agathos SN (2005) Is bioaugmentation a feasible strategy for pollutant removal and site remediation? Curr Opin Microbiol 8:268–275. doi:10.1016/j.mib.2005.04.011.
[26] Anderson, Robert T., and Derek R. Lovley. "Anaerobic bioremediation of benzene under sulfate-reducing conditions in a petroleum-contaminated aquifer." Environmental science & technology 34.11 (2000): 2261-2266.
[27] Cunningham, Jeffrey A., et al. "Enhanced in situ bioremediation of BTEX-contaminated groundwater by combined injection of nitrate and sulfate."Environmental science & technology 35.8 (2001): 1663-1670.
[28] Carvalho, Maria Manuela, et al. "Assisted bioremediation tests on three natural soils contaminated with benzene." (2015).
[29] Seeger, Eva M., et al. "Bioremediation of benzene-, MTBEand ammonia-contaminated groundwater with pilot-scale constructed wetlands. "Environmental pollution 159.12 (2011): 3769-3776.
[30] Zengguang, Xu, et al. "Bioremediation Modeling of an Aquifer Contaminated by Benzene Using the Slow-Release Oxygen Source Technique." Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering (2015): 1-7.
[31] Plaza, G., Ulfig, K. & Brigmon, R. L. (2003). Relationship between soil microbial diversity and bioremediation process at an oil refinery. Acta Microbiol Pol 52, 173–182.
[32] Luo, Fei, et al. "Metatranscriptome of an Anaerobic Benzene-Degrading, Nitrate-Reducing Enrichment Culture Reveals Involvement of Carboxylation in Benzene Ring Activation." Applied and environmental microbiology 80.14 (2014): 4095-4107.
[33] Masumoto H., Kurisu F., Kasuga I., Tourlousse D. M., Furumai H. (2012). Complete mineralization of benzene by a methanogenic enrichment culture and effect of putative metabolites on the degradation. Chemosphere 86, 822–888 [34] Mukherjee, Ashis K., and Naba K. Bordoloi.
"Biodegradation of benzene, toluene, and xylene (BTX) in liquid culture and in soil by Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains and a formulated bacterial consortium."Environmental Science and Pollution Research 19.8 (2012): 3380-3388.
[35] Zhang, Tian, et al. "Anaerobic benzene oxidation via phenol in Geobacter metallireducens." Applied and environmental microbiology 79.24 (2013): 7800-7806.
[36] Zhang, Lili, et al. "Biodegradation of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and o-xylene by the bacterium Mycobacterium cosmeticum byf-4." Chemosphere90.4 (2013): 1340-1347.
[37] Li, He, et al. "Biodegradation of benzene and its derivatives by a psychrotolerant and moderately haloalkaliphilic Planococcus sp. strain ZD22."Research in microbiology 157.7 (2006): 629-636.
[38] Yu, Haibo, Byung J. Kim, and Bruce E. Rittmann. "The roles of intermediates in biodegradation of benzene, toluene, and pxylene by Pseudomonas putida F1." Biodegradation 12.6 (2001): 455-463
[39] Jin, Hyun Mi, Eun Jin Choi, and Che Ok Jeon. "Isolation of a BTEX-degrading bacterium, Janibacter sp. SB2, from a sea-tidal flat and optimization of biodegradation conditions". Bioresource technology 145 (2013): 57-64.
[40] D. Singh, M.H. Fulekar, Bioremediation of phenol by a novel partitioning bioreactor using cow dung microbial consortia, Biotechnol. J. 4 (2009) 423–431.
[41] Daghio, Matteo, et al. "Hydrocarbon degrading microbial communities in bench scale aerobic biobarriers for gasoline contaminated groundwater treatment."Chemosphere 130 (2015): 34-39.
[42] Yeung, C. William, et al. "Bacterial community evidence for anaerobic degradation of petroleum hydrocarbons in cold climate groundwater." Cold regions science and technology 86 (2013): 55-68.
[43] Ghazali, Farinazleen Mohamad, et al. "Biodegradation of hydrocarbons in soil by microbial consortium." International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation 54.1 (2004): 61-67.
[44] Bento, Fatima M., et al. "Comparative bioremediation of soils contaminated with diesel oil by natural attenuation, biostimulation and bioaugmentation."Bioresource technology 96.9 (2005): 1049-1055.
[45] Mandri, T., and J. Lin. "Isolation and characterization of engine oil degrading indigenous microrganisms in Kwazulu-Natal, South Africa." African journal of Biotechnology 6.1 (2007).
[46] Sizova, Maria V., et al. "Isolation and characterization of oligotrophic acido-tolerant methanogenic consortia from a Sphagnum peat bog." FEMS microbiology ecology 45.3 (2003): 301-315.
[47] Eapen, Susan, Sudhir Singh, and S. F. D`souza. "Advances in development of transgenic plants for remediation of xenobiotic pollutants." Biotechnology Advances 25.5 (2007): 442-451.
[48] Sousa, Sofia, et al. "Use of a lux?modified bacterial biosensor to identify constraints to bioremediation of btex?contaminated sites." Environmental toxicology and chemistry 17.6 (1998): 1039-1045.
[49] Kee, W. Kok, et al. "Self-immobilised bacterial consortium culture as ready-to-use seed for crude oil bioremediation under various saline conditions and seawater." International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology (2014): 1-10.
[50] Gargouri, Boutheina, et al. "Bioremediation of petroleum hydrocarbons?contaminated soil by bacterial consortium isolated from an industrial wastewater treatment plant." Journal of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology 89.7 (2014): 978-987.
[51] Pizarro?Tobías, Paloma, et al. "Field trial on removal of petroleum?hydrocarbon pollutants using a microbial consortium for bioremediation and rhizoremediation." Environmental Microbiology Reports (2014).
[52] Goldstein RM, Mallory LM, Alexander M (1985) Reasons for possible failure of inoculation to enhance biodegradation. Appl Environ Microbiol 50:977–983
[53] Alvarado, Sandra, et al. "Arsenic removal from waters by bioremediation with the aquatic plants Water Hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) and Lesser Duckweed (Lemna minor)." Bioresource Technology 99.17 (2008): 8436-8440.
[54] Yokoyama, Hiroshi, et al. "Community analysis of hydrogenproducing extreme thermophilic anaerobic microflora enriched from cow manure with five substrates." Applied microbiology and biotechnology 77.1 (2007): 213-222.
[55] Akinde, S. B., Obire, O., World J. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 24, 1999–2002 (2008)
[56] APHA, Awwa. "WEF, 2005." Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater 21 (1999): 258-259. [57] APHA. Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater 14ed. APHA American Public Health Association, 1976.
[58] Boone, David R., et al., eds. Bergey`s Manual® of Systematic Bacteriology. Vol. 2. Springer Science & Business Media, 2005.
[59] Lee K, Gibson DT (1996) Toluene and ethylbenzene oxidation by purified naphthalene dioxygenase from Pseudomonas sp. strain NCIB 9816-4.Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 62, 3101–3106
[60] Okoh, Anthony I. "Biodegradation alternative in the cleanup of petroleum hydrocarbon pollutants." Biotechnology and Molecular Biology Reviews 1.2 (2006): 38-50.
[61] Vidali, M. "Bioremediation. an overview." Pure and Applied Chemistry 73.7 (2001): 1163-1172.
[62] EPA, U. (2006) Air quality criteria for ozone and related photochemical oxidants (Final). US Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC, USA
[63] Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR), 1992. Case studies in Environmental Medicine Benzene Toxicity. ATSDR-HE-CS-2001-0003, ATSDR, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.
[64] Baun, Anders, et al. "Natural attenuation of xenobiotic organic compounds in a landfill leachate plume (Vejen, Denmark)." Journal of Contaminant Hydrology 65.3 (2003): 269- 291.
[65] Fang, M.Z., Shin, M.K., Park, K.W., Kim, Y.S., Lee, J.W. and Cho, M.H., 2000. Analysis of Urinary S-phenylmercapturic acid and trans, trans-muconic acid as exposure biomarkers of benzene in petrochemical and industrial areas of Korea. Scand J Work Environ Health. 26, 62-66.
[66] Fraile, J., Niaerola, J.M., Olivella, L., Figueras, M., Ginebreda, A., Vilanova, M. and Barcela, D., 2002. Monitoring of the gasoline oxygenate MTBE and BTEX compounds in groundwater in Ctalonia (Northeast Spain). ScientificWorldJournal. 2, 1235-1242.
[67] Kato, M., Rocha, M.L., Carvalho, A.B., Chaves, M.E., Rana, M.C. and Oliveira, F.C., 1993. Occupational exposure to neurotoxicants: preliminary survey in five industries of the Camacari Petrochemical Complex, Brazil. Environ Res. 61, 133- 139.
[68] Wycisk, P., Weiss, H., Kaschl, A., Heidrich, S., Sommerwerk, K., 2003. Groundwater pollution and remediation options for multi-source contaminated aquifers (Bitterfeld/Wolfen, Germany). Toxicol. Lett. 140–141, 343–351.
[69] Zamfirescu, Daniela, and Peter Grathwohl. "Occurrence and attenuation of specific organic compounds in the groundwater plume at a former gasworks site." Journal of Contaminant Hydrology 53.3 (2001): 407-427.
[70] Olariu, R.I. 2001. Atmospheric oxidation of selected aromatic hydrocarbons. Doctoral Thesis, Bergische Universität Gesamthochschule Wuppertal, Wuppertal, 1-143
[71] Farhadian M, Larroche C, Borghei M, Troquet J, Vachelard C (2006) Bioremediation of BTEX-contaminated groundwater through bioreactors. 4e`me Colloque Franco-Roumain de chimie applique´ e, Universite´ Blaise Pascal, Clermont-Ferrand, France, pp 438
[72] Cao B, Nagarajan K & Loh KC (2009) Biodegradation of aromatic compounds: current status and opportunities forbiomolecular approaches. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 85: 207– 228.
[73] Vieira, P.A.; Vieira, R. B.; De França, F. P.; Cardoso, V. L., 2007, Biodegradation of Effluent Contaminated With Diesel Fuel And Gasoline. Journal of Hazardous Materials. 140, 52–59.
[74] McGill, W.B. and Nyborg, M. (1975). Reclamation of wet forest soils subjected to oil spills. Alberta Inst. of Pedology, Canada, Publ. No. G - 75 - 1.
[75] Okoh AI (2006) Biodegradation alternative in the cleanup of petroleum hydrocarbon pollutants. Biotechnol Mol Biol Rev 1: 38–50
[76] D. Singh, M.H. Fulekar, Bioremediation of phenol using microbial consortium in bioreactor, IRFB 1 (2007) 32–38.

Keywords
benzene, cow dung, bacteria, bioremediation, biomass.

IJBTT - Volume 12 - Issue 3 - September - December 2022

Assessment of Knowledge, Attitude and Practice towards CPR among Nurses Working in Wolaita Sodo University Teaching Hospital Wolaita Sodo, Southern Ethiopia, 2017

	International Journal of Biotech Trends and Technology (IJBTT)
	© 2019 by IJBTT Journal
	Volume - 9 Issue - 3
	Year of Publication : 2019
	Authors : MasreshaAssefaDemissie, Tilahun Saol

Citation

MLA Style:MasreshaAssefaDemissie, Tilahun Saol "Assessment of Knowledge, Attitude and Practice towards CPR among Nurses Working in Wolaita Sodo University Teaching Hospital Wolaita Sodo, Southern Ethiopia, 2017" International Journal of Biotech Trends and Technology 9.2 (2019): 6-11.

APA Style:MasreshaAssefaDemissie, Tilahun Saol(2019). Assessment of Knowledge, Attitude and Practice towards CPR among Nurses Working in Wolaita Sodo University Teaching Hospital Wolaita Sodo, Southern Ethiopia, 2017. International Journal of Biotech Trends and Technology, 9(2), 6-11.

Abstract

Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is the restoration of cardiac output and pulmonary ventilation following cardiac arrest and apnea by using artificial respiration and manual closed chest compressions or open cardiac massage. Worldwide, there are greater than 17.5 million cardio vascular deaths each year, and the prevalence of coronary heart disease is increasing. Thus the assistance provided by the health care team requires speed, efficiency, scientific knowledge and technical skills to perform the needed procedure.The aim of this study was to assess knowledge, attitude and practice towards cardiopulmonary resuscitation among nurses working in Wolaita Sodo teaching hospital, Southern Ethiopia.A descriptive cross sectional study designed was used. Self-administered structured questionnaire conducted among a total 98 nurses working in Wolaita sodo teaching hospital by using Simple random sample (lottery method) technics. Data was collected from April 01, 2017 to April 30, 2017. Supervision had done on daily basis. The Data were first checked manually for completeness and then coded and entered in to EpiData version 3.1. The entered data were transferred to SPSS version 20. The data were cleaned by visualizing, calculating frequencies and sorting. Frequencies and proportions were computed for description of the study population. Among 98 participants 55 (56%) are BSc nurse and the rest 43 (44%) are diploma nurse. of all participants 44 (44.9%) those who have training and the rest 54(55.1%) are not trained on CPR. The untrained participants have scored poorly as compared to trained participants in theoretical knowledge and practice of CPR And Most of the participants of both trained and untrained group were having very good attitude towards CPR. Knowledge and practice skills of CPR were not adequate in participants. A significant Portion of trainees do not acquire adequate knowledge in a single session of training. An organized curriculum for BLS and its protocolized training is the need of the hour in medical education.

References

[1] Williams & Wilkins. Stedman’s concise medical and Allied Heath Dictionary, 1997, 199:760.
[2] http://wiredspace.Wits.ac.za/bitserm/handle/10539/4654/Dissertation.pdf?sequency=3(safer and Reuben in the late 1950’s )
[3] Ahern Rm, Lozano R, Naghavi m, foreman k, Gakidou E, Murray Cj. Improving the public health utility of global cardiovascular mortality data the rise of ischemic heart disease. Popup Health Metr. 2011,9:8
[4] American Heart Association –Guidelines for cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and emergency cardiovascular care ,2005
[5] Berdowiski J, Berg RA, Ijssel JG, KosterRW. Global incidence of out of-hospital cardiac arrest and survival rates: systematic review of 67 prospective studies. Resuscitation. 2010,81:1479-1487.
[6] Campanpapelodiamundial de cardiogia, sociedadeBrasileira de cardio logia cited 2011 Aug 25.[Sao Paulo]: SociedadeBrasileriade Cardio logia; c2011[cited 2011 aug 25]. Available from; http://pervenacao.Cordial.br/campanhas/default.asp?id=Curacao
[7] American Heart Association Statistics committee and stork Statistics subcommittee Heart disease and stroke Statistics -2013 up data: a report from the America heart association [published correlation appearsinCirculation.2013:127:doi:10.1161/CIR.0b013e31828124ad] circulation. 2013:127:e6-e245.
[8] World health organizationreport (WHO 2009:2)
[9] Merchant RM, yang L, Becker LB, Berg RA, Nadkarni V< Nichol G, Carr BG, Metra N< Bradley SM, Abella BS, Groeneveled PW, American Heart Association Get With THE Guidelines-Resuscitation Investigators.Incidence of treated cardiac arrest in hospitalized patients in the United States. Critical care med. 2011, 39:2401-2406
[10] (http://www.heart , org/HEARTORG/CPR AND ECC/What is CPR/CPR facts and stats/history –of-CPR –UCN-307549-Article,jsp .)
[11] ReutterG,Wolfe RA, Goldstein S, Landis JR,vasuCM,Acheson A, et al. the effect of bystander CPR survival of out of hospital cardiac arrest victims . Am heart J 1985, 110:932-937
[12] Wenzel V, Lehmkuhl P, Kubilis PS, Indris’ AH, PichlmayrI.Poor correlation of mouth-to mouth ventilation skills after BLS training and 6 Month later. Resuscitation 19997, 35:129-134.
[13] Wik L, Steen PA, Bircher NG .Quality of bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation influence out com after pre hospital cardiac arrest. Resuscitation 1994, 28:195-203.
[14] Gwinnutt C, Columb M, Harris R. out com after cardiac arrest in adults in UK hospitals: effect of 1997 guidelines 2000, 47:125-135.
[15] Copper C, Johnston E, and Prescott D. immediate life support training. Impact in primary care setting? Resuscitation2007, 72:92-99.
[16] Cardio pulmonary resuscitation: statement by the Ad Hoc committee on cardio pulmonary resuscitation of the division of medical science, national academy of sciences, national research council. Cardio pulmonary resuscitation JAMA 1966, 198:372-379.
[17] Republic of Botswana yearly report 2008 a:9
[18] http://wiredspace.wits,ac.za/bitstream/handle/10539/4645/Dissertiation.pdf?Sequence= 3 Godkin and toth (1994:22)
[19] Hamilton R. Nurses Knowledge and skills following cardio-pulmonary resuscitation training: a review of the literature. J Adv Nurse. 2005; 51(3):288-97)
[20] Soo-II O, Sang-Sook H. A study on the sustainable effect of reeducation on CPR on nurses’ knowledge and skill. J Korean Acad Nurs.2008; 38(3):383-392.
[21] Preusch MR, Bea F, Roggenbach J, katus HA, Junger J Nikedei C. resuscitation Guideline 2005: do nursing staffs need training and how effective is it? Am J Emerg Med. 2010, 28(4); 477-84)
[22] American heart Association Guide line for cardio pulmonary resuscitation and emergency cardio vascular care, 2005 a.
[23] (Worled J Emerg Med, Roshana et al vol 3, no 2, 2012 www. Wjem.org).
[24] Cooper S, Johnston E,Priscott D. Immediate life support training .Impact in a primary care

Keywords
Cardiopulmonary resuscitation, Knowledge, Attitude, practice, Assessment, WSU

Toxicity Experiment to Access the Impact of Petrochemical Organic and Inorganic Contaminants on the Seed Germination and Growth of Pennisetum pedicellatum

	International Journal of Biotech Trends and Technology (IJBTT)
	© 2016 by IJBTT Journal
	Volume - 6 Issue - 3
	Year of Publication : 2016
	Authors : Sheetal Koul, M.H. Fulekar

Citation

Sheetal Koul, M.H. Fulekar "Toxicity Experiment to Access the Impact of Petrochemical Organic and Inorganic Contaminants on the Seed Germination and Growth of Pennisetum pedicellatum", International Journal of Biotech Trends and Technology (IJBTT), V6(3): 5-12 Jul - Sep 2016. Published by Seventh Sense Research Group.

Abstract

Research in recent years has proved “phytoremediation” as a promising technology for clean-up of petroleum contaminated soils. The present study has been carried out to evaluate the effectiveness of grass Pennisetum pedicellatum as a potential plant for phytoremediation of organic and heavy metal contaminants. Seed germination and root/shoot biomass is one of the commonly used bioassay for eco-toxicity evaluation and selection of the plants for their prospective use in phytoremediation. The effect of PAH compounds (anthracene and phenanthrene); heavy metals (Zn,Cd and Pb) separately and in combination on the seed germination of Pennisetum pedicellatum was investigated using PAH and heavy metal spiked soil at the concentrations of 25,50,75 and 100 mg/kg, for a period of 30 days along with unspiked soil as control. It was observed that Pennisetum pedicellatum could efficiently tolerate and survive at a high concentration of 100mg/kg of PAH compounds, however a constant decline in the germination rate was observed if the same was compared to control. Higher concentration of contaminant especially heavy metals showed negative effect on root-shoot biomass of the plant, root length was more affected by metals than shoot length. Toxicity of heavy metals towards seed germination and elongation trial was Cd>Pb>Zn. The research findings suggest that heavy metal contamination proved to be more toxic to the plant than co-contamination (heavy metal and organic compounds) and organic contamination alone. Based on these results Pennisetum pedicellatum is recommended for follow-up investigations which could further develop the application of phytoremediation of petroleum contaminated soils.

References

[1] Akpoveta O.V,and Osakwe S.A, “Determination of Heavy Metal Contents in Refined Petroleum Products”,IOSR Journal of Applied Chemistry.,vol.7(6),pp.01-02, 6, 2014.
[2] Garba S.T, Nkafaminya I, Barminas J.T, “Phytoremediation: Influence of different level of EDTA on the phytoextraxction ability of Pennisetum Pedicellatum for the metals; cadmium and zinc”, International journal of Engineering and management sciences. vol.4 (2), pp.92-97, 2013.
[3] Michael U.O, Matthew O.W, Edward O.A, “An Assessment of Some Heavy Metal Elements in Crude Oil Contaminated Soils Remediated By Some Wild-Type Legumes”, International Journal of Engineering Science Invention. vol 2 (1), pp. 37-42, 2013.
[4] Muhammad,shafiq,et al, “Effect of lead and cadmium on germination and seedling growth of Leucaena leucocephala”, journal of Applied sciences and environmental. Management, vol 12 (2), pp. 61-66, 2008.
[5] Chirakkara R.A, et al, “Synergistic Effects of Organic and Metal Contaminants on Phytoremediation”, in Geo- Congress 2014 Technical Papers,pp. 1703-1712.
[6] Besalatpour A, Khoshgoftarmanesh A.H, et al, “Germination and growth of selected plants in a petroleum contaminated calcareous soil”, Soil and sediment contamination, vol.17, pp.665-676, 2008.
[7] Mezzari M.P, Zimermann D.M.H, et al, “Potential of Grasses and Rhizosphere bacteria for Bioremediation of Diesel-Contaminated soils”,R.Bras.Ci.Solo, vol. 35, pp2227-2236,2011.
[8] Nicole Merkl, Rainer S.K,Carmen Infante, “Assessment of tropical grasses and legumes for phytoremediation of petroleum contaminated soils”,Water,Air and Soil pollution, vol.165,pp195-209,2005.
[9] Gleba Doloressa, Borisjuk N.V, et al, “Use of plant roots for phytoremediation and molecular farming” in National Academy of Sciences colloquium Plants and Population: Is There Time? Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, Vol.96, pp. 5973–5977, 1999.
[10] Kirk J.L,Kironomos J.N, et al., “Phytotoxicity Assay to Assess Plant Species for phytoremediation of petroleumcontaminated soil. Bioremediation journal, vol.6 (1), pp.57-63, 2002.
[11] Komives Tamas, and Gullner Gabor, “Dendroremediation: The Use of Trees In Cleaning Up Polluted Soils”, Phytoremediation Rhizoremediation, Springer,pp. 23-31, 2006.
[12] Aprill W, and Sims R.C, “Evaluation of the use of prairie grasses for stimulating polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon treatment in soil”, Chemosphere, vol.20, pp.253-265, 1990.
[13] Adam G, and Duncan H, “Influence of diesel fuel on seed germination”. Journal of Environmental Pollution, vol.120, pp.363-370, 2002.
[14] Kim J.Yand Cho K.S, “Bioremediation of oilcontaminated soil using rhizobacteria and plants”. Korean journal of microbio biotechnology, vol.34, pp.185-195, 2006.
[15] Pichtel .J and Liskanen .P, “Degradation of diesel fuel in rhizosphere soil”, Environ.Eng.Sci, vol. 18, pp.145-157, 2001.
[16] Siddiqui S.W, Adams.A, “The fate of diesel hydrocarbons in soils and their effect on the germination of perennial ryegrass”, Environ. Toxicology. vol.16 (1), pp.49-62, 2002.
[17] Ogbo E.M, “Effects of diesel fuel contamination on seedgermination of four cropplants- Arachis hypogaea, Vigna unguiculata, Sorghum bicolor and zea mays”, African journal of Biotechnology,vol.8(2),pp.250- 253,2009.
[18] Marques.M, Rosa G.S, et al, “Seedling Emergence and Biomass Growth of Oleaginousand Other Tropical Species in Oil Contaminated Soil”, The Open Waste Management Journal, vol.3, pp.26-32, 2010.
[19] Garba S.T, Maina .H, et al, “Assessment of the Natural ability and Chelator-enhanced Phytoextraction of the metals: Cu,Ni,Se, and Pb by Pennisetum pedicellatum”, Journal of Basic and Applied Chemistry,vol.1(9),pp.91- 97,2011.
[20] Dube K.K, Fulekar M.H, “Effect of Pesticides on the seed germination of Cenchrus setigerus and Pennisetum pedicellatum as Monocropping and co-cropping system: Implications for Rhizospheric Bioremediation”, Romania Biotechnological Letters, vol.16 (1)5909-5918, 2011.
[21] APHA,AWWA,WPCF, Standard Methods for the Examination of water and wastewater, American Public Health Association/American Water Works Association/water Environmental Fedration,Washington DC,1998.
[22] Nelson D.W, and L.E. Sommers, “Total carbon, organic carbon and organic matter: Methods of soil analysis. Part 2” Chemical and Microbiological Properties, pp.539-579. 1982.
[23] Smith M.J,Flowers T.H,Duncab H.Jand Alder.J, “Effects of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons on germination and subsequent growth of grasses and legumes in freshly contaminated soil with aged PAHs residues”, Environ.Pollut,vol.141(3), pp.519-525,2006.
[24] Korade D.L, Fulekar M. H, “Effect of organic contaminants on seed germination of Lolium multiflorum in soil”, Biology and medicine, vol. 1(1), pp.28-34, 2009.
[25] Araujo A. S. F, Monteiro R. T.R., “Plant bioassays to asses toxicity of textile sludge compost”, Scientia Agricola Piracicaba, Bra, .vol. 62 (3) pp. 286-290, 2005.
[26] Chandra .P and Kulshreshtha .K, “Chromium accumulation and toxicity in aquatic vascular plants”, The Botanical Review, vol. 70(3), pp. 313-327, 2004.
[27] Pahlsson A.B, “Toxicity of heavy metals (Zn,Cu,Cd,Pb) to vascular plants”. Water, Air and Soil Pollution, vol 47(3-4), pp. 287-319.
[28] Galvez Cloutier R and Dube J.S, “Impact of residual NAPL on water flow and heavy metal transfer ina multimodal grain size soil under saturation conditions: Implications for contaminant mobility”, ASTM Special Technical Publication, West Conshohocken, pp 126-137, 2002.
[29] Poly.B and Sreedeep.S, “Influence of soil-multiple contaminant retention parameters on contaminant fate prediction”, Journal of hazardous, toxic and radioactive waste management, vol. 15(3), pp. 180-187, 2011.
[30] Environmental Protection Agency – EPA. “Land farming In: How to evaluate alternative cleanup technologies for underground storage tank sites: A guide for corrective action Plan reviews”. EPA 510-B-94- 003 and EPA 510-B- 95-007, .1994.
[31] Mahajan B.k, “Methods in biostatistics for medical students and research workers”, 6th Edition,Jaypee Brothers, New Delhi,India,1997.

Keywords
phytoremediation, toxicity, Pennisetum pedicellatum, PAH, heavy metal contamination.

IJBTT - Volume 13 - Issue 1 - January - April 2023

IJBTT - Volume 9 - Issue 3 - 2019

A web based nucleotide sequencing tool using BLAST algorithm

	International Journal of Biotech Trends and Technology (IJBTT)
	© 2016 by IJBTT Journal
	Volume - 6 Issue - 3
	Year of Publication : 2016
	Authors : Ipsita Saha, Joy Dewanjee

Citation

Ipsita Saha, Joy Dewanjee "A web based nucleotide sequencing tool using BLAST algorithm", International Journal of Biotech Trends and Technology (IJBTT), V6(3): 1-4 Jul - Sep 2016, Published by Seventh Sense Research Group.

Abstract

One of the most important methods which specifies the biological functionalities of a gene is by running a sequencing or similarity search on the existing protein and DNA sequence databases. The most famous tool for performing nucleotide sequencing is the NCBI’s Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLAST) or its different various. This web based tool provides an alternative to the present BLAST tool, providing a faster access to the analytics of the protein structure with a more interactive interface. The tool also provides a user friendly and hassle free access with sorted and visually informative analytics.

References

[1] S. F. Altschul, W. Gish, W. Miller, E. W. Myers, and D. J. Lipman, "Basic local alignment search tool," Journal of Molecular Biology, vol. 215, pp. 403-410, 1990.
[2] J. Cuticchia, S. Parameswaran, R. Alexandrova, and E. Crowdy, "OCGC BLAST," http://www.ocgc.ca/ocgcblast.htm., 1999.
[3] E. S. Ferlanti, J. F. Ryan, I. Makalowska, and A. D. Baxevanis, "WebBLAST 2.0: an integrated solution for organizing and analyzing sequence data," Bioinformatics, vol. 15, pp. 422-423, 1999.
[4] Glass JI, Hutchison CA 3rd, Smith HO, Venter JC, “A systems biology tour de force for a near-minimal bacterium.”, Mol Syst Biol, pp. 5-330, 2009.
[5] Clatworthy AE, Pierson E, Hung DT, “Targeting virulence: a new paradigm for antimicrobial therapy”, Nat Chem Biol, pp. 3:541–548, 2007.
[6] Furney SJ, Alba MM, Lopez-Bigas N, “Differences in the evolutionary history of disease genes affected by dominant or recessive mutations.”, pp. 7-165, BMC Genomics 2006.
[7] Giaever G, Chu AM, Ni L, Connelly C, Riles L, Veronneau S, Dow S, LucauDanila A, Anderson K, Andre B, “Functional profiling of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae genome Nature”, pp. 418,387–391, 2002.
[8] Cullen LM, Arndt GM, “Genome-wide screening for gene function using RNAi in mammalian cells”, Immunol Cell Biol, pp. 83,217–223, 2005.
[9] Roemer T, Jiang B, Davison J, Ketela T, Veillette K, Breton A, Tandia F, Linteau A, Sillaots S, Marta C, “Large-scale essential gene identification in Candida albicans and applications to antifungal drug discovery. Mol Microbiology”, pp. 50,167–181, 2003.
[10] Fraser HB, Hirsh AE, Steinmetz LM, Scharfe C, Feldman MW, “Evolutionary rate in the protein interaction network.”, Science,pp. 296,750–752, 2002.
[11] Jordan IK, Rogozin IB, Wolf YI, Koonin EV, “Essential genes are more evolutionarily conserved than are nonessential genes in bacteria”, Genome Res, pp. 12,962– 968, 2002.
[12] Green ED, Guyer MS., “Charting a course for genomic medicine from base pairs to bedside”, Nature 470 (7333):204-213. doi: 10.1038/nature09764, 2011.
[13] Needleman SB, Wunsch CD., “A general method applicable to the search for similarities in the amino acid sequence of two proteins”, J Mol Biol 48 (3), pp. 443-453, 1970.
[14] S.C. Rastogi, Namita Mendiratta, “Bioinformatics concepts, skills and applications”, pp. 124-250, 2006.
[15] Bryan Bergeeron, “Bioinformatics computing”, pp. 330- 335, 2010.
[16] (2002) The IEEE website. [Online]. Available: http://www.ieee.org/.

Keywords
DNA, Protein sequence, Global sequence alignment, Homology, Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLAST).

IJBTT - Volume 13 - Issue 2 - May - August 2023

Novel Model Architecture for EEG Emotion Classification

	International Journal of Biotech Trends and Technology (IJBTT)
	© 2019 by IJBTT Journal
	Volume - 9 Issue - 3
	Year of Publication : 2019
	Authors : Lars Rune Christensen , Mohamed Ahmed Abdullah
	DOI :  10.14445/22490183/IJBTT-V9I3P601

Citation

MLA Style:Lars Rune Christensen , Mohamed Ahmed Abdullah "Novel Model Architecture for EEG Emotion Classification" International Journal of Biotech Trends and Technology 9.2 (2019): 1-5.

APA Style:Lars Rune Christensen , Mohamed Ahmed Abdullah(2019). Novel Model Architecture for EEG Emotion Classification. International Journal of Biotech Trends and Technology, 9(2), 1-5.

Abstract

Enhancing the communication between the human and the machine is the core purpose of the HCI field (Human Machine Interaction), Identifying human emotion is an important aspect of enhancing this communication. This work will identify 10 distinctive emotions, the emotions will be measured by Dominance, Valance, and Arousal. The classification will run five different models with respect to Riemannian Geometry to enhance the filtering. The EEG signal is being collected in a form of two sessions per subject, one session for training purposes the other for testing, then the data is filtered then the model was trained to give an accuracy between 50% to 70%. SAM assessment technique has been conducted to tag the data.

References

[1] M. M. Bradley and P. J. Lang, “Measuring emotion: The selfassessment manikin and the semantic differential,” J. Behav. Ther. Exp. Psychiatry, vol. 25, no. 1, pp. 49–59, 1994.
[2] A. Barachantet al., “Classification of covariance matrices using a Riemannian-based kernel for BCI applications To cite this version : HAL Id : hal-00820475 Classification of covariance matrices using a Riemannian-based kernel for BCI applications,” 2013.
[3] H. Xu and K. N. (Kostas) Plataniotis, “Affect recognition using EEG signal,” IEEE 14th Int. Work. Multimed. Signal Process., pp. 299–304, 2012.
[4] K. J. Miller, G. Schalk, D. Hermes, J. G. Ojemann, and R. P. N. Rao, “Spontaneous Decoding of the Timing and Content of Human Object Perception from Cortical Surface Recordings Reveals Complementary Information in the Event-Related Potential and Broadband Spectral Change,” PLoSComput. Biol., vol. 12, no. 1, pp. 1–20, 2016.
[5] A. Barachant, S. Bonnet, A. Barachant, S. Bonnet, C. Selection, and A. Barachant, “Channel Selection Procedure using Riemannian distance for BCI applications To cite this version : Channel Selection Procedure using Riemannian distance for BCI applications,” 2011.
[6] S. Lemm, B. Blankertz, G. Curio, and K. R. Müller, “Spatiospectral filters for improving the classification of single trial EEG,” IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng., vol. 52, no. 9, pp. 1541– 1548, 2005.
[7] Z. J. Koles, M. S. Lazar, and S. Z. Zhou, “Spatial patterns underlying population differences in the background EEG,” Brain Topogr., vol. 2, no. 4, pp. 275–284, 1990.
[8] G. Cheng, “A closed-loop Brain-Computer Music Interface for continuous affective interaction,” no. December, pp. 176– 179, 2017.
[9] B. Rivet, A. Souloumiac, V. Attina, and G. Gibert, “xDAWN algorithm to enhance evoked potentials: application to brain computer interface,” Biomed Eng, IEEE Trans, vol. 56, pp. 1–9, 2009.
[10] B. Rivet, H. Cecotti, A. Souloumiac, E. Maby, and J. Mattout, “Theoretical analysis of XDAWN algorithm: Application to an efficient sensor selection in a P300 BCI BT - 19th European Signal Processing Conference, EUSIPCO 2011, August 29, 2011 - September 2, 2011,” Eur. Signal Process. Conf., no. Eusipco, pp. 1382–1386, 2011.
[11] S. Jirayucharoensak, S. Pan-Ngum, and P. Israsena, “EEGBased Emotion Recognition Using Deep Learning Network with Principal Component Based Covariate Shift Adaptation,” Sci. World J., vol. 2014, 2014.
[12] M. Congedo, A. Barachant, and A. Andreev, “A New Generation of Brain-Computer Interface Based on Riemannian Geometry,” arXivPrepr. arXiv1310.8115, vol. 33, no. 0, 2013.
[13] X. Li et al., “Emotion Recognition from Multi-Channel EEG Data through Convolutional Recurrent Neural Network,” 2016 Ieee Int. Conf. Bioinforma. Biomed., pp. 352–359, 2016.
[14] H. Zhang et al., “A feasibility study of detecting brain signal in EEG during emotional self-regulation,” pp. 184–187, 2017.
[15] S. I. Alzahrani, “P300 Wave Detection Using EmotivEpoc+ Headset: Effects of Matrix Size, Flash Duration, and Colors,” p. 76f., 2016.
[16] W. L. Zheng, W. Liu, Y. Lu, B. L. Lu, and A. Cichocki, “EmotionMeter: A Multimodal Framework for Recognizing Human Emotions,” IEEE Trans. Cybern., pp. 1–13, 2018.
[17] L. R. Christensen, M. A. Abdullah “EEG Emotion Detection Review,” 2018 IEEE Conf. Comput. Intell. Bioinforma. Comput. Biol., pp. 1–7, 2018.

Keywords
EEG; Emotion Recognition; Emotion Detection; HMI; BCI, Riemannian Geometry, TangentSpace

Applications of Ultrasound in Medical Diagnosis

	International Journal of Biotech Trends and Technology (IJBTT)
	© 2016 by IJBTT Journal
	Volume - 6 Issue - 2
	Year of Publication : 2016
	Authors : R.Velavan

Citation

R.Velavan "Applications of Ultrasound in Medical Diagnosis", International Journal of Biotech Trends and Technology (IJBTT), V6(2): 26-28 Apr - Jun 2016, Published by Seventh Sense Research Group.

Abstract

Ultrasound is a sound energy emanating from vibrating body with frequency between 20 hertz – 20000 hertz. Ultrasound possesses wide applications in industry and medical field. Ultrasound devices are frequently used in medical diagnosis without any radiation exposure to the patients. These devices consist of a transmitter and a receiver (called transducer), pulse generator, amplifiers, the control unit for focusing, digital processors and a display screen. It plays a vital role in the examination of abdominal, cardiac, maternity, gynecological, urological and cerebrovascular, breast, pediatric and preoperational planning and post-operational surveillance. The major applications of ultrasound in medical diagnosis are emphasized in this paper.

References

1. Masic I, Ridjanovic Z, Pandza H, Masic I. Sarajevo: Avicena; 2010. Medical informatics; pp. 416–430.
2. Pericic V, GlicicLj. Dijagnostikabolesnikagornjegaabdomenaultrazvukom. U: Dijagnostikaidiferencijalnadijagnostika u gastroenterologijiihepatologiji. Urednici: Pericic V, GlicicLj. Zajecar, Zajecar-Beograd. 1981. pp. 329–37.
3. Bijelic J, Cocic M, et al. Savremenadostignuca u tehniciimedicinskojdijagnostici u gastroenterologiji. U: Prvojugoslovenskosavetovanje “Tehnikaimedicina”, održano u Beogradu 1985. godine, zbornikradova, knjiga I, Beograd. 1985. pp. 41–70.
4. Palmer R. Bar Code and scanning technology in the health care industry. Intermec Co. 1988. Feb 16,
5. Markovic N, Slavkovic Z, et al. Primenanekihsavremenihtehnickihdostignuca u anestezijiireanimaciji. U: Prvojugoslovenskosavetovanje “Tehnikaimedicina”, održano u Beogradu, 1985. godine, zbornikreferata, knjiga I, Beograd. 1985. pp. 34–40.
6. Ivancic D. Ulogainformatickihmetoda u suvremenomklinickomradu. Lijec Vjesn.1987;109:468– 71. [PubMed
7. Salihefendic N, Zildzic M, Licanin Z, Muminhodzic K, Zerem E, Masic I. :101–130.
8. Masic I, Ridjanoci Z. Sarajevo: Avicena. Sarajevo; 1999. Medicinskainformatika; pp. 193–244.
9. George E. Brannen, and William H. Bus (1984) “Ultrasonic Destruction of Kidney Stones” West J. Med. Vol.140 pp227- 232.

Keywords
The major applications of ultrasound in medical diagnosis are emphasized in this paper.

IJBTT - Volume 13 - Issue 3 - September to December 2023

Composition and Abundance of Woody Species in Falgore Game Reserve, Kano State, Nigeria

	International Journal of Biotech Trends and Technology (IJBTT)
	© 2019 by IJBTT Journal
	Volume - 9 Issue - 2
	Year of Publication : 2019
	Authors : Maishanu, H.M., Bello, U. B , Mainasara M. M

Citation

MLA Style: Maishanu, H.M., Bello, U. B , Mainasara M. M "Composition and Abundance of Woody Species in Falgore Game Reserve, Kano State, Nigeria" International Journal of Biotech Trends and Technology 9.2 (2019): 11-15.

APA Style:Maishanu, H.M., Bello, U. B , Mainasara M. M(2019). Composition and Abundance of Woody Species in Falgore Game Reserve, Kano State, Nigeria International Journal of Biotech Trends and Technology, 9(2), 11-15.

Abstract

The study was conducted at Falgore Game Reserve in Kano state, Nigeria with the objective of making inventory woody species diversity, and to determine the vegetation structure of woody plants in terms of richness. The survey was carried out between the months of March to November, 2016. Total of 12km2 was used for the Site Selection and six plots were utilized from the three sites selected for the study. Growth parameters (Species Height, Stem diameter and Canopy Crown), Soil pH and Soil bulk density were studied. 49 different plant species belonging to (20) families, while the total of (549) Woody Species Vegetation where enumerated. The data collected were analyzed using Shannon – Weiner’s diversity index, and species richness was calculated using Menhinik’s index. Results from the diversity, richness and plant growth parameters (Plant height), Site 1A had more species diversity and species richness compare to the others. Site 3B had the highest density moisture of 1.89g/cm2 and site 3A is more acidic (soil pH of 5.96).

References

[1] Nigerian Conservation Foundation, NCF (2011).Stakeholders Decry loss of Biodiversity.http://www.ncfnigeria.org/index/php. Retrieved on 13th march, 2016.
[2] A., Ayanlade, & N. Drake. Forest loss in different ecological zones of the Niger Delta, Nigeria: evidence from remote sensing. GeoJournal, 81(5), 2016, 717-735.
[3] B.N. Ejidike. Biodiversity in Nigeria: Non–Consumptive Values Perspective. Journal on Food, Agriculture and Environment, Finland. 8(3&4): 2010, 1394–1396.
[4] S., Soliveres, F., Van Der Plas, P., Manning., D., Prati, M. M., Gossner, & K.., Renner. Biodiversity at multiple trophic levels is needed for ecosystem multi functionality. Nature, 536(7617), 2016, 456.
[5] S. R. Eyre, Vegetation and soils: a world picture. Routledge. 2017
[6] WCMC (World Conservation Monitoring Centre). Global Biodiversity: State of the Earth?s Living Resources. Chapman and Hall, London.1992 Pp. 280 – 285.
[7] O.M. Agbogidi, and A.U. Ofuoku, Promoting Environmental Protection in Nigeria, Through Environmental Education: The Role of Women. J. Environ. Extension.6: 2007, 28-33.
[8] P. A., Sandifer, A. E., Sutton-Grier, & B. P. Ward. Exploring connections among nature, biodiversity, ecosystem services, and human health and well-being: Opportunities to enhance health and biodiversity conservation. Ecosystem services, 2015, 12, 1- 15.
[9] I.L. Suleiman. Forest and Forest Reserve as Security Threats in Northern Nigeria. European Science Journal December, 2014 Edition. Vol. 10, No. 35. IBSN; 2014, 1857-7881.
[10] B A., Usman, and, L. L Adefalu. “An Appraisal of Nigeria National Policy of Forestry Wildlife and Protected Area” Environment issue3(1) 2010, 50-63.
[11] G. S., Cumming, C.R., Allen, N.C. Ban, D., Biggs, H. C., Biggs, D. H., Cumming, & R. Mathevet. Understanding protected area resilience: a multi? scale, social? ecological approach. Ecological Applications, 25(2), 2015, 299-319.
[12] B. Oludotun. Forest and its Services to Nigeria and Nigerians. Olawasomidotun.blogspot.com/2011/05/forest-and-its/resources Retrieved on 13th march, 2016. 2011
[13] W. van Hoven. Private game reserves in southern Africa. In Institutional arrangements for conservation, development and tourism in eastern and southern Africa 2015, (pp. 101-118). Springer, Dordrecht.
[14] M. Atiku, A. G. Bello, and J. S. Alao. Study of some trees characteristic at Tangaza north Forest Reserve in Sokoto state Nigeria. Agricultural science research journal l3 (10): 2013, 318-323
[15] E. H., Sene. Forest and food security in African. The place of forestry in FAO?s special programme for food security, Rome, Italy. 2000
[16] A. Akinsoji. Vegetation types and ethno – botanical Studies of Gashaka Gumti National Parks, Nigeria. Technical Report NCF, WWF; UK. 2000, Pp. 52.
[17] L., Daniel, R. Manning, and D. Krymkowski.. Relationship Between Visitor-Based Standard of Quality and Existing Condition in Parks and Outdoor Recreation, Leisure Science, 2005, 27:157-173.
[18] M., Lockwood. Good governance for terrestrial protected areas: A framework, principles and performance outcomes. Journal of environmental management, 91(3), 2010, 754-766.
[19] G. J. Martínez. Use of fauna in the traditional medicine of native Toba (qom) from the Argentine Gran Chaco region: an ethnozoological and conservationist approach. Ethnobiology and conservation, 2013, 2.
[20] R. A., Noe, J. R., Hollenbeck, B., Gerhart, & M. P., Wright. Human resource management: Gaining a competitive advantage. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Education. 2017
[21] I., Abdulrashid & M., Rabi?u. Indigenous trees inventory and their multipurpose uses in Dutsin-Ma area Katsina State. European Scientific Journal, ESJ, 2013, 9(11).
[22] E., Knapp. Ecological effects of prescribed fire season: a literature review and synthesis for managers. DIANE Publishing. 2010
[23] I., John. Africans: The History of a Continent. Cambridge, University Press. 2007 Pp. 75.ISBN 0-521-86438-0.
[24] O. D., Akinyemi, O. A., Ugbogu, and A. B., Oguntola. The Dynamics of Natural Vegetation of Savanna Trees Species in Ribako Wetland Reserve .Conference Proceeding of Forestry Association of Nigeria. Abuja, Nigeria. 2001 Pp, 45-55.
[25] H. H., Zakari. Vegetation Composition and Conservation Status of Baturiya Wetland, Jigawa State, Nigeria. A Dissertation Submitted to School Postgraduate Studies, Ahmadu Bello University Zaria. 1992
[26] P., Raumonen, M., Åkerblom, M., Kaasalainen, E., Casella, K., Calders, & S., Murphy. (2015). Massive-scale tree modelling from TLS data. ISPRS Annals of Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing & Spatial Information Sciences, 2015, 2.
[27] P. W., West. Tree and Forest Measurement, 2nd edition DOI: 10.1007/978–3–540–95966–3–3Springer – Verlag, Berlin Heidelberg. 2009
[28] P. W., West. Stem Diameter. In Tree and Forest Measurement (pp. 11-18). Springer, Cham. 2015
[29] D. Batcher. How to Measure Tree Canopy. .how Contributor Available @ http://www.e.how.com Retrieved 26thFebuary, 2016.
[30] M. B., Abdullahi, S. S., Sanusi, S. D., Abdul, B. J. and Sawa. An assessment of the herbaceous species vegetation of Yankari game reserve, Bauchi, Nigeria. Journal of Agriculture and EnvironmentalScience.,6: 2009, 20 – 25.
[31] A. D., Isah, M. Audu, and B. Ahmad. Soil Status of Kalgo Forest Reserve in North-Western Nigeria. International Journal of Engineering and Science. Vol. (3) Pp, 29-34. 2014, 2319- 1813.
[32] Giliba, R. A., Boon, E. K., Kayombo, C. J., Musamba, E. B., Kashindye, A. M., & Shayo, P. F. (2011). Species composition, richness and diversity in Miombo woodland of Bereku Forest Reserve, Tanzania. Journal of Biodiversity, 2(1), 1-7.
[33] C. Fischer, C. Kleinn, L. Fehrmann, H. Fuchs, & O. Panferov. A national level forest resource assessment for Burkina Faso–A field based forest inventory in a semiarid environment combining small sample size with large observation plots. Forest Ecology and Management, 262(8), 2011, 1532- 1540.
[34] R. Heyer, M. A., Donnelly, M. Foster, & R. Mcdiarmid, (Eds.). Measuring and monitoring biological diversity: standard methods for amphibians. Smithsonian Institution. 2014
[35] C. D., Shannon, and W., Weinner. The Mathematical Theory of Communication; In: Imam, T.S. (2012) Application of Biological Diversity Indexing in the Water Quality Monitoring and Pollution Assessment. A Review of Biologyand Environmental Science Journal for Tropics. 2012, 9(2):252:257.
[36] USAID. Nigeria Biodiversity and Tropical Forestry Assessment. Review by United State Agency for International Development. Published by Chemonics International Inc., 2008. Pp. 14.
[37] P.A., Assoka, and S. M., Abubakar. Deforestation in Government Protected Area A Case Falgore Game Reserve Global Journal of Pure And Applied Science. 11(2); 2005, 257- 263
[38] D. U., Danladi. Day to Press Release to Mark World Combat Desertification, 17th June, 2008. African Desertification Control Initiative, South Africa. Available @ http;//www.nomej:desertification.org Retrieved on 17th, March, 2014. 2008
[39] P. C., Mmom, and M. D., Mbee. „?Population Pressure and Forest Resource Depletion in Gele Gele Forest Reserve of Edo State Nigeria?? International Journal of Physical and Human Geography. 2 (1): 2014, 10-21.

Keywords
Woody species, Abundance, Falgore, Composition

Structure Analysis of Wild type HIV-I Proteases

	International Journal of Biotech Trends and Technology (IJBTT)
	© 2016 by IJBTT Journal
	Volume - 6 Issue - 2
	Year of Publication : 2016
	Authors : R. SreeLatha, K. Ramya

Citation

R. SreeLatha, K. Ramya "Structure Analysis of Wild type HIV-I Proteases", International Journal of Biotech Trends and Technology (IJBTT), V6(2): 23-25 Apr - Jun 2016. Published by Seventh Sense Research Group.

Abstract

Understanding the reactivity of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV–1)is an emerging area in the field of drug design. The present article high lights the structure analysis of HIV-1 protease.

References

1. Wlodawer, A., Miller, M., Jaskolski, M., Sathyanarayana, B.K., Baldwin, E., Weber, I.T., Selk, L.M., Clawson, L., Schneider, J., Kent., S.B.H. Science 1989, 245, 616-621.
2. Kramer, R. A.; Schaber, M. D.; Skalka, A. M.; Ganguly, K.; Wong-Staal, F.; Reddy, E. P. HTLV-III gag Protein Is Processed in Yeast Cells by the Virus pol-Protease. Science 1986, 231, 1580-1585`.
3. R. SreeLatha, R. Vijayaraj, E. R. AzhagiyaSingam, K. Chitra and V. Subramanian, “3D-QSAR and Docking Studies on the HEPT Derivatives of HIV-1 Reverse Transcriptase”, Chemical Biology & Drug Design 78 (2011) 418–426. (Camila S, et al., 2004)
4. PDB code Crystal structures of complexes of a peptidic inhibitor with wild-type and two mutant HIV-1 proteases Biochemistry1996.
5. Alexander Wlodawer and Jiri Vondrasek (1998).INHIBITORS OF HIV-1 PROTEASE: A Major Success of Structure-Assisted Drug Design. Annu. Rev. Biophys.Biomol. Struct. 27:249-84
6. P. J. Gane and P. M. Dean, “Recent advances in structurebased rational drug design”, Current Opinion in. Structural Biology, 2000, 10, 401-404. (Marrone TJ, Briggs JM and McCammon ,1997)
7. J. A. EWING, IRWIN D. KUNTZ ... Sons, Inc. J ComputChem 18: 11751189, 1997
8. Wang J, Kollman PA and Kuntz ID Understanding the bacterial polysaccharide antigenicity of Streptococcus 104:203–209,1999
9. Carlson H.A., McCammon J.A. (2000) Accommodating Protein Flexibility inComputational Drug Design. Molecular Pharmacology 57: 213-218
10. Toraskar, Mrunmayee P.. "HIV-1 Protease Inhibitor : A Review", Journal of Pharmacy Research/09746943, 2009 Publication
11. Balakrishnan, M.. "Homology Modeling andDocking Studies Between HIV-1 Protease andBeta Mercapto Ethanol", IUP Journal ofBiotechnology/0973849520091201
12. Udayakumar, R., Kaliyamurthie, K.P., Khanaa, Thooyamani, K.P., Data mining a boon: Predictive system for university topper women in academia, World Applied Sciences Journal, v-29, i-14, pp-86-90, 2014.
13. Lingeswaran, K., Prasad Karamcheti, S.S., Gopikrishnan, M., Ramu, G., Preparation and characterization of chemical bath deposited cds thin film for solar cell, Middle - East Journal of Scientific Research, v-20, i-7, pp-812-814, 2014.
14. Premkumar, S., Ramu, G., Gunasekaran, S., Baskar, D., Solar industrial process heating associated with thermal energy storage for feed water heating, Middle - East Journal of Scientific Research, v-20, i-11, pp-1686-1688, 2014.
15. Gopalakrishnan, K., Sundeep Aanand, J., Udayakumar, R., Electrical properties of doped azopolyester, Middle - East Journal of Scientific Research, v-20, i-11, pp-1402-1412, 2014.
16. Achudhan, M., Prem Jayakumar, M., Mathematical modeling and control of an electrically-heated catalyst, International Journal of Applied Engineering Research, v-9, i-23, pp- 23013-, 2014.
17. Thooyamani, K.P., Khanaa, V., Udayakumar, R., Application of pattern recognition for farsi license plate recognition, Middle - East Journal of Scientific Research, v-18, i-12, pp- 1768-1774, 2013.

Keywords
HIV–1, aspartylprotease.

IJBTT - Volume 14 - Issue 1 - January to April 2024

Towards Coffee Processing by-Products Valorization: Phenolic Compounds and Antioxidant Activity of Spent Coffee Grounds and Coffee Silverskin

	International Journal of Biotech Trends and Technology (IJBTT)
	© 2019 by IJBTT Journal
	Volume - 9 Issue - 2
	Year of Publication : 2019
	Authors : Mariem Saada, Mariam Kasmi , Riadh Ksouri

Citation

MLA Style: Mariem Saada, Mariam Kasmi , Riadh Ksouri "Towards Coffee Processing by-Products Valorization: Phenolic Compounds and Antioxidant Activity of Spent Coffee Grounds and Coffee Silverskin" International Journal of Biotech Trends and Technology 9.2 (2019): 11-15.

APA Style:Mariem Saada, Mariam Kasmi , Riadh Ksouri(2019). Towards Coffee Processing by-Products Valorization: Phenolic Compounds and Antioxidant Activity of Spent Coffee Grounds and Coffee Silverskin International Journal of Biotech Trends and Technology, 9(2), 11-15.

Abstract

Coffee processing byproducts are studied in this work for their valuable components. Spent coffee grounds (SCG) and coffee silverskin (CSS) from Coffea arabica species were investigated for the determination of ethanol/water extracts bioactive molecules of interest. Phenolic compounds evaluation revealed that SCG enclose important amounts of polyphenols (8.425 mg GAE.g-1 DW) and flavonoids (2.801 mg CE.g-1 DW). Nevertheless, the highest levels of tannin (3.45 mg CE.g-1 DW) were obtained with CSS. The total antioxidant activity of SCG was equal to 8.267 mg GAE.g-1 DW, the DPPH test showed an IC50 value of 18 ?g.ml-1 and the inhibition of ?-carotene bleaching of IC50 was 600 ?g.ml-1. While, the CSS showed better reducing power with an IC50 value of 120 ?g.ml-1. Therefore, SCG proved to be more interesting than CSS regarding its antioxidant potentiality and its richness in phenolic compounds to be incorporated as food or therapeutic additive.

References

[1] H. Wangensteen, A. Samuelsen and K. Malterud, Antioxidant activity in extracts from coriander. Food Chem, Vol.88 pp.293-297, 2004.
[2] M. Suhaj, Spice antioxidants isolation and their antiradical activity: a review. J Food Compos Anal, vol. 19: pp. 531-537, 2006.
[3] A. Mariod, et al., Antioxidant activities of phenolic rich fractions (PRFs) obtained from black mahlab (Monechma ciliatum) and white mahlab (Prunus mahaleb) seedcakes. . Food Chem vol. 118: pp. 120-127, 2010.
[4] A. Akinmoladun, et al., Chemical constituents and antioxidant activity of Alstonia boonei. Afr J Biotechnol vol. 6 pp. 1197-1201, 2007.
[5] S.I. Mussatto, et al., Extraction of antioxidant phenolic compounds from spent coffee grounds. Separation and Purification Technology vol. 83(Supplement C): p. 173-179, 2011.
[6] S.I. Mussatto, S.I., et al., Production, composition, and application of coffee and its industrial residues. . Food Bioprocess Technol. vol 4, pp. 661-672, 2011.
[7] P.S. Murthy and M. Madhava Naidu, Sustainable management of coffee industry by-products and value addition—A review. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, vol. 66(Supplement C) pp. 45-58, 2012.
[8] ICO (2017) Coffee production. Accessed on [12/01/2018]; Available from: www.ico.org.
[9] B. Janissen, and T. Huynh, Chemical composition and value-adding applications of coffee industry by-products: A review. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 2018. 128(Supplement C): p. 110-117.
[10] V. Dewanto et al., Thermal processing enhances the nutritional value of tomatoes by increasing total antioxidant activity. J Agric Food Chem, vol. 50(10), pp. 3010-3014, 2002.
[11] J. Zhishen, T. Mengcheng, and W. Jianming, The determination of flavonoid contents in mulberry and their scavenging effects on superoxide radicals. Food Chemistry, vol. 64(4), pp. 555-559, 1999
[12] B. Sun, J.M. Ricardo-da-Silva, and I. Spranger, Critical Factors of Vanillin Assay for Catechins and Proanthocyanidins. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, vol.46 (10), pp. 4267-4274, 1998.
[13] M. Saada, et al., Antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of fractions and their related bioactive molecules identification by GC/MS and HPLC. Research Journal of Recent Sciences, vol. 7(5): pp. 2-9, 2018.
[14] P. Prieto, M. Pineda, and M. Aguilar, Spectrophotometric Quantitation of Antioxidant Capacity through the Formation of a Phosphomolybdenum Complex: Specific Application to the Determination of Vitamin E. Analytical Biochemistry, vol. 269(2), pp. 337-341, 1999.
[15] T. Hatano, et al., Two new flavonoids and other constituents in licorice root: their relative astringency and radical scavenging effects. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo), vol. 36 (6): pp. 2090-2097, 1988.
[16] M. Oyaizu, Studies on products of browning reaction--antioxidative activities of products of browning reaction prepared from glucosamine Jpn J Nutr, vol. 44(6): pp. 307-315. 1986.
[17] II. Koleva, et al., Screening of plant extracts for antioxidant activity: a comparative study on three testing methods. Phytochem Anal, vol. 13(1), pp. 8-17, 2002
[18] L. Regazzoni, et al., Coffee silver skin as a source of polyphenols: High resolution mass spectrometric profiling of components and antioxidant activity. Journal of Functional Foods, vol. 20 (Supplement C), pp. 472-485. 2016.
[19] L.M.Pérez-Hernández, et al., Phenolic Characterization, Melanoidins, and Antioxidant Activity of Some Commercial Coffees from Coffea arabica and Coffea canephora. J. Mex. Chem. Soc. vol. 56(4), pp. 430-435, 2012.
[20] E. Cie?lik, A. Gr?da, and W. Adamus, Contents of polyphenols in fruit and vegetables. Food Chemistry, vol. 94(1), pp. 135-142, 2006.
[21] S. Gorinstein, S., et al., Comparative content of total polyphenols and dietary fiber in tropical fruits and persimmon. J Nutr Biochem, vol. 10(6), pp. 367-371, 1999.
[22] M.N. Clifford and J.R. Ramirez-Martinez, Tannins in wet-processed coffee beans and coffee pulp. Food Chemistry, vol. 40(2): p. 191-200, 1991.
[23] J. Peterson, et al., Major flavonoids in dry tea. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis, vol. 18(6), pp. 487-501. 2005.
[24] J.A. Vignoli, D.G. Bassoli, and M.T. Benassi, Antioxidant activity, polyphenols, caffeine and melanoidins in soluble coffee: The influence of processing conditions and raw material. Food Chemistry, vol. 124(3), pp. 863-868, 2011.
[25] F. Sharififar, G. Dehghn-Nudeh, and M. Mirtajaldini, Major flavonoids with antioxidant activity from Teucrium polium L. Food Chemistry, vol. 112(4), pp. 885-888. , 2009.
[26] V. Bondet, W. Brand-Williams, and C. Berset, Kinetics and Mechanisms of Antioxidant Activity using the DPPH.Free Radical Method. LWT - Food Science and Technology, vol. 30(6), pp. 609-615, 1997.
[27] R. Ksouri, et al., Antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of the edible medicinal halophyte Tamarix gallica L. and related polyphenolic constituents. Food Chem Toxicol, vol 47(8), pp. 2083-2091, 2009.
[28] C.M. Liyana-Pathirana, and F. Shahidi, Antioxidant properties of commercial soft and hard winter wheats (Triticum aestivum L.) and their milling fractions. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, vol. 86(3), pp. 477-485. 2006.
[29] D. Ferreira, and D. Slade, Oligomeric proanthocyanidins: naturally occurring O-heterocycles. Natural Product Reports, vol. 19(5), pp. 517-541, 2002.
[30] D. Huang, B. Ou, and R.L. Prior, The chemistry behind antioxidant capacity assays. J Agric Food Chem, vol. 53(6), pp. 1841-1856, 2005.

Keywords
Spent coffee grounds, Coffee silverskin, Valorization, Phenolic compounds, Antioxidant activity

Kinetic study of Oxidation of n-methyl - 2,6-diphynyl – piperidin-4-one Oxime [NMPO] - effect of varying sodium Per chlorate effect of ionic strength(NaClO4) - 94 %

	International Journal of Biotech Trends and Technology (IJBTT)
	© 2016 by IJBTT Journal
	Volume - 6 Issue - 2
	Year of Publication : 2016
	Authors : R.Kalpana Devi, G.Mathubala

Citation

R.Kalpana Devi, G.Mathubala "Kinetic study of Oxidation of n-methyl - 2,6-diphynyl – piperidin-4-one Oxime [NMPO] - effect of varying sodium Per chlorate effect of ionic strength(NaClO4) - 94 %", International Journal of Biotech Trends and Technology (IJBTT), V6(2): 18-22 Apr - Jun 2016, Published by Seventh Sense Research Group.

Abstract

PCC and N-methyl -2,6-diphynyl – piperidin-4-One Oxime were prepared , PCC by the method of Corey and Suggs. Then acetic acid was purified. Other reagents such asAnalar samples of Sodium Perchlorate and Trichloroacetic acid was used as such. Doubly distilled water was used throughout. The purity of PCC was checked by estimating Cr(IV) iodometrically . The reaction was done at constant temperature (± 0.10 C) and was followed iodometrically. The liberalized iodine was titrated against standardized sodium thiosulphate . The titration was repeated for the subsequent intervals of time The first order rate constant was found from the slope of the log litre plots by least square method. First kinetic study of oxidation of Nmethyl -2,6-diphynyl – piperidin-4-one oxime [NMPO] - by varying the concentration of the Sodium Perchlorate . (NaClO4).

References

[1] E.J.Corey and Willian Suggs , Ibid., p.-2647 , year - 1975
[2] H.C.Brown , C.Gundurao and S.V.Kulkarni , J.Org.Chem., p.-44 , year- 1978
[3] Ilayaraja, K., Ambica, A., Spatial distribution of groundwater quality between injambakkam-thiruvanmyiur areas, south east coast of India, Nature Environment and Pollution Technology, v-14, i-4, pp-771-776, 2015.
[4] Gopinath, S., Sundararaj, M., Elangovan, S., Rathakrishnan, E., Mixing characteristics of elliptical and rectangular subsonic jets with swirling co-flow, International Journal of Turbo and Jet Engines, v-32, i-1, pp-73-83, 2015.
[5] Kerana Hanirex, D., Kaliyamurthie, K.P., Kumaravel, A., Analysis of improved tdtr algorithm for mining frequent itemsets using dengue virus type 1 dataset: A combined approach, International Journal of Pharma and Bio Sciences, v-6, i-2, pp-B288-B295, 2015.
[6] Thooyamani, K.P., Khanaa, V., Udayakumar, R., Efficiently measuring denial of service attacks using appropriate metrics, Middle - East Journal of Scientific Research, v-20, i-12, pp-2464-2470, 2014.
[7] Thooyamani, K.P., Khanaa, V., Udayakumar, R., Using integrated circuits with low power multi bit flip-flops in different approch, Middle - East Journal of Scientific Research, v-20, i-12, pp-2586-2593, 2014.
[8] Lingeswaran, K., Prasad Karamcheti, S.S., Gopikrishnan, M., Ramu, G., Preparation and characterization of chemical bath deposited cds thin film for solar cell, Middle - East Journal of Scientific Research, v-20, i-7, pp-812- 814, 2014.
[9] Thooyamani, K.P., Khanaa, V., Udayakumar, R., Application of pattern recognition for farsi license plate recognition, Middle - East Journal of Scientific Research, v-18, i-12, pp-1768-1774, 2013.
[10] K.B.Wiberg and S.K.Mukherjee , J.Am.Chem., Soc., vol.- 93 , p.-2543 , year - 1973
[11] K.K.Banarji,J,Chem., Res.(S) ., p.-193, year - 1978
[12] K.K.Banerjii , J.Chem.Soc., Perkin Trans II , p.-639 , year – 1978
[13] Thooyamani, K.P., Khanaa, V., Udayakumar, R., Partial encryption and partial inference control based disclosure in effective cost cloud, Middle - East Journal of Scientific Research, v-20, i-12, pp-2456-2459, 2014.
[14] Thooyamani, K.P., Khanaa, V., Udayakumar, R., Virtual instrumentation based process of agriculture by automation, Middle - East Journal of Scientific Research, v-20, i-12, pp-2604-2612, 2014.
[15] Sundar Raj, M., Saravanan, T., Srinivasan, V., Design of silicon-carbide based cascaded multilevel inverter, Middle - East Journal of Scientific Research, v-20, i-12, pp-1785- 1791, 2014.
[16] Thooyamani, K.P., Khanaa, V., Udayakumar, R., Wide area wireless networks-IETF, Middle - East Journal of Scientific Research, v-20, i-12, pp-2042-2046, 2014.
[17] Udayakumar, R., Kaliyamurthie, K.P., Khanaa, Thooyamani, K.P., Data mining a boon: Predictive system for university topper women in academia, World Applied Sciences Journal, v-29, i-14, pp-86-90, 2014.
[18] N.C.Deno and M.S.Newman , J.Am.Chem.Soc., vol.-72, p.-3852 , year - 1950
[19] G.P.Panigrahi and D.D.mahapatro , Int. .Chem., Kinet., vol.- 13 , p.85 , year - (1981
[20] G.P.Panigrahi and D.D.mahapatro , Int. J.Chem., Kinet., vol. -90 , p.927, year - 1982
[21] Mohammed Shamin Akhtar , Manjuseth and Amiya Prasad Bhaduri , J.Heterocyclic Chem., vol. -22 , p. -1323 , year – 1985
[22] Premkumar, S., Ramu, G., Gunasekaran, S., Baskar, D., Solar industrial process heating associated with thermal energy storage for feed water heating, Middle - East Journal of Scientific Research, v-20, i-11, pp-1686-1688, 2014.
[23] Gopalakrishnan, K., Sundeep Aanand, J., Udayakumar, R., Electrical properties of doped azopolyester, Middle - East Journal of Scientific Research, v-20, i-11, pp-1402-1412, 2014.
[24] Achudhan, M., Prem Jayakumar, M., Mathematical modeling and control of an electrically-heated catalyst, International Journal of Applied Engineering Research, v- 9, i-23, pp-23013-, 2014.
[25] K.R.Rajasekaran , T.baskaran and C,gnanasekaran , Perkin Trans II . year -1983 (1984)
[26] K.K.Banerji , Indian J.Chem., vol. - 22B , 413 , year- 1983
[27] K.K.Banerji , Indian J.Chem., vol. -22B , p.-650 , year- 1983

Keywords
N-methyl -2,6-diphynyl – piperidin-4-one oxime ,Kinetic study ,oxidant , rate constant , slope , least square method.

IJBTT - Volume 14 - Issue 2 - May to August 2024

Effectiveness of Bacillus subtilis Bacteria as a Total Organic Matter Reducer in Catfish Pond (Clariasgariepinus) Cultivation

	International Journal of Biotech Trends and Technology (IJBTT)
	© 2019 by IJBTT Journal
	Volume - 9 Issue - 2
	Year of Publication : 2019
	Authors : Sri Intan Anggraini , Diana Arfiati , Happy Nursyam
	DOI :  10.14445/22490183/IJBTT-V9I2P602

Citation

MLA Style: Sri Intan Anggraini , Diana Arfiati , Happy Nursyam "Effectiveness of Bacillus subtilis Bacteria as a Total Organic Matter Reducer in Catfish Pond (Clariasgariepinus) Cultivation" International Journal of Biotech Trends and Technology 9.2 (2019): 7-10.

APA Style:Sri Intan Anggraini , Diana Arfiati , Happy Nursyam (2019). Effectiveness of Bacillus subtilis Bacteria as a Total Organic Matter Reducer in Catfish Pond (Clariasgariepinus) Cultivation. International Journal of Biotech Trends and Technology, 9(2), 7-10.

Abstract

Catfish cultivation produces aquaculture wastes containing organic matter. Organic material is a collection of complex organic compounds that have undergone a process of decomposition by decomposers, both in the form of humus and mineralized inorganic compounds. To reduce the water of organic material in catfish (Clariasgariepinus) maintenance media and aquaculture ponds, a technology for cultivation management are needed, one of these technologies is bioremediation using Bacillus subtilis as bioremediation. This study aims to determine and analyze the potential of Bacillus subtilis in reducing levels of TOM (Total Organic Matter) in vitro and in vivo. This research was conducted in February 2019 at the UB MIPA FMIPA Laboratory (in vitro) and in the catfish pond UPT PTPBP2KP Kepanjen (in vivo). The study used a factorial complete randomized design (Factorial RAL) with the addition of Bacillus subtilisfour treatments (K = Control, D1 = 100 ml, D2 = 10 ml and D3 = 1 ml) at 24th, 48th, 72nd, 96th and 120thhours, consisting of three replications. The results obtained from this study indicate that TOM concentrations in treatments D1, D2 and D3 were lower than controls. This shows that Bacillus subtilis can reduce TOM from catfish ponds. The best treatment was found in W5D2 treatment as bioremediation of catfish organic pond water with the remaining TOM 16.23% with an efficiency value of 84%. The results of this study were also supported by measurements of water quality namely dissolved oxygen ranging from 1.83 - 3.50 mg/L, pH ranged from 6.8 to 7.6, temperatures ranged from 270C -280C and ammonia ranged from 0.29 -2.90 mg/L.

References

[1] Avnimelech Y., Noam Mozes, “Rates of Organic Carbon and Nitrogen Degradation in Intensive Fish Ponds,” Aquaculture, vol. 134, pp. 211–216, 1995.
[2] A. W. Arfiati, D., Putra, C.D.G., Tullah, A.H., Permanasari, S.W.A., dan Puspitasari, “The Dynamics of Total Organic Matter (TOM) on Sangkuriang Catfish Farming at UPT PTPBP2KP and the Effectiveness of Freshwater Bivalve (Anodontawoodiana) in Reducing the Total Organic Matter with Varying Density.,” incofims, 2018.
[3] L. O. A. Afu, “Pengaruh Air Kolam Organik terhadap Kualitas Perairan Teluk Kendari Sulawesi Tenggara,” Institut Pertanian Bogor, 2005.
[4] Y. Zhao, S., Hu, N., Chen, Z., Zhao, B., and Liang, “Bioremediation of Reclaimed Wastewater Used as Landscape Water by Using the Denitrifying Bacterium Bacillus cereus,” Springer Sci. Bus. Media., 2009.
[5] T. Susana, “Tingkat Keasaman (pH) dan Oksigen Terlarut Sebagai Indikator Kualitas Perairan Sekitar Muara Sungai Cisadane. Jurnal Teknologi Lingkungan.,” vol. 5(2) ., p. : 33 – 39, 2009.
[6] Y. Fitria, Pembuatan Pupuk Organik Cair dari Limbah Cair Industri Perikanan Menggunakan Asam Asetat dan EM4 (Effective Microorganism 4). Bogor, 2008.
[7] M. N. N. W. 2014. Putra, S. J. W., “Analisis Hubungan Bahan Organik Dengan Total Bakteri Pada Tambak Udang Intensif Sistem Semibioflok di BBPBAP Jepara,” J. Maquares, vol. Vol. 3 (3), pp. 121–129, 2014.
[8] Amelia A.R, “Analisa Pertumbuhan Populasi Mikroba EM-4 dan Kualitas Air Pada Media Pemeliharaan Ikan Mas koki (Carassiusauratus).,” Universitas Sriwijaya, 2009.

Keywords
Bioremediation, Bacillus subtilis, TOM, DO, pH, Temperature, Ammonia.

Biosorption of Thymol Blue in Waste Water using Activated Carbon of Cynodon Dactylon

	International Journal of Biotech Trends and Technology (IJBTT)
	© 2016 by IJBTT Journal
	Volume - 6 Issue - 2
	Year of Publication : 2016
	Authors : Dr.V.Krishnasamy, G.Mathubala

Citation

Dr.V.Krishnasamy, G.Mathubala "Biosorption of Thymol Blue in Waste Water using Activated Carbon of Cynodon Dactylon", International Journal of Biotech Trends and Technology (IJBTT), V6(2): 9-17 Apr - Jun 2016, Published by Seventh Sense Research Group.

Abstract

The presence of dye effluents in surface water is becoming a severe environmental and public health problem. Biosorption is potentially an attractive technology for treatment of wastewater for removing color constituents, heavy metal, etc., from industrial wastewater. Natural plant materials and agricultural wastes are applied in Biosorption technology to remove color constituents from aqueous media. They offer an efficient and cost-effective alternative to traditional chemical and physical remediation and decontamination techniques. In this project we use Cynodon dactylon (Arugampul) to remove Thymol blue.

References

1. Harlan, J.R. 1970. Cynodon species and their value for grazing and hay. Herbage Abstr. 40:233-239.
2. Gibbs Russell, G., L. Watson, M. Koekemore, L. Smook, N. Barker, H. Anderson, and M. Dallwitz. 1955. Grasses of southern Africa. Memoirs of the Botanical Survey of South Africa No.58. 437 pp.
3. Santos, A. and S. Boechat. 1994. Cynodon (Poaceae, Chloridoideae) in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Iheringia Serie Botanica. 44: 85-102.
4. Stromberg, J. 1995. Exotic herbaceous species in Arizona`s riparian ecosystems. pp.45-57. In Brock, et al. (eds.). Plant invasions: Studies from North America and Europe. Backhuys Publishers, Leiden, The Netherlands. 223 pp.
5. Thomasson, M. and G. Theodore. 1997. The vegetation of the recent soils in southwestern Madagascar (example of Tulear): IV. The psammophilous series. Acta Botanica Gallica. 144:195-208.
6. Toth, T., M. Kertesz, L. Catasus Guerra, J. Labrada Labrada, B. Perez Machado, P. Castillo Fonseca, and M. Nieto Martinez. 1997. Plant composition of a pasture as a predictor of soil salinity. Revista de Biologia Tropical, 45: 1385-1393.
7. Arnow, L. 1987. Gramineae. pp.684-788. In Welsh et al. A Utah flora. Great Basin Naturalist Memoirs 9:1-894.
8. Dr. K. M. Nadkarni`s Indian Materia Medica, Volume 1, Edited by A. K. Nadkarni, Popular Prakashan, Bombay, 1976, pp. 425-6.
9. Duke, J.A. and Wain, K.K. 1981. Medicinal plants of the world. Computer index with more than 85,000 entries. 3 vols.
10. Lewis, W.H. and Elvin-Lewis, M.P.F. 1977. Medical botany. John Wiley & Sons, New York.
11. Degener, O. 1957-1963. Flora Hawaiiensis or The new illustrated flora of the Hawaiian Islands. Book 6. USA.
12. Miller, D.F. 1958. Composition of cereal grains and forages. National Academy of Sciences, National Research Council, Washington, DC. Publ. 585.
13. Watt, J.M. and Breyer-Brandwijk, M.G. 1962. The medicinal and poisonous plants of southern and eastern Africa. 2nd ed. E.&S. Livingstone, Ltd., Edinburgh and London.
14. J.Y. Farah; N.Sh. El-Gendy; L.A. Farahat, “Biosorption of Astrazone Blue basic dye from an aqueous solution using dried biomass of Baker`s yeast”, Journal of Hazardous Materials (September 2007), 148 (1-2), pg. 402-408.
15. P.A.R.K. Raju, K. VarahalaRaju, M.S.R. Reddy, K. Swami, and S. Prasanthi, “Bio remediation of the Dyes in the Effluent Water with a Probiotics Saccharomyces Cerevisiae”, Vol-I, ISSUE-XIII, [February 2012].
16. Ganapaty Alagumuthu, Vellaisamy , Veeraputhiran , Ramaswamy , Venkataraman, “fluoride sorption using cynodon dactylon-based activated carbon”, Hem. ind. 65 (1) 23–35 (2011).

Keywords
Effluents, Biosorption , aqueous media , remediation, decontamination , Cynodon dactylon (Arugampul).

IJBTT - Volume 14 - Issue 3 - September to December 2024

IJBTT - Volume 9 - Issue 2 - 2019

Microcystins: An Emerging Biomarker and Toxicity Prediction in Human and Animal

	International Journal of Biotech Trends and Technology (IJBTT)
	© 2016 by IJBTT Journal
	Volume - 6 Issue - 2
	Year of Publication : 2016
	Authors : Kailash Prasad Jaiswal, A.S. Yadav, Ragini Gothalwal

Citation

Kailash Prasad Jaiswal, A.S. Yadav, Ragini Gothalwal "Microcystins: An Emerging Biomarker and Toxicity Prediction in Human and Animal", International Journal of Biotech Trends and Technology (IJBTT), V6(2): 1-8 Apr - Jun 2016, Published by Seventh Sense Research Group.

Abstract

Microcystins (MCs) are cyanotoxins produced mainly by the Microcystis species and are reported to be hepatotoxic. The toxicity on exposure to MCs was reported worldwide in fish, animals and in humans for over a century. The findings of investigation revealed that about 100 known variants of MCs till date and of them the most toxic and widely distributed MC is Microcystin-LR (MCLR). Epidemiological studies is linked the exposure to MCs (MC-LR) with high incidence of liver cancer (hepatotoxic) and a potent tumour promoter. The microcystins biomarker for microcystins toxicity prediction in human domestic and wild animal has been reported to detect MCs toxicity. The biomarkers for biochemical alterations in the human and animal cells also suggests tools to be develop, validate existing methods to detect MCs and its biomarkers in body fluids of living beings. The microcystin toxin, biotransformation and oxidative stress parameters have been most extensively investigated. The present review deals with the emerging use of MCs as Biomarkers for toxicity prediction and recent development in this area.

References

[1] Al-layl, K. and Mutwally, H., 2015. Chemical and quantitive study of hepatotoxins from fresh water cyanobacteria on vertebrate animals. African J Biotech. ,4,29, 2314-2320.DOI:10.5897.
[2] Ame, M.V.; Baroni, M.V.; Galanti, L.N.; Bocco, J.L.; Wunderlin, D.A. 2009. Effects of microcystin- LR on the expression of P-glycoprotein in Jenynsia multidentata. Chemosphere, 74, 1179-1186.
[3] Boekelheide, K. and Schuppe-Koistinen, I. 2012. Biomarkers from blood and urine will replace traditional histopathological evaluation to determine adverse responses. Toxicol Sci 129, 249-255.
[4] Bruno Reis 1, Mariana Carneiro 1, João Machado 1, Joana Azevedo 1, Vitor Vasconcelos 1,2 and José Carlos Martin, 2015.Transcriptional Responses of lutathione Transferase Genes in Ruditapes philippinarum Exposed to Microcystin-LR. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 16, 8397-8414; doi:10.3390.
[5] Bushel, P.R., Heinloth, A.N., Li, J., 2007. Blood gene expression signatures predict exposure levels. Proc Natl Acad Sci. 104: 18211-18216.
[6] Butler Ned, James C. Carlisle, D.V.M. Regina Linville, Barbara Washburn, 2009. Microcystins: A brief overview of their toxicity and effects, with special reference to fish, wildlife, and livestock. OEHHA Ecotoxico.,71-17.
[7] Campos Alexandre and Vitor Vasconcelos.2010.Molecular mechanism of Microcystin toxicity in Animal Cells. Int. J. Mol. Sci.,11,268-287.
[8] Carmichael, W.W., 1994. The toxins of cyanobacteria. Sci. Am. 270 1, 78–86.
[9] Chen, L.; Zhang, X.; Zhou, W.; Qiao, Q.; Liang, H.; Li, G.; Wang, J.; Cai, F. 2013. The Interactive effects of cytoskeleton disruption and mitochondria dysfunction lead to reproductive toxicity induced by microcystin-LR. PLoS One, 8, e53949.
[10] Chen, X., Ba, Y., Ma, L., 2009. Characterization of microRNAs in serum: a novel class of biomarkers for diagnosis of cancer and other diseases. Cell Res. 18: 997- 1006.
[11] Cheng, 2010., “Identification of glia maturation factor beta as an independent prognostic predictor for serous ovarian cancer,” European J Cancer, 46,11, 2104–2118.
[12] Dias, E.; Andrade, M.; Alverca, E.; Pereria, P.; Batoréu, M.C.; Jordan, P.; Silva, M.J . 2009. Comparative study of the cytotoxic effect of microcystin-LR and purified extracts from Microcystis aeruginosa on a kidney cell line. Toxicon, 53, 487–495.
[13] EPA,2015. Health Advisories for Cyanotoxins, Lesley D’Anglada Health and Ecological Criteria Division Office of Science and Technology Office of Water.
[14] Feurstein, D.; Stemmer, K.; Kleinteich, J.; Speicher, T.; Dietrich, D.R. 2011. Microcystin congener- and concentration-dependent induction of murine neuron apoptosis and neurite degeneration. Toxicol. Sci., 124, 424–431.
[15] Figueira, E.; Freitas, R.,2013. Consumption of Ruditapes philippinarum and Ruditapes decussatus: Comparison of element accumulation and health risk. Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res., 20, 5682–5691.
[16] Florczyk, P Brzuzan, J Krom, M Wo zny and A ?akomiak, 2015. miR-122-5p as a plasma biomarker of liver injury in fish exposed to microcystin-LR, Journal of Fish Diseases, doi:10.1111/jfd.12406.
[17] Fuhrer T, Zamboni N, 2015. High-throughput discovery metabolomics. Curr Opin Biotechnol 31:73–78 [18] Funari E, Testai E. 2008. Human health risk assessment related to cyanotoxins exposure. Critical Rev Toxicol.38:97-125.
[19] Gaudin, J.; Le Hegarat, L.; Nesslany, F.; Marzin, D.; Fessard, V. 2008. In vivo genotoxic potential of microcystin-LR: A cyanobacterial toxin, in investigated both by the unscheduled DNA synthesis (UDS) and the comet assays after intravenous administration. Environ. Toxicol., 24, 200–209.
[20] Giannuzzi Leda ,, Daniela Sedan 1, Ricardo Echenique 2 and Dario Andrinolo , 2011. An Acute Case of Intoxication with Cyanobacteria and Cyanotoxins in Recreational Water in Salto Grande Dam, Argentina, Mar. Drugs, 9, 2164-2175; doi:10.3390.
[21] Guangyu Li1, Wei Yan2, Yao Dang1, Jing Li1, Chunsheng Liu1 & Jianghua Wang, 2015.The role of calcineurin signaling in microcystin-LR triggered neuronal toxicity, Scientific Reports, 5,11271.
[22] Hu Zhang-Zhi, Hongzhan Huang, Cathy H. Wu, Mira Jung, Anatoly Dritschilo, Anna T. Riegel, and Anton Wellstein, 2011. Omics-Based Molecular Target and Biomarker Identification, Methods Mol Biol. , 719: 547–571. doi:10.1007.
[23] Huguet, A.; Henri, J.; Petitpas, M.; Hogeveen, K.; Fessard, V. 2013. Comparative cytotoxicity, oxidative stress, and cytokine secretion induced by two cyanotoxin variants, microcystin LR and RR, in human intestinal Caco-2 cells. J. Biochem. Mol. Toxicol., 27, 253–258.
[24] Juhel Guillaume, Ruth M. Ramsay, John Davenport, John & O`Halloran and Sarah C. Culloty, 2015. Effect of the Microcystin-Producing Cyanobacterium, Microcystis aeruginosa, on Immune Functions of the Zebra Mussel Dreissena polymorpha, Journal of Shellfish Research, 34, 2, 433–442.
[25] Kozlowsky-Suzuki, B.; Wilson, A.; Ferrão-Filho, A.S. 2011. Biomagnification or biodilution of microcystins in aquatic food webs? Meta-analyses of laboratory and field studies. Harmful Algae.2,3,223-230.
[26] Krakstad, C.; Herfindal, L.; Gjertsen, B.T.; Boe, R.; Vintermyr, O.K.; Fladmark, K.E.; Doskeland, S.O. 2006. CaM-kinaseII-dependent commitment to microcystininduced apoptosis is coupled to cell budding, but not to shrinkage or chromatin hypercondensation. Cell Death Differ., 13, 1191-1202.
[27] Kujbida, P.; Hatanaka, E.; Campa, A.; Curi, R.; Farsky, S.H.P.; Pinto, E. 2008. Analysis of chemokines and reactive oxygen species formation by rat and human neutrophils induced by microcystin-LA, -YR and -LR. Toxicon, 51, 1274-1280.
[28] Kujbida, P.; Hatanaka, E.; Vinolo, M.A.; Waismam, K.; Cavalcanti, D.M.; Curi, R.; Farsky, S.H.; Pinto, E. 2009. Microcystins -LA, -YR, and -LR Action On Neutrophil Migration. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 382, 9-14.
[29] Lande V.W., Lalita N. Sangolkar, N.C. Kankal, 2015. Studies on cultural aspects and acute toxicity of microcysta aruginosa , Anbena variables and circilanis to daphniad. Journal of Global Bioscience,4,3, 1758-1767.
[30] Li Y, Zhang HZ. 2015.Effects of MC-LR on ROS level in human bronchial epithelia cells and Chinese hamster ovary cells. Life Sci J;12,5,170-173.
[31] Li, M.; Satinover, D.L.; Brautigan, D.L. 2007. Phosphorylation and functions of inhibitor-2 family of proteins. Biochemistry, 46, 2380-2389.
[32] Li, T., Huang, P., Liang, J., Fu, W., Guo, Z., Xu, L., 2011. Microcystin-LR (MCLR) induces a compensation of PP2A activity mediated by alpha4 protein in HEK293 cells. Int. J. Biol. Sci. 7, 740–752.
[33] MDH, 2015. Toxicological Summary for: Microcystin-LR, Unit, Environmental Health Division. 651-201-4899.
[34] Nicholson, B.C.; Burch, M.D. Evaluation of Analytical Methods for Detection and Quantification of Cyanotoxins in Relation to Australian Drinking Water Guidelines; 2011.The National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia; The Water Services Association of Australia; The Cooperative Research Centre for Water Quality and Treatment: Canberra, Australia,.
[35].Ostermaier V, Schanz F, Köster O, Kurmayer R 2012. Stability of toxin gene proportion in red-pigmented populations of the cyanobacterium Planktothrix during 29 years of re-oligotrophication of Lake Zurich. BMC Biol 10: 100. doi:10.1186.
[36] Posch T, Köster O, Salcher MM, Pernthaler J, 2012. Harmful filamentous cyanobacteria favoured by reduced water turnover with lake warming. Nat Clim Chang 2: 809–813. doi:10.1038/nclimate1581.
[37] Prieto, A.I.; Jos, A.; Pichardo, S.; Moreno, I.; Cameán, A.M. 2006.Differential oxidative stress responses to microcystins LR and RR in intraperitoneally exposed tilapia fish (Oreochromis sp.). Aquat. Toxicol., 77, 314– 321.
[38] Reem M. Sallam, 2015. Proteomics in Cancer Biomarkers Discovery: Challenges and Applications, Disease Markers, 2015, , 12,/321-370.
[39] Roque, D. M. , N. Buza, M. Glasgow , 2014. “Class III betatubulin overexpression within the tumor microenvironment is a prognostic biomarker for poor overall survival in ovarian cancer patients treated with neoadjuvant carboplatin/paclitaxel,” Clinical and Experimental Metastasis, 31, 1, 101–110.
[40] Sedan Daniela , Leda Giannuzzi, Lorena Rosso b, Carlos Alberto Marra c, Darío Andrinolo, 2013.Biomarkers of prolonged exposure to microcystin-LR in mice, Toxicon. 68, 9–17.
[41] Shi Jun, Jie Zhou, and Min Zhang, 2015. Microcystins Induces Vascular Inflammation in Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells via Activation of NF-B. Mediaton. Inflammation, http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/942159.
[42] Shimizu Kumiko , Tomoharu Sano, Reiji Kubota, Norihiro Kobayashi , Maiko Tahara , Tomoko Obama , Naoki Sugimoto3, Tetsuji Nishimura4 and Yoshiaki Ikarashi, 2014 Effects of the Amino Acid Constituents of Microcystin Variants on Cytotoxicity to Primary Cultured Rat Hepatocytes. Toxins, 6, 168-179.
[43] Sonia R., Ramanibai R., 2015. Effect of Microcystin on Hepatotoxicity of Molly Fish (Poecilia sphenops), Int. J Innovative Res in Scie, Eng. and Tech.,4, 097-100.
[44] Sun, Y., Liu, J.H., Huang, P., Guo, Z.L., Xu, L.H., 2015. Alterations of tau and VASP during microcystin-LRinduced cytoskeletal reorganization in a human liver cell line. Environ. Toxicol. 30, 92–100.
[45] Sun, Y., Zheng, Q., Sun, Y.T., Huang, P., Guo, Z.L., Xu, L.H., 2014. Microcystin-LR induces protein phosphatase 2A alteration in a human liver cell line. Environ. Toxicol. 29, 1236–1244.
[46] Tsigou, E., Psallida, V., Demponeras, C., Boutzouka, E., and Baltopoulos, G., 2013. Role of new biomarkers: functional and structural damage. Crit Care Res Pract.: 361078.
[47] Wei, Y.; Weng, D.; Li, F.; Zou, X.; Young, D.O.; Ji, J.; Shen, P. 2008. Involvement of JNK regulation in oxidative stress-mediated murine liver injury by microcystin-LR. Apoptosis, 13, 1031-1042
[48] Weng, D.; Lu, Y.; Wei, Y.; Liu, Y.; Shen, P. 2007. The role of ROS in microcystin-LR-induced hepatocyte apoptosis and liver injury in mice. Toxicology, 232, 15 23.
[49] WHO, 2004. Guidelines for Drinking-water Quality. In: Recommendations Chemical Fact. Sheets, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland,1, 407–408.
[50] Xing, M.L.; Wang, X.F.; Xu, L.H. 2008. Alteration of proteins expression in apoptotic FL cells induced by MCLR. Environ. Toxicol., 23, 451-458.
[51] Žegura, B.; Gajski, G.; Štraser, A.; Garaj-Vrhovac, V.; Filipi?, M. 2011. Microcystin-LR induced DNA damage in human peripheral blood lymphocytes. Mutat. Res., 726, 116–122.
[52] Zegura, B.; Zajc, I.; Lah, T.T.; Filipic, M. 2008. Patterns of microcystin-LR induced alteration of the expression of genes involved in response to DNA damage and apoptosis. Toxicon, 51, 615-623.
[53] Zhao, Y., Xieb, P., Zhang, X., 2009. Oxidative stress response after prolonged exposure of domestic rabbit to a lower dosage of extracted microcystins. Environ. Toxicol. Pharmacol. 27, 195–199.
[54] Zhu Zhu, Li Zhang and Guoqing Shi , 2015. Proteasome as a Molecular Target of Microcystin-L, Toxins, 7, 2221- 2231; doi:10.3390.

Keywords
Emerging biomarkers, hepatotoxicity.

IJBTT - Volume 15 - Issue 1 - January to April 2025

Magnitude of Caesarean Section and Associated Factors in Lemlem Karl General Hospital, Northern Ethiopia, 2016: Retrospective Cross- Sectional Study

	International Journal of Biotech Trends and Technology (IJBTT)
	© 2019 by IJBTT Journal
	Volume - 9 Issue - 2
	Year of Publication : 2019
	Authors : Kelemu Abebe Gelaw, Natneal Atnafu Gebyew, Eyasu Alem Lake, Gedion Asnake Azeze
	DOI :  10.14445/22490183/IJBTT-V9I2P601

Citation

MLA Style: Kelemu Abebe Gelaw, Natneal Atnafu Gebyew, Eyasu Alem Lake, Gedion Asnake Azeze "Magnitude of Caesarean Section and Associated Factors in Lemlem Karl General Hospital, Northern Ethiopia, 2016: Retrospective Cross- Sectional Study" International Journal of Biotech Trends and Technology 9.2 (2019): 1-6.

APA Style:Kelemu Abebe Gelaw, Natneal Atnafu Gebyew, Eyasu Alem Lake, Gedion Asnake Azeze (2019). Magnitude of Caesarean Section and Associated Factors in Lemlem Karl General Hospital, Northern Ethiopia, 2016: Retrospective Cross- Sectional Study. International Journal of Biotech Trends and Technology, 9(2), 1-6.

Abstract

Caesarean Section is the commonest obstetric operative procedure Worldwide. When used appropriately Cesarean Section can improve infant and/or maternal outcomes. this study intended to assess the magnitude and factors associated with Caesarean Section in Lemlem Karl Hospital. The aim of this study was to asses theMagnitude of Caesarean Section and associated factors in Lemlem Karl General Hospital, Northern Ethiopia, 2016.A cross-sectional study design was conducted inLemlem Karl Hospital in Northern Ethiopia from July 1, 2015, to June 30, 2016. The collected data was checked for its completeness; entered, edited, cleaned and analyzed using SPSS version 20. Crosstabs, 95%CI and P-value < 0.05 were used to examine the association between dependent and independent variables using logistic regression. We found that the magnitude of Cesarean Section was 28.8%. Parthographstatus(AOR;0.112,95%CI(0.041,0.307)) and ANC follow up(AOR;0.442,95%CI(0.250,0.849)) were found to have association with cesarean delivery. In this research, the magnitude of the Cesarean Section was high. It is possible to decrease the Caesarean Sectionby increasing the antenatal care coverage and universal use of partograph for all labors.

References

[1] Adnan A, Abu O, Suleiman H, Abu A. Frequency Rate and Indications of Cesarean Sections at Prince Zaid Bin Al Hussein Hospital – Jordan. J Med Science line Res. 2012; 19(1):82–6.
[2] Allen VM, O’Connell CM, Baskett TF. Maternal Morbidity Associated With Caesarean Delivery Without Labour Compared With Spontaneous Onset of Labour at Term. Obstetric Gynecol. 2003; 102:477–82.
[3] Ayanos T and Mohammed Y(2015); One Year Retrospective Analysis of Prevalence of Caesarean Section in Jimma University Specialized Hospital, South Western Ethiopia Preg Child Health, 2:4.
[4] Betrán AP, Merialdi M, Lauer JA, Bing-Shun W, Thomas J, et al. (2007); Rates of cesarean section: analysis of global, regional and nationalestimates. PediatricPerinatalEpidemiology 21: 98-113.
[5] Cunningham F. et al, Williams Obstetrics, 23rd Edition, USA, McGraw-Hill Companies, 2010.
[6] Fantu Eyowas Abebe Abebaw,Worku Gebeyehu, Ashebir Negasi Kidane and Gizached Aynalem Eyassu(2015). Factors leading to cesarean section delivery at Felegehiwot referral hospital, Northwest Ethiopia: A retrospective record review.
[7] Fesseha N, Getachew A, Hiluf M, Gebrehiwot Y, Bailey P.A national review of cesarean delivery in Ethiopia. International Feeration of Gynaecology and Obstetrics.2011.
[8] Gebremedhin S (2014) Trend and socio-demographic differentials of Caesarean section rate in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: an analysis based on Ethiopia demographic and health surveys data. Reproductive Health.
[9] Gutema H, Shimye A (2014) Caesarean Section and Associated Factors at Mizan Aman General Hospital Southwest Ethiopia. Journal of Gynaecology and Obstetrics 2: 37-41.
[10] Moges A, Ademe B, Akessa G, Prevalence and Outcome of Cesarean Section in Attat Hospital Gurage Zone, SNNPR, Ethiopia. Arch Med. 2015; 7:4.
[11] National Collaborating Centre for Women`s and Children`s Health. Cesarean section Guideline. Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists, 27 Sussex Place:RCOG Press; 2004(1).
[12] (2001) Nationalcollaboratingcenter for women`s and children`s health. Cesareansection: clinical guideline. ROCG Press, London, United Kingdom.
[13] Nebret F, Atnafu G, Mihret H, Yirgu G, Patrica B (2011) National review of cesarean deliveries in Ethiopia: Averting maternal death and disability. International Journal of Gynecology and Obstetrics 115: 106-11.
[14] Nebret F, Atnafu G, Mihret H, Yirgu G, Patrica B(2011). A national review of cesarean deliveries in Ethiopia: Averting maternal death and disability. International Journal of Gynaecology and Obstetrics. 115; 106 –111.
[15] Rashidian A (2010). Developing criteria for Caesarean Section using the R and appropriateness method .BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth, Tehran, 10:52.
[16] Shams had B (2008). Factors Leading to Increased Cesarean Section Rate. Gomel J Med Sci. 2008.6:1.
[17] Tadesse E, Adane M, Abiyou M (2011). Cesarean section deliveries at Tikur Ambessa Teaching Hospital, Ethiopia. Int J Gynecol Obstet. Oct; 115(1):106-11.
[18] Thomas J, Paranjothys (2001) Royal College of Obstetricians and gynecologists clinical effectiveness support unit. The nationalsentinelcesareansection audit report. RCOG Press, London, United Kingdom.
[19] Yalem T. and San M (2010). Determinants of Antenatal Care, Institutional Delivery and Skilled Birth Attendant Utilization in Samre Saharti District, Tigray, Ethiopia.
[20] World Health Organization. Monitoring emergency obstetric care: aHandbook. 2009.
[21] WHO (2010) Trends in Maternal Mortality: 1990 to 2008. Geneva: WorldHealth Organization.
[22] WHO (1985) appropriate technology for birth. Lancet 2: 436–437.

Keywords
Magnitude, Associated factor, Cesarean Section, Lemlem Karl Hospital, Ethiopia.

Selection of Seaweeds for Feed Pellet Preparation

	International Journal of Biotech Trends and Technology (IJBTT)
	© 2016 by IJBTT Journal
	Volume - 6 Issue - 2
	Year of Publication : 2016
	Authors : Arun D, Sushmila Rai G, Preethi J, Gayathri PK

Citation

Arun D, Sushmila Rai G, Preethi J, Gayathri PK " Selection of Seaweeds for Feed Pellet Preparation", International Journal of Biotech Trends and Technology (IJBTT), V6(2): 5-9 Apr - Jun 2016, Published by Seventh Sense Research Group.

Abstract

SEAWEEDS were found to contain lot of nutrients when consumed by coastal cattles gives them immense immune power. This feature of seaweeds was used for the preparation of feed pellet for cattle consumption. The collected seaweeds (Gracilaria edulis, Chaetomorpha linum, Enteromorpha intestinalis) were tested for the presence of phytochemicals as well as the quantitiy of protein and reducing sugars. It was observed that the presence of alkaloids, tannin, steroids, cardiac glycoside, Phenol, Terpenoid, carbohydrate and Flavanoid were present in almost all the extracts. Among the 3 seaweeds Gracilaria edulis showed maximum number of active constituents. Also G. edulis showed maximum quantity of protein and carbohydrate when compared to other 2 species. The antioxidant activity showed concentration dependent pattern. The G. edulis obtained same antioxidant effect as that of Ascorbic acid at a concentration of 2.5 mg/mL. Future research shall be focused on replacement of active ingredients in the marketed feed formulation for cattle with one of seaweeds to get a better nutrient content.

References

1. Ahilan B.; Sujathkumar, N.V. Seaweed, is it really useful? SEAFOOD-EXPORT-J. 1990. vol. 22, no. 9-10, pp. 23-25
2. Bharathan, G. Experimental culture of Gracilaria at the mariculture centre, Muttukadu, Tamil Nadu. J.-MAR.-BIOL.-ASSOC.-INDIA. 1987. vol. 29, no. 1-2, pp. 54-59
3. Abdul Wadood, Mehreen Ghufran, Syed Babar Jamal, Muhammad Naeem, Ajmal Khan, Rukhsana Ghaffar3 and Asnad Department of Biochemistry, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan-23200, Pakistan 3. M. Amin Mir, S.S. Sawhney, M.M.S. Jassal Uttaranchal College of Science and Technology, Uttarakhand Technical University, Dehradun-01
4. Satheesh Kumar Bhandary, Suchetha Kumari N, Vadisha S. Bhat, Sharmila K.P., Mahesh Prasad Bekal, Department of ENT, Department of Biochemistry, K.S. Hegde Medical Academy, Nitte University, Mangalore, Karnataka.
6. Guiry, M. D. and Blunden, G. Agricultural uses of seaweeds and seaweed extracts. In: Seaweed Resources in Europe: Uses and Potential. Seaweed resources in Europe: uses and potential. 1991. 7. Burrows, E.M. (1991). Seaweeds of the British Isles. Volume, Chlorophyta, London: Natural History Museum Publications.
8. lneke Kalkman, Aquaculturist Associate Professional Officer Isaac Rajendran, Consultant Charles L. Angell, Aquaculturist of the Bay of Bengal Programme for Fisheries Development, CHENNAI- INDIA. 9. Estimation of Protein by Biuret Method., Dr. Mahesha H B., Yuvaraja’s College, University of Mysore, Mysore.
10. Study on Determination of Reducing Sugar Content Using 3,5-Dinitrosalicylic Acid Method. ZHAO Kai,XUE Peng-ju,GU Guang-ye(Province Key Laboratory of Food Science and Engineering,College of Food Engineering, Harbin University of Commerce,Harbin 150076,China)
11. S. A. Mir, A. S. Bhat, A. A. Ahangar1 1Division of Veterinary Pharmacology & Toxicology, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology of Kashmir, F.V.Sc. & A.H., Shuhama, Srinagar-190001, J & K, India.
12. Antioxidant Activity of Selected Commercial Seaweeds Amin Ismail & Tan Siew Hong Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
13. NCBI taxonomy resources, National Center for Biotechnology Information. Retrieved 2007-03-19. 14. Steentoft, M. and Farham, W.F. 1997. Northern distribution boundaries and thermal requirements of Gracilaria and Gracilariopsis (Gracilariales, Rhodophyta) in Atlantic Europe and Scandinavia. 15. Protein Sources for the Animal Feed Industry- FAQ CORPORATE DOCUMENTARY REPOSITORY. 16. By Dr. Jane A. Parish, Associate Extension/Research Professor, Animal and Dairy Sciences; and Dr. Justin D. Rhinehart, Assistant Extension Professor, Animal and Dairy Sciences.

Keywords
Seaweeds; phytochemical; Biuret method; antioxidant; DNSA method.

	International Journal of Biotech Trends and Technology (IJBTT)
	© 2021 by IJBTT Journal
	Volume - 11 Issue - 4
	Year of Publication : 2021
	Authors : Uzma Qaisar
	DOI :  10.14445/22490183/IJBTT-V11I4P601

Citation

MLA Style:Uzma Qaisar "Chloramphenicol Resistance in Pseudomonas Aeruginosa" International Journal of Biotech Trends and Technology 11.4 (2021): 1-6.

APA Style:Uzma Qaisar(2021). Chloramphenicol Resistance in Pseudomonas Aeruginosa. International Journal of Biotech Trends and Technology, 11(4), 1-6.

Abstract

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunist bacterium that is pathogenic for immunocompromised humans. It is very difficult to control the infections caused by this organism due to the formation of antibiotic-resistant biofilms. Multidrug-resistant strains often arise due to the presence of transferable parts in the genome of P. aeruginosa. Genomic changes and other factors affect the efflux pump systems, which function for the exclusion of toxic substances from the bacterial cells and confer antibiotic resistance. Out of many efflux pumps present in this bacterium, MexEF-OprN is responsible for conferring chloramphenicol resistance to P. aeruginosa. In this review article, the role of different factors, regulators, and signals which affect chloramphenicol resistance in P. aeruginosa are discussed.

References

[1] Salyers, A. A., and Whitt, D. D.(ed.). Bacterial pathogenesis: a molecular approach, 2nd ed., (2002) 53-100. ASM Press, Washington, D.C.
[2] Kropinski, A., Lewis, V. and Berry, D. Effect of growth temperature on the lipids, outer membrane proteins, and lipopolysaccharides of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO. Journal of Bacteriology, 169 (1987)1960-1966.
[3] Subedi, D., Vijay, A.K., Kohli, G.S., et al. Comparative genomics of clinical strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains isolated from different geographic sites. Sci Rep 8, 15668 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-34020-7
[4] Holloway, B. Genetic recombination in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Microbiology, 13 (1955) 572-581.
[5] Stover, C., Pham, X., Erwin, A., Mizoguchi, S., Warrener, P., Hickey, M., Brinkman, F., Hufnagle, W., Kowalik, D. and Lagrou, M. Complete genome sequence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1, an opportunistic pathogen. Nature, 406 (2000) 959.
[6] Klockgether, J., Munder, A., Neugebauer, J., Davenport, C. F., Stanke, F., Larbig, K. D., Heeb, S., Schöck, U., Pohl, T. M. and Wiehlmann, L. Genome diversity of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 laboratory strains. Journal of bacteriology, 192 (2010) 1113-1121.
[7] Jacobs, M. A., Alwood, A., Thaipisuttikul, I., Spencer, D., Haugen, E., Ernst, S., Will, O., Kaul, R., Raymond, C., and Levy, R. Comprehensive transposon mutant library of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 100 (2003)14339-14344.
[8] Greenberg, E. P. 2000. Bacterial genomics: pump up the versatility. Nature, 406:947.
[9] Mims, C. A., Nash, A., and Stephen, J. Mims' pathogenesis of the infectious disease. Gulf Professional Publishing. (2001).
[10] Livermore, D. M. Multiple mechanisms of antimicrobial resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa: our worst nightmare? Clinical infectious diseases, 34 (2002) 634-640.
[11] Aloush, V., Navon-Venezia, S., Seigman-Igra, Y., Cabili, S. and Carmeli, Y. Multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa: risk factors and clinical impact. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 50 (2006) 43-48.
[12] Silver, D. R., Cohen, I. L. and Weinberg, P. F. 1992. Recurrent Pseudomonas aeruginosa pneumonia in an intensive care unit. Chest, 101:194-198.
[13] Garau, J. and Gomez, L. 2003. Pseudomonas aeruginosa pneumonia. Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases, 16:135-143.
[14] Oliver, A., Cantón, R., Campo, P., Baquero, F. and Blázquez, J. High frequency of hypermutable Pseudomonas aeruginosa in cystic fibrosis lung infection. Science, 288 (2000) 1251-1253.
[15] Steuhl, K., Döring, G., Henni, A., Thiel, H. and Botzenhart, K. Relevance of host-derived and bacterial factors in Pseudomonas aeruginosa corneal infections. Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science, 28 (1987) 1559-1568.
[16] Rumbaugh, K. P., Griswold, J. A., Iglewski, B. H. and Hamood, A. N. Contribution of quorum sensing to the virulence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in burn wound infections. Infection and Immunity, 67 (1999) 5854-5862.
[17] Poschet, J., Boucher, J., Tatterson, L., Skidmore, J., Van Dyke, R., and Deretic, V. Molecular basis for defective glycosylation and Pseudomonas pathogenesis in cystic fibrosis lung. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 98 (2001) 13972-13977.
[18] Tatterson, L., Poschet, J., Firoved, A., Skidmore, J., and Deretic, V. CFTR and pseudomonas infections in cystic fibrosis. Front. Biosci, 6(2001) D890-D897.
[19] Worlitzsch, D., Tarran, R., Ulrich, M., Schwab, U., Cekici, A., Meyer, K. C., Birrer, P., Bellon, G., Berger, J. and Weiss, T. Effects of reduced mucus oxygen concentration in airway Pseudomonas infections of cystic fibrosis patients. The Journal of clinical investigation, 109 (2002) 317-325.
[20] Lyczak, J. B., Cannon, C. L. and Pier, G. B. Establishment of Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection: lessons from a versatile opportunist1. Microbes and Infection, 2 (2000)1051-1060.
[21] Kreger, A. S. 1983. Pathogenesis of Pseudomonas aeruginosa ocular diseases. Reviews of Infectious Diseases, 5:S931-S935.
[22] Greenfield, E. and McManus, A. T. Infectious complications: prevention and strategies for their control. The Nursing clinics of North America, 32(1997) 297-309.
[23] Valadbeigi, H., Sadeghifard, N., RAFIEI, T. R. and Maleki, A. A Study on The Frequency of Toxin A, Alginate Genes, and of clinical Pseudomonas aeroginosa strains.(2012)
[24] Hwang, J., Fitzgerald, D. J., Adhya, S., and Pastan, I. Functional domains of Pseudomonas exotoxin identified by deletion analysis of the gene expressed in E. coli. Cell, 48(1987) 129-136.
[25] Wick, M. J., Frank, D., Storey, D. and Iglewski, B. Structure, function, and regulation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa exotoxin A. Annual Reviews in Microbiology, 44 (1990) 335-363.
[26] Pedersen, S., Høiby, N., Espersen, F. and Koch, C. Role of alginate in infection with mucoid Pseudomonas aeruginosa in cystic fibrosis. Thorax, 47(1992) 6-13.
[27] Leid, J. G., Willson, C. J., Shirtliff, M. E., Hassett, D. J., Parsek, M. R. and Jeffers, A. K. The exopolysaccharide alginate protects Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm bacteria from IFN-γ-mediated macrophage killing. The Journal of Immunology, 175 (2005) 7512-7518.
[28] Casadevall, A. and Pirofski, L.-a. Host-pathogen interactions: redefining the basic concepts of virulence and pathogenicity. Infection and Immunity, 67 (1999) 3703-3713.
[29] Isenberg, H. D. Pathogenicity and virulence: another view. Clinical Microbiology Reviews, 1 (1988) 40-53.
[30] Iglewski, B. H. and Kabat, D. NAD-dependent inhibition of protein synthesis by Pseudomonas aeruginosa toxin. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 72(1975) 2284-2288.
[31] Iglewski, B. H., Liu, P. V. and Kabat, D. Mechanism of action of Pseudomonas aeruginosa exotoxin Aiadenosine diphosphate-ribosylation of mammalian elongation factor 2 in vitro and in vivo. Infection and Immunity, 15 (1977) 138-144.
[32] Jenkins, C. E., Swiatoniowski, A., Issekutz, A. C. and Lin, T.-J. Pseudomonas aeruginosa exotoxin A induces human mast cell apoptosis by a caspase-8 and-3-dependent mechanism. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 279 (2004) 37201-37207.
[33] Webber, M. A. and Piddock L. J. V. The importance of efflux pumps in bacterial antibiotic resistance. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy. 51(1) (2003) 9–11.
[34] Aeschlimann, J. R. The Role of Multidrug Efflux Pumps in the Antibiotic Resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Other Gram-Negative Bacteria: Insights from the Society of Infectious Diseases Pharmacists. Pharmacotherapy: The Journal of Human Pharmacology and Drug Therapy, 23 (2003) 916-924.
[35] Wang, D., Seeve, C., Pierson, L. S. and Pierson, E. A. Transcriptome profiling reveals links between ParS/ParR, MexEF-OprN, and quorum sensing in the regulation of adaptation and virulence in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Bmc Genomics, 14 (2013) 618.
[36] Masuda, N., Sakagawa, E., Ohya, S., Gotoh, N., Tsujimoto, H. and Nishino, T. Substrate specificities of MexAB-OprM, MexCD-OprJ, and MexXY-oprM efflux pumps in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 44 (2000) 3322-3327.
[37] Ko¨ hler, T., Michéa‐ Hamzehpour, M., Henze, U., Gotoh, N., Kocjancic Curty, L. and Pechère, J. C. Characterization of MexE–MexF–OprN, a positively regulated multidrug efflux system of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Molecular Microbiology, 23(1997) 345-354.
[38] Köhler, T., Epp, S. F., Curty, L. K. and Pechère, J.-C. Characterization of MexT, the regulator of the MexE-MexF-OprN multidrug efflux system of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Journal of bacteriology, 181(1999) 6300-6305.
[39] Juhas, M., Wiehlmann, L., Huber, B., Jordan, D., Lauber, J., Salunkhe, P., Limpert, A. S., von Götz, F., Steinmetz, I. and Eberl, L. Global regulation of quorum sensing and virulence by VqsR in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Microbiology, 150 (2004) 831-841.
[40] Diggle, S. P., Winzer, K., Chhabra, S. R., Worrall, K. E., Cámara, M. and Williams, P. The Pseudomonas aeruginosa quinolone signal molecule overcomes the cell density‐ dependency of the quorum-sensing hierarchy, regulates rhl‐ dependent genes at the onset of stationary phase, and can be produced in the absence of LasR. Molecular Microbiology, 50 (2003) 29-43.
[41] Lee, J., Wu, J., Deng, Y., Wang, J., Wang, C., Wang, J., Chang, C., Dong, Y., Williams, P., and Zhang, L.-H. A cell-cell communication signal integrates quorum sensing and stress response. Nature Chemical Biology, 9 (2013) 339.
[42] Winson, M. K., Camara, M., Latifi, A., Foglino, M., Chhabra, S. R., Daykin, M., Bally, M., Chapon, V., Salmond, G. and Bycroft, B. W. Multiple N-acyl-L-homoserine lactone signal molecules regulate the production of virulence determinants and secondary metabolites in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 92 (1995) 9427-9431.
[43] Schuster, M. and Greenberg, E. P. A network of networks: quorum-sensing gene regulation in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. International Journal of Medical Microbiology, 296(2006) 73-81.
[44] Nouwens, A. S., Beatson, S. A., Whitchurch, C. B., Walsh, B. J., Schweizer, H. P., Mattick, J. S. and Cordwell, S. J. Proteome analysis of extracellular proteins regulated by the las and rhl quorum-sensing systems in Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1. Microbiology, 149(2003) 1311-1322.
[45] de Kievit, T. R., Kakai, Y., Register, J. K., Pesci, E. C. and Iglewski, B. H. Role of the Pseudomonas aeruginosa las and rhl quorum-sensing systems in rhlI regulation. FEMS Microbiology Letters, 212(2002) 101-106.
[46] Davies, D. G., Parsek, M. R., Pearson, J. P., Iglewski, B. H., Costerton, J. W. and Greenberg, E. P. The involvement of cell-to-cell signals in the development of a bacterial biofilm. Science, 280(1998) 295-298.
[47] Rashid, M. H., Rumbaugh, K., Passador, L., Davies, D. G., Hamood, A. N., Iglewski, B. H. and Kornberg, A. Polyphosphate kinase is essential for biofilm development, quorum sensing, and virulence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 97(2000) 9636-9641.
[48] Pesci, E. C., Milbank, J. B., Pearson, J. P., McKnight, S., Kende, A. S., Greenberg, E. P. and Iglewski, B. H. Quinolone signaling in the cell-to-cell communication system of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 96(1999) 11229-11234.
[49] Diggle, S. P., Winzer, K., Chhabra, S. R., Worrall, K. E., Cámara, M. and Williams, P. The Pseudomonas aeruginosa quinolone signal molecule overcomes the cell density‐ dependency of the quorum-sensing hierarchy, regulates rhl‐ dependent genes at the onset of stationary phase, and can be produced in the absence of LasR. Molecular Microbiology, 50(2003) 29-43.
[50] Häussler, S. and Becker, T. 2008. The pseudomonas quinolone signal (PQS) balances life and death in Pseudomonas aeruginosa populations. PLoS Pathogens, 4:e1000166.
[51] Wade, D. S., Calfee, M. W., Rocha, E. R., Ling, E. A., Engstrom, E., Coleman, J. P. and Pesci, E. C. Regulation of Pseudomonas quinolone signal synthesis in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Journal of Bacteriology, 187(2005) 4372-4380.
[52] Dusane, D. H., Zinjarde, S. S., Venugopalan, V. P., Mclean, R. J., Weber, M. M. and Rahman, P.K. Quorum sensing:implications on rhamnolipid biosurfactant production. Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering Reviews, 27(2010) 159-184.
[53] Duan, K. and Surette, M. G. Environmental regulation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 Las and Rhl quorum-sensing systems. Journal of Bacteriology, 189 (2007) 4827-4836.
[54] Qaisar, U., Luo, L., Haley, C. L., Brady, S. F., Carty, N. L., Colmer-Hamood, J. A. and Hamood, A. N. The pvc operon regulates the expression of the Pseudomonas aeruginosa fimbrial chaperone/usher pathway (cup) genes. PLoS One, 8:e62735. (2013)
[55] Ravel, J. and Cornelis, P. Genomics of pyoverdine-mediated iron uptake in pseudomonads. Trends in Microbiology, 11:195-200.
[56] Stintzi, A., Cornelis, P., Hohnadel, D., Meyer, J.-M., Dean, C., Poole, K., Kourambas, S., and Krishnapillai, V. 1996. Novel pyoverdine biosynthesis gene (s) of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO. Microbiology, 142 (2003)1181-1190.
[57] Clarke-Pearson, M. F. and Brady, S. F. Paerucumarin, a new metabolite produced by the pvc gene cluster from Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Journal of bacteriology, 190(2008) 6927-6930.
[58] Brady, S. F. and Clardy, J. Cloning and heterologous expression of isocyanide biosynthetic genes from environmental DNA. Angewandte Chemie, 117(2005) 7225-7227.
[59] Drake, E. J. and Gulick, A. M. Three-dimensional structures of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PvcA and PvcB, two proteins involved in the synthesis of 2-isocyano-6, 7-dihydroxy coumarin. Journal of Molecular Biology, 384(2008) 193-205.
[60] Asif, A., Iftikhar, A., Hamood, A., Colmer-Hamood, J. A., & Qaisar, U. Isonitrile-functionalized tyrosine modulates swarming motility and quorum sensing in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Microbial Pathogenesis, 127 (2019) 288-295.
[61] Qaisar, U., Kruczek, C. J., Azeem, M., Javaid, N., Colmer-Hamood, J. A. and Hamood, A. N. The Pseudomonas aeruginosa extracellular secondary metabolite, Paerucumarin, chelates iron and is not localized to extracellular membrane vesicles. Journal of Microbiology, 54(2016) 573-581.
[62] Iftikhar, A., Asif, A., Manzoor, A., Azeem, M., Sarwar, G., Rashid, N., & Qaisar, U. Mutation in pvcABCD operon of Pseudomonas aeruginosa modulates the MexEF-OprN efflux system and hence resistance to chloramphenicol and ciprofloxacin. Microbial Pathogenesis, 149 (2020) 104491.

Keywords
Pseudomonas aeruginosa, chloramphenicol, antibiotic resistance, efflux pump

Recirculating Aquaculture System: Microbial Treatment of Aquaculture Waste Water for Plant Irrigation

	International Journal of Biotech Trends and Technology (IJBTT)
	© 2019 by IJBTT Journal
	Volume - 9 Issue - 1
	Year of Publication : 2019
	Authors : Divyadharshini.T, Aishwariya.R, Abinaya Priya.M and Mariaamalraj. S

Citation

MLA Style: Divyadharshini.T, Aishwariya.R, Abinaya Priya.M and Mariaamalraj. S "Recirculating Aquaculture System: Microbial Treatment of Aquaculture Waste Water for Plant Irrigation" International Journal of Biotech Trends and Technology 9.1 (2019): 22-25.

APA Style:Divyadharshini.T, Aishwariya.R, Abinaya Priya.M and Mariaamalraj. S (2019). Recirculating Aquaculture System: Microbial Treatment of Aquaculture Waste Water for Plant Irrigation International Journal of Biotech Trends and Technology, 9(1), 22-25.

Abstract

Aquaculture has been considered as an option to cope with the world food demand and India is the 2nd largest producer of aquatic animals globally. Though the Indian fisheries and the aquaculture serves as a major sector in food production it also has its own negative impact on the fishes and the environment. One of the environmental impacts that receives the most attention is the issue of nutrient depletion and effluent buildup. Ammonia is one of the major compound present in the effluent which results in toxicity. For every ton of fish, aquaculture operations produce between 42 and 66 kilograms of nitrogen waste. In the present study, the recirculating of aquaculture wastewater is done by converting the ammonia (NH3+) content to harmless nitrogen gas (via nitrite)with the aid of Nitrifying and Denitrifying bacteria which was isolated from the rhizosphere soil. Both the cell free supernatant and cells has the ability of reducing ammonia. The wastewater was collected from the aquaculture industry, Madurai, which contains 17?g/mL of ammonia, BOD –42 mg/L and COD – 96 mg/L. The ability of nitrifying and denitrifying bacteria on the simulated aquaculture waste water was analyzed. For nitrification, the cell free supernatant reduces 96.35% ammonia at 90th min. On the other hand, the cells reduce 90.98% ammonia at 210th min. In case of denitrification process, the cells reduce 30% nitrate content at 90th min whereas the cell free supernatant reduces 67.6% nitrate content at 180th min. The ability of immobilized crude enzyme and the cells were studied periodically. The aquaculture wastewater was treated and the characteristics of the treated simulated water were analyzed. The treated water can be used for irrigation purposes.

References

[1] Badiola, M., Mendiola, D., & Bostock, J. (2012). Recirculating Aquaculture Systems (RAS) analysis: Main issues on management and future challenges. Aquacultural Engineering, 51, 26-35.
[2] Knoll S., Zwisler W., Simon M., “Bacterial colonization of early stages of limnetic diatom micro aggregates”, Aquatic Microbiol Ecology, 25, 2001, pp. 141–150.
[3] Meiklejohn, J. (1950). The isolation of Nitrosomonas europaea in pure culture. Microbiology, 4(2), 185-191.
[4] Huy, V., & Iwai, C. B. (2018, March). Utilization of wastewater on seed germination and physioogical parameters of rice (Oryza sativa L.). In IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering (Vol. 334, No. 1, p. 012036). IOP Publishing.
[5] Bhatnagar, A., & Devi, P. (2013). Water quality guidelines for the management of pond fish culture. International journal of environmental sciences, 3(6), 1980.
[6] Cataldo, D. A., Maroon, M., Schrader, L. E., & Youngs, V. L. (1975). Rapid colorimetric determination of nitrate in plant tissue by nitration of salicylic acid. Communications in soil science and plant analysis, 6(1), 71-80.

Keywords
Aquaculture waste water, Recirculating aquaculture system, nitrification, denitrification, bacteria.

IJBTT - Volume 6 - Issue 2 - 2016

1. Respond Promptly to Invitations

When you receive an invitation to review, the article’s abstract will help you decide whether it’s within your area of interest and expertise. Remember to respond promptly or else you might delay the process.

2. Show Integrity

Keep the contents of any manuscripts you’re reviewing confidential. You would expect the same of others reviewing your own work. What’s more, if you’ve submitted similar research of your own, or if you’ve reviewed the article for a different journal, let the editor know there’s a conflict of interest. Agreeing to a review for personal gain is not the done thing.

3. Stay Within Scope

When commenting, make sure your remarks stay within the scope of the paper and don’t veer off subject. If you’re unclear of the scope, editorial policy, presentation and submission requirements, speak to the editor or read the Author Guidelines.

4. Be Constructive

Your review should ultimately help the author improve the paper. So make sure you offer some constructive feedback, even if your recommendation ends up being to reject.

5. Allocate Enough Time

Carefully analyzing and commenting on a manuscript can take a good chunk of time. Make sure you have enough time available when taking on a review.

6. Be Consistent

Structure your comments by numbering them. It makes the editor’s life a lot easier. You can also divide them into major and minor issues to help authors prioritize corrections. Keep comments to authors separate from the confidential ones to editors. But make sure your comments to authors correspond to your assessment on the confidential review and checklists.

7. Focus on the Research

If you’re reviewing a paper that’s in English but wasn’t written by a native speaker, it’s good to be tolerant and point out elements that change the meaning, rather than commenting on the quality of their English.

8. Look at the Conclusion First

The conclusion will give you a good idea whether the research is an exciting development within its own field.

9. Check Robustness of Facts

Editors find it useful if you comment on the number of replicates, controls and statistical analyses. Strong statistics are crucial to determining whether the outcome is robust.

10. Give Credit Where It’s Due

If a paper you’re reviewing is really good and an excellent addition to the existing literature, don’t be afraid to say so.

DNA Y-STR Typing is an Important Tool to Solve Criminal Cases

	International Journal of Biotech Trends and Technology (IJBTT)
	© 2019 by IJBTT Journal
	Volume - 9 Issue - 1
	Year of Publication : 2019
	Authors : S.G. Pawar, V.S.Harel, B.P.More, K.V.Kulkarni
	DOI :  10.14445/22490183/IJBTT-V9I1P604

Citation

MLA Style: S.G. Pawar, V.S.Harel, B.P.More, K.V.Kulkarni "DNA Y-STR Typing is an Important Tool to Solve Criminal Cases" International Journal of Biotech Trends and Technology 9.1 (2019): 15-21.

APA Style:S.G. Pawar, V.S.Harel, B.P.More, K.V.Kulkarni (2019). DNA Y-STR Typing is an Important Tool to Solve Criminal Cases. International Journal of Biotech Trends and Technology, 9(1), 15-27.

Abstract

The POCSO (Protection of Children Sexual Offence), 376 (sexual assault),302(murder) cases are on a rise in India and so are the cases where men are falsely implicated for the same. Many cases go unreported owing to the social stigma attached. There have been cases where women misused these laws for personal gains. Mixtures of body fluids and/or tissues from a male and female are frequently encountered with sexual assault casework and other violent crimes. These mixed samples often contain trace quantities of male DNA present in a large background of female DNA. Typical samples can include vaginal swabs containing a small number of sperm cells, body swabs from female victims of oral assaults, and fingernail scrapings/clippings from female victims of violent assaults. Standard autosomal STR analysis may be unable to detect the minor male contributor in these types of samples, while the 17 Y-STR loci techniques can routinely detect a minor male contributor present at less than 1:1000. In POCSO sexual assault cases the minor victims becomes a wide range of target by accused. In such cases rape cum murder also becomes a new fashion of psycho mind accused to destroy the evidence. We present a similar case study where the crime showed signs of violence. The male-specificity makes the Y chromosome especially useful in cases of male/female cell admixture, namely in sexual assault cases. On the other hand, the haploidy and patrilineal inheritance complicates the interpretation of a Y-STR match, because male relatives share for several generations an identical Y-STR profile. The presence of Y-peak on Amelogenin locus in Identifier STRs in vaginal swabs of victim raised doubt of case being positive but Y-Filer STR helped in distinguishing the male contributor from the alleged accused. This conclusion strongly indicates the power of Y-STRs in forensic DNA analysis –it not only helps in identification of perpetrator. The Y-filer technique is a powerful tool for the analysis of sexual assault cases that contain a suspect(s). A significant proportion of DNA cases contain a suspect who has been identified by conventional law enforcement techniques. For these cases, the Y-filer technique is a powerful tool that can be used to include or exclude a suspect(s) associated with an investigation.

References

[1] Y chromosome STR Typing: A Distinguishing Tool for Exclusion in a Casework of Sexual Assault; Suminder Kaur *, Monica Lamba and Ritika Gupta.
[2] Feng L, Xu C, Zeng X, Zhang H, Yang F, et al. (2014) Y-chromosomal haplotyping of single sperm cells isolated from semen mixtures – a successful identification of three perpetrators in a multi-suspect sexual assault case, Croat. Med. J. 55: 537–541.
[3] Gershaw CJ, Schweighardt AJ, Rourke LC (2011) Wallace MM forensic utilization of familial searches in DNA databases. Forensic Science International: Genetics 5:
[4] Hall A, Ballantyne J (2003) The development of an 18-locus Y-STR system for forensic casework. Anal Bioanal Chem 376: 1234–1246.
[5] Hanson EK, Ballantyne J (2007)An ultra-high discrimination Y chromosome short tandem repeat multiplex DNA typing system. PLoS ONE e688.
[6] Honda K, Roewer L, Knijff P (1999) Male DNA typing from 25-year-old vaginal swabs using Y chromosomal STR polymorphisms in a retrial request case. J Forensic Sci 44: 868–72.
[7] Brookfield JF (1995) Human evolution:Y-chromosome clues to human ancestry. Curr Biol 5: 1114–1115.
[8] Cerri N, Ricci U, Sani I, Verzeletti A, Ferrari FD (2003) Mixed stains from sexual assault cases: Autosomal or Y-chromosome short tandem repeats? Croat. Med. J 44: 289–292
[9] Gershaw CJ, Schweighardt AJ, Rourke LC (2011) Wallace MM forensic utilization of familial searches in DNA databases. Forensic Science International: Genetics 5: 16–20.
[10] Kayser M, Caglia A, Corach D, Fretwell N, Gehrig C et al. (1997) Evaluation of Y-cchromosomal STRs: A multicenter study. Int J Legal Med 110: 125–129.
[11] Phillips C, Besada MG, Formoso LF, Magarinos MG, Santos C, et al. (2014) New turns from old STaRs : Enhancing the capabilities of forensic short tandem repeat analysis: A review. Electrophoresis 35: 3173–3187.
[12] Pizzamiglio M, Donato F, Biondi F, Floris T, Bellino C, et al. ( 2000) DNA typing of mixed female and male material from a case of rape. Progress in Forensic Genetics 8: 529–532.
[13] Prinz M, Boll K, Baum H, Shaler B (1997) Multiplexing of Y chromosome specific STRs and performance for mixed samples. Forensic Sci. Int 85: 209–218.
[14] Roewer L, Arnemann J, Spurr NK, Grzeschik KH, Epplen JT. Simple repeat sequences on the human Y chromosome are equally polymorphic as their autosomal counterparts. Hum Genet. 1992;89:389–94. doi:10.1007/BF00194309.
[15] Roewer L, Epplen JT. Rapid and sensitive typing of forensic stains using PCR amplification of polymorphic simplerepeat sequences in case work. Forensic Sci Int. 1992;53:163–71. doi: 10.1016/0379-0738(92)90193-Z.
[16] Calacal GC, Delfin FC, Tan MM, Roewer L, Magtanong DL, Lara MC, et al. Identification of exhumed remains of fire tragedy victims using conventional methods and autosomal/Y-chromosomal short tandem repeat DNA profiling. Am J Forensic Med Pathol. 2005;26(3):285–91. doi:10.1097/01.paf.0000177338. 21951.82.
[17] Kayser M, Caglia´ A, Corach D, Fretwell N, Gehrig C, Graziosi G, et al. Evaluation of Y-chromosomal STRs: a multicenter study. Int J Legal Med. 1997;110:125–33. doi:10.1007/s004140050051.
[18] Krenke BE, Viculis L, Richard ML, Prinz M, Milne SC, Ladd C, Gross AM, Gornall T, Frappier JR, Eisenberg AJ, Barna C, Aranda XG, Adamowicz MS, Budowle B. Validation of a malespecific, 12-locus fluorescent short tandem repeat (STR) multiplex. Forensic Sci Int. 2005;148(1):1–14. Erratum in: Forensic Sci Int. 2005;151(1):109. Corrected and republished in: Forensic Sci Int. 2005;151(1):111–24. doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2004.07.008.
[19] Mulero JJ, Chang CW, Calandro LM, Green RL, Li Y, Johnson CL, et al. Development and validation of the AmpFlSTR Yfiler PCR amplification kit: a male specific, single amplification 17 YSTR multiplex system. J Forensic Sc
[20] Lutz Roewer .Y chromosome STR typing in crime casework. Forensic Sci Med Pathol (2009) 5:77–84, DOI 10.1007/s12024-009-9089-5

Keywords
Forensic science; Rape cum Murder case; Y-STR; DNA typing

G6PD deficiency: Study among 256 blood donors recruited at the blood transfusion center in Niamey

	International Journal of Biotech Trends and Technology (IJBTT)
	© 2016 by IJBTT Journal
	Volume - 6 Issue - 2
	Year of Publication : 2016
	Authors : Daouda Alhousseini, Mounkaila Boutchi, Maïguizo Seydou, Moumouni Sina Abdramane, Sanogo Ibrahim

Citation

Daouda Alhousseini, Mounkaila Boutchi, Maïguizo Seydou, Moumouni Sina Abdramane, Sanogo Ibrahim "G6PD deficiency: Study among 256 blood donors recruited at the blood transfusion center in Niamey", International Journal of Biotech Trends and Technology (IJBTT), V6(2): 1-4 Apr - Jun 2016, Published by Seventh Sense Research Group.

Abstract

Glucose 6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency (G6PD) is an inherited enzymopathy which is characterized by acute or chronic hemolysis attacks triggered by oxidative stress during infections, contact with chemical, during medication or foods. In a context of nutritional anemia and/or parasitic diseases involving pregnancy or major sickle cell crises, the presence of this enzymopathy poses additional challenges to the blood transfusion. To determine the prevalence of G6PD deficiency in Niamey, we undertook to conduct a prospective study in 256 blood donors at the National Blood Transfusion Center. G6PD intra erythrocytic was determined by spectrophotometry on the hemolysate of washed red blood cells. Blood donors aged 18-65 years, having satisfied prior medical consultation and which have a greater or equal hemoglobin to 12 g/dl were selected as part of this study. The average age of donors was 32 years old. The deficit is estimated at 15.7%, including 9.7% of the total deficit to 6% partial deficit. Subjects deficient male G6PD accounted for 87.5% against 12.5% for the female sex. The average activity of G6PD was 2.9 ± 0.4 IU/g Hb in deficient subjects against 11.7 ± 0.3 IU/g Hb for the non deficient. Means Hb of normal subjects, partially and totally deficient subjects were respectively 15.3 g/dl, 14.8 g/dl and 14.3 g/dl (P = 0.7). The family donation represented 61.5% and the donor parental consanguinity rate was 21%. As G6PD deficiency was higher in the donor population, targeted screening blood bags could be considered when they are intended for certain categories of patients.

References

[1] Monchy D, Babin FX, Srey CT, Ing PN, Von Xylander S, LY V, Busch Hallen J. Deficit in G6PD: Fréquence dans un groupe d’enfants d’âge préscolaire d’une région centrale du Cambodge. Med Trop 2004; 64 : 355-358
[2] Glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency. WHO working group. Bull World Health Organ 1989; 67: 601- 611.
[3] Garba M, Yayé B, Boutchi M, Idi N, Alio PA, Nayama M,. L’anémie sévère per gravidique et du post partum à la maternité Issaka Gazobi: Étude prospective à propos de 207 cas sur 5 mois. Journal de la Société de Biologie Clinique, 2012; n° 016 ; 101-106
[4] Mountaga Tall. Provision in blood of the hospital somine dolo of mopti. Thèse méd. Université de Bamako-Mali. 2008
[5] Bhatgwat GP, Bapat JP. G6PD in Bahraimi Blood Donors. Bahrain Medical Bulletin, december 1987 vol.9, n°3.
[6] Fatemeh Emamghorashi, Farhang Hoshmand, Abdolrahman Mohtashamifar. Screening glucose for 6 phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency in blood donors Asian J Transfus Sci. 2010 Jan; 4(1): 31-33.
[7] Diawara A. Déficit en G6PD chez les donneurs de sang du CNTS de Bamako. Thèse pharm. Université de Bamako- Mali : 2005
[8] Olatundun Williams, Daniel Gbadero, Grace Edowhorhu, Ann Brearley, Tina Slusher, Troy C. Lund,. Glucose 6 phosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency in Nigerien Children. PLOS ONE July 2013; 8(7): 1-8
[9] Joseph Okebe, Alfred Amambua-Ngwa, Jason Parr, Sei Nishimura, Melissa Daswani, Ebako N Takem et al. The prevalence of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency in Gambian school children. Malaria Journal 2014, 13:148
[10] Mounkaila B, Daouda A, Garba RM, Aridouane D. Neonatal glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency in Niamey. International Journal of Biotech Trends and Technology (IJBTT) 2016; 13(1): 12-14
[11] Mounkaila Boutchi, Amadou Idé Ibrahim, Alhousseini Daouda, Sabo AM Zeinabou and Ali Touré Ibrahim. Sickle Cell Anemia and Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency: Impact on Biological and Clinical Parameters. International Journal of Biotech Trends and Technology (IJBTT) 2016; 15(1): 13-17
[12] Shanthala Devi AM,Helen R,Vanamala A,Chaithra V,Karuna R. Screening for G6PD Deficiency in Blood Donor Population. Indian J Hematol Blood Transfus 2010 26(3):122-123
[13] Samanta S, Kumar, P, Kishore Sai SUNIL, Garewal, G, Narang, A. Donor Blood Glucose 6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency Reduces the Efficacy of Exchange Transfusion in Neonatal Hyperbilirubinemia. Pediatrics 2009; 123(1): 96-100
[14] Mohammed K. Alabdulaali, Khaled Mr. Alayed, Abdulaziz F. Alshaikh, and Shihab A. Almashhadani. Prevalence of glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenases deficiency and sickle cell milks among blood donors Riyadh in. Asian J Transfus Sci. 2010; 4(1): 31-33.
[15] Francis RO, Jhang JS, Pham HP, Hod EA, Zimring JC, and Spitalnik SL. Glucose 6 Dehydrogenase-Deficiencies phosphate in Transfusion Medicine: The Unknown Risks. Vox Blood. 2013; 105(4): 271-282.
[16] Brewer GJ, T AR, Kellermeyer RW. The hemolytic effect of primaquine. XII. Shortened erythrocyte life span in primaquine-sensory Negroes male in the absence of drug administration. J Lab Clin Med. 1961 58: 217-24.

Keywords
Blood donors, G6PD deficiency, hemoglobin, Niamey.

Cultivation of Pleurotus Florida using Agricultural Wastes and its Biochemical Analysis

	International Journal of Biotech Trends and Technology (IJBTT)
	© 2019 by IJBTT Journal
	Volume - 9 Issue - 1
	Year of Publication : 2019
	Authors : Deepak Sharma, Nupur Prasad, Aparna Khagwal, Deepali Bansal, Akansha Chauhan
	DOI :  10.14445/22490183/IJBTT-V9I1P603

Citation

MLA Style: Deepak Sharma, Nupur Prasad, Aparna Khagwal, Deepali Bansal, Akansha Chauhan "Cultivation of Pleurotus Florida using Agricultural Wastes and its Biochemical Analysis" International Journal of Biotech Trends and Technology 9.1 (2019): 13-15.

APA Style:Deepak Sharma, Nupur Prasad, Aparna Khagwal, Deepali Bansal, Akansha Chauhan (2019). Cultivation of Pleurotus Florida using Agricultural Wastes and its Biochemical Analysis. International Journal of Biotech Trends and Technology, 9(1), 13-15.

Abstract

Pleurotus florida is an edible mushroom with high quality of proteins, fiber, vitamins and minerals. The cultivation of Pleurotus florida using different substrates provides a comparative assessment of its nutritive values. The mushroom grown on paddy straw shows high amount of carbohydrate and protein content as compared to sugarcane base substrate.

References

[1] A.S. Krishnamoorthy (2005), Outdoor cultivation of mushroom as intercrop in maize field, Mushroom Research International journal, Volume 14(1) 9-12, 2005
[2] Breene, W.M. 1990. Nutritional and medicinal value of specialty mushrooms. J. Food protect, 53: 883-894.Thomas KM, Ramakrishnan TS and Narasimhan IL1943.Paddy straw mushroom. Madras AgricJ 31:57-59
[3] Dubios, M., Gilles, K.A., Hamilaton, J.K., Robers, P.A., and Smith, F. 1956. Colorimetric methods for determination of sugar and related substances. Anal. Chem.., 28: 350-356.
[4] Karuppuraj, V., S.Chandra Sekarenthiran and K. Perumal. 2014. Yield improvement of Pleurotus florida fruiting bodies from locally available unexplored lignocellulosic substrates. Int. J. Curr. Microbiol. Appl. Sci., 3(10): pp. 985-990
[5] Jayaraman, J. 1981 Calorimetric estimation of amino acid In: Laboratory manual in Biochemistry, Wiley Eastern Ltd., New Delhi, pp:64
[6] Lowery, O.H., Rosebrough, N.J. and Randall, R.J. 1951. Protein measurement with the folin phenol reagent. J. Biol. Chem., 193: 265-275
[7] Sato, N. and Murata, N. 1988. Membrane lipids: In methods in Enzymology (Eds.), Packer, L. and Glazer, A.N.,167: 251-259.
[8] V. Mehta, J.K. Gupta and S.C. Kaushal, Cultivation of Pleurotus florida mushroom on rice straw and biogas production from the spent straw, World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology 6, 366-370

Keywords
Agricultural Wastes, Biochemical Analysis

Quantitative Analysis of Lycopene Extract using Pretreated Tomato Samples

	International Journal of Biotech Trends and Technology (IJBTT)
	© 2016 by IJBTT Journal
	Volume - 6 Issue - 1
	Year of Publication : 2016
	Authors : Sanchit Seth, Oishee Chatterjee

Citation

Sanchit Seth, Oishee Chatterjee "Quantitative Analysis of Lycopene Extract using Pretreated Tomato Samples", International Journal of Biotech Trends and Technology (IJBTT), V6(1): 18-21 Jan - Mar 2016, Published by Seventh Sense Research Group.

Abstract

Tomatoes are used extensively in the kitchens worldwide. These are basically used to enhance the flavor and also used as the coloring agent. Tomatoes are rich source of carotenoids, flavonoids and various other antioxidants. The red color imparted by tomatoes is mainly because of a pigment named lycopene. It is believed that lycopene has a role in managing numerous bodily functions like cell proliferation, cell to cell communication etc. Recent studies showed that lycopene can be used as the preventive measure of prostate cancer and also holds therapeutic importance to control various cancers in early stages. This research has been focused to extract lycopene from pretreated tomatoes in different conditions. Spray drier was used to prepare tomato powder which is further used as one of the samples to extract lycopene. Results were obtained from mass spectrometry to deduceconditions best suitable for pretreatment to extract maximum lycopene from tomato samples.

References

1. Giovannucci, E., RESPONSE: re: tomatoes, tomato-based products, lycopene, and prostate cancer: review of the epidemiologic literature. J Natl Cancer Inst, 1999. 91(15): p. 1331A-1331.
2. Takeshima, M., et al., Anti-proliferative and apoptosisinducing activity of lycopene against three subtypes of human breast cancer cell lines. Cancer Sci, 2004. 105(3): p. 252-7.
3. Hwang, E.S. and P.E. Bowen, Can the consumption of tomatoes or lycopene reduce cancer risk? Integr Cancer Ther, 2002. 1(2): p. 121-32; discussion 132.
4. Aghel N, R.Z., Amirfarkhrian S, Isolation and Quantification of Lycopene from Tomato Cultivated in Dezfoul, Iran. Jundishapur Journal of Natural Pharmaceutical Products, 2011. 6(1): p. 9-15.
5. Giovannucci, E., A review of epidemiologic studies of tomatoes, lycopene, and prostate cancer. Exp Biol Med (Maywood), 2002. 227(10): p. 852-9.
6. Pennathur, S., et al., Potent antioxidative activity of lycopene: A potential role in scavenging hypochlorous acid. Free Radic Biol Med, 2010. 49(2): p. 205-13.
7. Etminan, M., B. Takkouche, and F. Caamano-Isorna, The role of tomato products and lycopene in the prevention of prostate cancer: a meta-analysis of observational studies. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev, 2004. 13(3): p. 340-5.
8. Gartner, C., W. Stahl, and H. Sies, Lycopene is more bioavailable from tomato paste than from fresh tomatoes. Am J Clin Nutr, 1997. 66(1): p. 116-22.
9. Angela R. Davis, W.W.F., Penelope perkins-Veazie, A rapid spectrophotometric method for analyzing lycopene content in tomato and tomato products. Postharvbio, 2003. 28: p. 425-430.

Keywords
Lycopene, Drying, Spray Drying, Tomato Paste, Concentration.

IJBTT - Volume 9 - Issue 1 - 2019

Sickle Cell Anemia and Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency: Impact on Biological and Clinical Parameters

	International Journal of Biotech Trends and Technology (IJBTT)
	© 2016 by IJBTT Journal
	Volume - 6 Issue - 1
	Year of Publication : 2016
	Authors : Mounkaila Boutchi, Amadou Idé Ibrahim, Alhousseini Daouda, Sabo AM Zeinabou, Ali Touré Ibrahim

Citation

Mounkaila Boutchi, Amadou Idé Ibrahim, Alhousseini Daouda, Sabo AM Zeinabou, Ali Touré Ibrahim "Sickle Cell Anemia and Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency: Impact on Biological and Clinical Parameters", International Journal of Biotech Trends and Technology (IJBTT), V6(1): 13-17 Jan - Mar 2016, Published by Seventh Sense Research Group.

Abstract

Both sickle-cell anemia and G6PD deficiency are red blood cell gene abnormalities that cause hemolytic anemia. Their association may have serious consequences. The objective of this study is to determine the prevalence of such an association at the CNRD of Niamey and the impact of G6PD on sickle-cell anemia patients. A prospective cross-sectional study was conducted with 227 major sickle-cell anemia patients in stationary phase by comparing hematological parameters, free and total bilirubin concentrations, impaired hepatic and splenic functions as well as hospitalization and blood transfusion rates. G6PD intra erythrocytic was determined by spectrophotometry at all sickle cell patients on the hemolysate of washed red blood cells. Findings were analyzed by Epi-info 3.5.4 and the significance level was set at P < 0.05. G6PD was found in 7.08% of sickle-cell anemia patients. SS sickle-cell anemia was the most frequent form of the disease (83.3%). Hb levels as well as reticulocyte rates and MCHC were not significantly different in both groups of major sicklecell anemia patients. But, the level of total bilirubin was significantly high in sickle-cell anemia in case of G6PD deficiency. Though the risk of hospitalization was similar in both groups of patients, sickle-cell anemia patients with G6PD deficiency were more likely to develop hepatomegaly or splenomegaly.

References

[1] Beutler E. G6PD deficiency. Blood 1994; 84: 3613-36
[2] Nkhoma ET, Paul C, Vannappagari V, Hall SA, and Beutler. The global prevalence of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency: a systemic review and metaanalysis. Blood cells, molecules and diseases. 2009; 42: 267-278
[3] Anna L Peters and Cornelis JF Van Noorden. Glucose-6- phosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency and Malaria: Cytochemical Detection of Heterozygous G6PD Deficiency in Women. Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry 2009; 57(11): 1003–1011
[4] Steinberg MH, West MS, Callaghar D and Mentzer W. Effects of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency upon sickle cell anemia. Blood 1988 ; 71 : 748-752
[5] Benkerrou M, Alberti C, Couque N, Haouari Z, Ba A. Missud F et al. Impact of G6PD deficiency on sickle cell anemia expression infancy and early childhood: a prospective study. Br J Haematol. 2013; 163 (5): 646-54
[6] Mounkaila B, Oumarou Hamido K, Garba M, Abdoulaye Maiga R, AKpona SA, Sanogo I. Hémolyse chronique des sujets drépanocytaires SS et SC en phase stationnaire: étude comparative au centre national de référence de la drépanocytose à Niamey. Rev. CAMES SANTE 2015 ; 3 (1) : 25-9
[7] Institut National de la Statistique (INS) et ICF International. 2013. Enquête Démographique et de Santé et à Indicateurs Multiples du Niger 2012. Calverton, Maryland. USA: INS et ICF International.
[8] Mounkaila B, Daouda A, Garba RM, Aridouane D. Neonatal glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency in Niamey. International Journal of Biotech Trends and Technology 2016, 13(1), 12-14
[9] Diop S, Thiam D, Sene A, Cissé M, Fall K, Touré-Fall AO et al. Association drepanocytose-deficit en G-6-PD: prévalence et influence sur le profil évolutif. Médecine d`Afrique Noire 2000 ; 47 (7) : 322-6
[10] Gbadoé AD, Atsou K, Agbodjan-Djossou OA, Tsolényanu É, Nyadanu M, Dogba AD, et al. Prise en charge ambulatoire des drépanocytaires : évaluation de la première année de suivi des patients dans le service de pédiatrie de Lomé (Togo). Bull Soc Pathol Exot 2001; 94 (2): 101-105
[11] Nouraie M, Reading NS, Campbell A, Minnitri CP, Rana SR, Luchtmann jones I, et al. Association of G6PD with lower haemoglobin concentration but not increase haemolysis in patients with sickle cell anemia. British journal of haematology 2010; 150: 218-255
[12] Rees DC, Lambert C, Cooper E, Bartram J, Goss D, Deane C et al. G6PD deficiency is notassociated with cerebrovascular disease in children with sickle cell anemia. Blood 2009; 114: 742-743
[13] Bouanga JC, Mouélé R, Préhu C, Wajcman H, Feingold J, Galactéros F. G6PD deficiency and homozygous sickle cell disease in Congo. Hum Hered 1998; 48 (4): 192-7
[14] Simpore J, Ilboudo, damintoti k, sawadogo L. Maria E. et al. Glucose-6-phaosphate dehydrogense and sickle cell disease in Burkina Faso. Pak. J. Biol. Sci., 2007; 10 (3): 409-411.

Keywords
Sickle cell anemia, G6PD deficiency, Hemoglobin, clinical parameters, Niamey.

Evaluation of Measles Surveillance Systems in Afar Region, Ethiopia: A Descriptive Evaluative Study, 2017

	International Journal of Biotech Trends and Technology (IJBTT)
	© 2019 by IJBTT Journal
	Volume - 9 Issue - 1
	Year of Publication : 2019
	Authors : Mitiku B.Debela, Alemayehu B.Kahsay, Taklu M.Mokonnon, Zewdu G. Shifaw
	DOI :  10.14445/22490183/IJBTT-V9I1P602

Citation

MLA Style: Mitiku B.Debela, Alemayehu B.Kahsay, Taklu M.Mokonnon, Zewdu G. Shifaw "Evaluation of Measles Surveillance Systems in Afar Region, Ethiopia: A Descriptive Evaluative Study, 2017" International Journal of Biotech Trends and Technology 9.1 (2019): 4-12.

APA Style:Mitiku B.Debela, Alemayehu B.Kahsay, Taklu M.Mokonnon, Zewdu G. Shifaw (2019). Evaluation of Measles Surveillance Systems in Afar Region, Ethiopia: A Descriptive Evaluative Study, 2017. International Journal of Biotech Trends and Technology, 9(1), 4-12.

Abstract

The prevalence of measles was 55% in Afar region. Measles vaccination coverage was more than 85% in most of district of the region. But Recurrent here & there measles outbreak was reported. This might be hypothesized that low herd immunity in the community. Expanded programme on immunization is one of systems involved in measles surveillance in Afar region. Thus, the aim of the study was to evaluate performance of measles surveillance systems in the Afarregion..Descriptive evaluative study was conducted in Afar region from Feb 15-May 30/ 2017. A total of twenty three (n=23): one region, three districts, ten health centers and nine health posts were included by purposive sampling technique based on their involvement in and relevance to the measles surveillance system. Data was collected by trained nurses (n=12) using structured interviewer administered questionnaire adopted from “Centers of Disease Control (CDCs) Updated Guidelines for the Evaluation of Surveillance Systems.Data was analyzed by SPSS version 20 software. The study revealed that the Performance of surveillance systems core activities relatively were 100% at regional level. But, at district and health facility level were still far from the 80% target. Performance of surveillance systems supportive function at health facility levels were still far from the 80% target, but relatively 100% at regional and district level. Timelines & completeness both at regional and district level was low which was still far from the 80% target. So,the system found to be simple and flexible. It is inadequate completeness and timeliness. There were Poor mechanisms of feedback from central to peripheral health system. System has low stability, which led system to be not very useful and not representative. Predictive value positive found to be low. Surveillance system appears to be not meeting its objectives. Hence, the region should expand a web based reporting system.

References

[1] Celestine A, et al., Evaluation of the Measles Surveillance System in Kaduna State, Nigeria. OJPHI, 2012.
[2] A Bella , M.C.R., A Tavilla , F Magurano , M Baggieri .et.all, Analysis of national measles surveillance data in Italy 2015.
[3]. CDC, Updated Guidelines for Evaluating Public Health Surveillance Systems. 2001.
[4] WHO, Surveillance Guidelines for Measles, Rubella and Congenital Rubella Syndrome in the WHO European Region 2102.
[5] Ruth A, T.K., Esey B .et.al., The usefulness of school-based syndromic surveillance for detecting malaria epidemics. BMC Journal 2016. 16(20).
[6] Fred Nsubuga, et al., Positive predictive value and effectiveness of measles case-based surveillance in Uganda. PLOSS, 2017.
[7] Juru P. Tsitsi , N.N., Notion T., Evaluation of the Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System in Beitbridge District, Zimbabwe Open journal of Epidemiology, 2015.
[8] AnindyaS, B.H.e., all, Case based Measles surveillance. 2014.
[9] Mohammed A, N.P., E.A. Abanida, Evaluation of Measles Surveillance System in Nigeria. Epidemic Intelligence Service Conference International Night; Atlanta, , 2011.
[10] S. Bacci, R.S., T. Tillmann, Measles among migrants in the European Union and the European Economic Area LSE 2016.
[11] Akalu, H.B., Review on Measles Situation in Ethiopia; Past and Present. Journal of Tropical Diseases 2015. 4.
[12] Manoj V. Murhekar, D.R., Prasun K. Das, Measles in Rural West Bengal, India, 2005–6: Low Recourse to the Public Sector Limits the Use of Vitamin A and the Sensitivity of Surveillance. The Journal of Infectious Diseases 2011.
[13] E.E Isere, A.A.F., MEASLES CASE-BASED SURVEILLANCE AND OUTBREAK RESPONSE IN NIGERIA; AN UPDATE FOR CLINICIANS AND PUBLIC HEALTH PROFESSIONALS. Annals of Ibadan Postgraduate Medicine, 2014. 12.
[14] et.al, E.K.T., Measels surveilance evalauation, Ga west Ghana. PAMJ, 2017.
[15] Jagar J, Kawa M, and A.N. et.al, Epidemiological analysis of measles and evaluation of measles surveillance system performance. International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 2011.
[16.] Yung-Ch , F.A., Peter Kreidl .et.al, Evaluation of Austrian measles surveillance. AGES, 2013.

Keywords
Afar, measles, surveillance systems, Evaluation, Herd immunity

Comprehensive study on reduction of toxicity of pollutants by microbial transformation

	International Journal of Biotech Trends and Technology (IJBTT)
	© 2016 by IJBTT Journal
	Volume - 6 Issue - 1
	Year of Publication : 2016
	Authors : Oishee Chatterjee, Sanchit Seth

Citation

Oishee Chatterjee, Sanchit Seth "Comprehensive study on reduction of toxicity of pollutants by microbial transformation", International Journal of Biotech Trends and Technology (IJBTT), V6(1): 1-12 Jan - Mar 2016, Published by Seventh Sense Research Group.

Abstract

As the world is becoming more advanced in the field of technology and mankind is backing intensively on various resources like petroleum, metal mines and non-renewable carbon sources, thus the environment is getting devastated by the excessive generation of toxic compounds, either as waste products or by-products. Quite a large number of microbes have the ability to transform these toxic pollutants into easily degradable reduced forms. This review basically aims at tabulating principal characteristics of various microorganisms which possess affinity towards toxic substances based on a number of biotic and abiotic factors like pH, temperature, functional groups, competition and moisture content. It classifies aerobic and anaerobic microbes on the basis of their role in biodegradation of organic, inorganic or radioactive pollutants and summarises different microbes used for reducing major soil, water and petroleum pollutants. Thereafter, it focusses on the bioreactors used majorly for in-situ and ex-situ bioremediation. It finally gives an idea of the prime factors which govern the rate of degradation, knowledge of different metabolic and enzymatic pathways which together can further be used to genetically engineer new strains to effectively reduce various other recalcitrants for a sustainable future.

References

1. Van de Wiele, T., et al., Human colon microbiota transform polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons to estrogenic metabolites. Environ Health Perspect, 2005. 113(1): p. 6-10.
2. Munnecke, D.M., Enzymatic hydrolysis of organophosphate insecticides, a possible pesticide disposal method.Appl Environ Microbiol, 1976. 32(1): p. 7-13.
3. Stevens, T.O., R.L. Crawford, and D.L. Crawford, Selection and isolation of bacteria capable of degrading dinoseb (2-sec-butyl-4,6-dinitrophenol).Biodegradation, 1991.2(1): p. 1-13.
4. Hanne, L.F., et al., Degradation and induction specificity in actinomycetes that degrade p-nitrophenol.Appl Environ Microbiol, 1993. 59(10): p. 3505-8.
5. Diaz, E., Bacterial degradation of aromatic pollutants: a paradigm of metabolic versatility.IntMicrobiol, 2004. 7(3): p. 173-80.
6. Fulthorpe, R.R., A.N. Rhodes, and J.M. Tiedje, Pristine soils mineralize 3-chlorobenzoate and 2,4- dichlorophenoxyacetate via different microbial populations. Appl Environ Microbiol, 1996. 62(4): p. 1159-66.
7. Das, N. and P. Chandran, Microbial degradation of petroleum hydrocarbon contaminants: an overview.Biotechnol Res Int, 2011.2011: p. 941810.
8. Freitas dos Santos, L.M., D.J. Leak, and A.G. Livingston, Enrichment of mixed cultures capable of aerobic degradation of 1,2-dibromoethane.Appl Environ Microbiol, 1996. 62(12): p. 4675-7.
9. Monserrate, E. and M.M. Haggblom, Dehalogenation and biodegradation of brominated phenols and benzoic acids under iron-reducing, sulfidogenic, and methanogenic conditions. Appl Environ Microbiol, 1997. 63(10): p. 3911-5.
10. Deni, J. and M.J. Penninckx, Nitrification and autotrophic nitrifying bacteria in a hydrocarbon-polluted soil.Appl Environ Microbiol, 1999. 65(9): p. 4008-13.
11. Garcia-Arellano, H., M. Alcalde, and A. Ballesteros, Use and improvement of microbial redox enzymes for environmental purposes.Microb Cell Fact, 2004.3(1): p. 10.
12. Hunter, R.D., et al., Bacillus subtilis is a potential degrader of pyrene and benzo[a]pyrene.Int J Environ Res Public Health, 2005. 2(2): p. 267-71.
13. Mariano, A.P., et al., Biodegradability of commercial and weathered diesel oils.Braz J Microbiol, 2008. 39(1): p. 133-42.
14. Kim, H.J., W. Du, and R.F. Ismagilov, Complex function by design using spatially pre-structured synthetic microbial communities: degradation of pentachlorophenol in the presence of Hg(ii).IntegrBiol (Camb), 2011. 3(2): p. 126- 33.
15. Tas, N., et al., Role of "Dehalococcoides" spp. in the anaerobic transformation of hexachlorobenzene in European rivers.Appl Environ Microbiol, 2011. 77(13): p. 4437-45.
16. Rhee, Y.J., S. Hillier, and G.M. Gadd, Lead transformation to pyromorphite by fungi.CurrBiol, 2012. 22(3): p. 237-41.
17. Samin, G. and D.B. Janssen, Transformation and biodegradation of 1,2,3-trichloropropane (TCP). Environ SciPollut Res Int, 2012. 19(8): p. 3067-78.
18. Yang, Y., et al., Microbial electricity generation enhances decabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-209) degradation.PLoS One, 2013.8(8): p. e70686.
19. Kamika, I., et al., The impact of microbial ecology and chemical profile on the enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) process: a case study of Northern Wastewater Treatment Works, Johannesburg.Int J Environ Res Public Health, 2014. 11(3): p. 2876-98.
20. Braun, K. and D.T. Gibson, Anaerobic degradation of 2- aminobenzoate (anthranilic acid) by denitrifying bacteria. Appl Environ Microbiol, 1984. 48(1): p. 102-7.
21. Lewis, D.L., R.E. Hodson, and L.F. Freeman, 3rd, Effects of microbial community interactions on transformation rates of xenobiotic chemicals.Appl Environ Microbiol, 1984. 48(3): p. 561-5.
22. Peakall, D.B., Phthalate esters: Occurrence and biological effects. Residue Rev, 1975. 54: p. 1-41.
23. Graham, P.R., Phthalate ester plasticizers--why and how they are used. Environ Health Perspect, 1973. 3: p. 3-12.
24. Taylor, B.F. and J.A. Amador, Metabolism of pyridine compounds by phthalate-degrading bacteria.Appl Environ Microbiol, 1988. 54(10): p. 2342-4.
25. Davis, J.W. and C.L. Carpenter, Aerobic biodegradation of vinyl chloride in groundwater samples.Appl Environ Microbiol, 1990. 56(12): p. 3878-80.
26. Fournier, D., et al., Biotransformation of Nnitrosodimethylamine by Pseudomonas mendocina KR1.Appl Environ Microbiol, 2006. 72(10): p. 6693-8.
27. Sun, G., Arsenic contamination and arsenicosis in China.ToxicolApplPharmacol, 2004. 198(3): p. 268-71.
28. Silver, S. and T. Phung le, A bacterial view of the periodic table: genes and proteins for toxic inorganic ions. J Ind- MicrobiolBiotechnol, 2005. 32(11-12): p. 587-605.
29. Simeonova, D.D., et al., Arsenite oxidation in batch reactors with alginate-immobilized ULPAs1 strain.BiotechnolBioeng, 2005. 91(4): p. 441-6.
30. Lievremont, D., et al., Biological oxidation of arsenite: batch reactor experiments in presence of kutnahorite and chabazite.Chemosphere, 2003.51(5): p. 419-28.
31. Bruneel, O., et al., Mediation of arsenic oxidation by Thiomonas sp. in acid-mine drainage (Carnoules, France). J ApplMicrobiol, 2003. 95(3): p. 492-9.
32. Weeger, W., et al., Oxidation of arsenite to arsenate by a bacterium isolated from an aquatic environment. Biometals, 1999.12(2): p. 141-9.
33. Osborne, F.H. and H.L. Enrlich, Oxidation of arsenite by a soil isolate of Alcaligenes. J ApplBacteriol, 1976. 41(2): p. 295-305.
34. Cai, L., et al., Genes involved in arsenic transformation and resistance associated with different levels of arseniccontaminated soils.BMC Microbiol, 2009.9: p. 4.
35. Sitte, J., et al., Microbial links between sulfate reduction and metal retention in uranium- and heavy metalcontaminated soil.Appl Environ Microbiol, 2010. 76(10): p. 3143-52.
36. Marinucci, A.C. and R. Bartha, Biodegradation of 1,2,3- and 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene in soil and in liquid enrichment culture.Appl Environ Microbiol, 1979. 38(5): p. 811-7.
37. Herbes, S.E., Rates of microbial transformation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in water and sediments in the vicinity of a coal-coking wastewater discharge.Appl Environ Microbiol, 1981. 41(1): p. 20-8.
38. Lewis, D.L., H.P. Kollig, and R.E. Hodson, Nutrient limitation and adaptation of microbial populations to chemical transformations.Appl Environ Microbiol, 1986. 51(3): p. 598-603.
39. Van Eekert, M.H.A., et al., Degradation and Fate of Carbon Tetrachloride in UnadaptedMethanogenic Granular Sludge.Appl Environ Microbiol, 1998. 64(7): p. 2350-6.
40. Dhanjal, S. and S.S. Cameotra, Aerobic biogenesis of selenium nanospheres by Bacillus cereus isolated from coalmine soil.Microb Cell Fact, 2010.9: p. 52.
41. Alum, O.U., Obula, L.E, Microbial Diversity: A Key Driver of Environmental Biotechnology.International Journal of Biotech Trends and Technology (IJBTT), 2015.V11(July-August): p. 31-37
42. S., N., Nano Technology in Environmental Application. International Journal of Biotech Trends and Technology (IJBTT), 2011. 1(1, Number 2): p. 48-57.

Keywords
Pollutants, Reduction, Aerobic, Anaerobi, Microbes, Transformation, Bioremediation, Bioreactors.

	International Journal of Computer & Organization Trends  (IJCOT)
	© 2021 by IJCOT Journal
	Volume - 11 Issue - 4
	Year of Publication : 2021
	Authors : Hasan Thabit Rashid, Prof. Dr. Israa Hadi Ali
	DOI :   10.14445/22492593/IJCOT-V11I4P301

Citation

MLA Style:

Hasan Thabit Rashid, Prof. Dr. Israa Hadi Ali.  "Traffic Violations Detection Review based on Intelligent Surveillance Systems" International Journal of Computer and Organization Trends vol. 12, no. 1, Jan-Mar. 2022, pp. 1-8. Crossref, https://doi.org/10.14445/22490183/IJBTT-V12I1P601 

APA Style:

Hasan Thabit Rashid, Prof. Dr. Israa Hadi Ali. (2021) Traffic Violations Detection Review based on Intelligent Surveillance Systems International Journal of Computer and Organization Trends, 11(4), 1-9. https://doi.org/10.14445/22490183/IJBTT-V12I1P601

Abstract

Currently, IT develops our life superficially and quickly has become faster and more complicated. However, This paper offers a brief study of previous techniques for violation of vehicles on surveillance systems expressed by suitable processing methodologies to intelligent surveillance techniques (such as Wi-Fi sensors, image processing, machine learning, and object detection based on appearance and motion) and the use of different types of cameras networks(fixed, motorize, and PTZ) and area topologies(efficient FOVs). This study provides a quick look at various techniques that alert individuals and users to vehicle anomalous movements in the environments of traffic and intelligent systems.

Keywords

computer vision, intelligent surveillance systems,multi-camera networks, traffic control, video tracking.

References

[1] Nilsson, F. Intelligent Network Video: Understanding Modern Video Surveillance Systems. CRC Press. Second edition. (2017).

[2] Aghajan, H., &Cavallaro, A. (Eds.). Multi-camera networks: principles and applications. Academic Press. (2009).

[3] Pandey, S., Jain, R., & Kumar, S. An Efficient Data Aggregation Algorithm with Gossiping for Smart Transportation System. In International Conference on Communication, Networks, and Computing (191-200). Springer, Singapore. (2018).

[4] Ahmad, N., O`Nils, M., &Lawal, N. A taxonomy of visual surveillance systems. (2013).

[5] Kolekar, M. H. Intelligent Video Surveillance Systems: An Algorithmic Approach. CRC Press. (2018).

[6] Khan, M. U. K., Shafique, M., & Henkel, J. Energy Efficient Embedded Video Processing Systems: A Hardware-Software Collaborative Approach. Springer. (2017).

[7] Ahmed, S. H., Yaqub, M. A., Bouk, S. H., & Kim, D. SmartCop: Enabling smart traffic violations ticketing in vehicular named data networks. Mobile Information Systems, (2016).

[8] Aarthy, D. K., Vandanaa, S., Varshini, M., &Tijitha, K. Automatic identification of traffic violations and theft avoidance. In 2016 Second International Conference on Science Technology Engineering and Management (ICONSTEM) (2016) (72-76). IEEE.

[9] Mehboob, F., Abbas, M., & Rauf, A. Mathematical model-based traffic violations identification. Computational and Mathematical Organization Theory,(2018) 1-17.

[10] Sarikan, S. S., &Ozbayoglu, A. M. Anomaly Detection in Vehicle Traffic with Image Processing and Machine Learning. Procedia Computer Science, 140 (2018) 64-69.

[11] Yang, Z., & Pun-Cheng, L. S. Vehicle detection in intelligent transportation systems and its applications under varying environments: A review. Image and Vision Computing, 69 (2018) 143-154.

[12] Kurmasha, H. T. R., Alharan, A. F. H., Der, C. S., &Azami, N. H. Enhancement of Edge-based Image Quality Measures Using Entropy for Histogram Equalization-based Contrast Enhancement Techniques. Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research, 7(6) (2017) 2277-2281.

[13] Sharma, K. Feature-based efficient vehicle tracking for a traffic surveillance system. Computers & Electrical Engineering, 70 (2018) 690-701.

[14] Maggio, E., &Cavallaro, A. Video tracking: theory and practice. John Wiley & Sons. (2011).

[15] Zheng, H., Chang, W., & Wu, J. Traffic flow monitoring systems in smart cities: Coverage and distinguishability among vehicles. Journal of Parallel and Distributed Computing, 127 (2019)224-23.

[16] Kurmasha, H. T. R., &Alharan, A. F. A Review and New Subjective Evaluation Experiment of Objective Metrics used to Evaluate Histogram Equalization-based Contrast Enhancement Techniques. (2017)

[17] Rashid, H. T., & Ali, I. H., Multi-Camera Collaborative Network Experimental Study Design of Video Surveillance System for Violated Vehicles Identification. In Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1879(2) 022090. IOP Publishing. (2021).).

Bioethanol Production by Sub Merged Fermentation from Carob Pod Extract by using Saccharomyces Sps

	International Journal of Biotech Trends and Technology (IJBTT)
	© 2019 by IJBTT Journal
	Volume - 9 Issue - 1
	Year of Publication : 2019
	Authors : Poonam Bindal & Vishwanatha.T
	DOI :  10.14445/22490183/IJBTT-V9I1P601

Citation

MLA Style: Poonam Bindal & Vishwanatha.T "Bioethanol Production by Sub Merged Fermentation from Carob Pod Extract by using Saccharomyces Sps" International Journal of Biotech Trends and Technology 9.1 (2019): 1-3.

APA Style:Poonam Bindal & Vishwanatha.T (2019). Bioethanol Production by Sub Merged Fermentation from Carob Pod Extract by using Saccharomyces Sps. International Journal of Biotech Trends and Technology, 9(1), 1-3.

Abstract

The exploration of rich in sugar residues of carob pod (Ceratonia siliqua) for bioethanol production has been investigated. The main types of feedstocks for the production of bioethanol are raw materials contain different form of fermentable sugar. The aim of this study is to evaluate the bioethanol production in submerged fermentation from carob pods. The extraction of sugars from the carob pod was conducted, achieving very good yields in a short period of time. Saccharomyces sps were isolated from different fruit samples and identified. Among the isolated Saccharomyces sps 01 showed the 20 % , Saccharomyces sps 02 produced 11%, and Saccharomyces sps 03 showed minimum of 9 % of ethanol production. The sugar syrup was allowed to fermentation process with different pH and temperature. At pH 5 showed maximum production compared to other pH condition. The maximum production of ethanol was seen at 30oC compare with different temperatures. The outcome of this experiment reviled that carob pod which is neglected and considered as agro sated can be used for large scale production of bioethanol by using specific yeast strains.

References

[1] Amerine, M.A. & Ough, C.S. Wine and must analysis. New York: John Wiley & Sons. (1974).
[2] Biner, B., Gubbuk, H., Karhan, M., Aksu, M., Pekmezci, M. Sugar profiles of thepods of cultivated and wild types of carob bean (Ceratonia siliqua L.) in Turkey. Food Chem., 100(4), 1453–1455. ( 2007)
[3] Li H.B., Lil D., Zhang Y. R.Y., Gan, F.L., Song, C., Chen F. Antioxidant Properties of Chinese Medicinal Plants. In Reactive Oxygen Species and Antioxidants in Higher Plants, edited by S. Dutta Gupta, 331–362. London: Sage. (2011)
[4] Saharkhiz S, Mazaheri D, Shojaosadati SA. Evaluation of bioethanol production from carob pods by Zymomonas mobilis and Saccharomyces cerevisiae In solid submerged fermentation: Prep Biochem Biotechnol. ;43(5):415-30. ( 2013)
[5] Dien B.S. , Cotta M.A. , Jeffries T.W. Bacteria engineered for fuel ethanol production: current status Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol., 63, 258-266. ( 2003).
[6] Hajaji Mohammed Mohammed Mater., A B Ali and Mahdi Chaouch. Sstudy the extraction of sugars from carob pods. Global Journal Of Engineering Science And Researches. 3(5): 82-89. (2016)
[7] Chen, H. and Fu, X., Industrial technologies for bioethanol production from lignocellulosic biomass. Renew. Sustain. Energ. Rev., 57, 468–478. (2016)
[8] Corli de Klerk , Elvis Fosso-Kankeu, L. Du Plessis and S. Marx. Assessment of the viability of Saccharomyces cerevisiae in response to synergetic inhibition during bioethanol production. Current science, 115, 6, 1124-1132. (2018).
[9] Ramakrishna D and Lingappa K. Carob pod-a novel substrate for fructose syrup and ethanol production using fructose negative mutants by submerged fermentation. European Journal of Pharmaceutical and Medical Research. 3(3), 222-224. ( 2016).
[10] Singh, Anita & Bishnoi, Narsi. Comparative study of various pretreatment techniques for ethanol production from water hyacinth. Industrial Crops and Products. 44. 283–289. (2013).
[11] Turhan.I, Bialika. K.L., Demirci. A., Karhan.M. Ethanol production from carob pod extract by using saccharomyces cerevisiae. Bioresour. Technol. 101, 5290-5296. (2010).

Keywords
Carob pod, Bioethanol and Yeast

Neonatal glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency in Niamey

	International Journal of Biotech Trends and Technology (IJBTT)
	© 2016 by IJBTT Journal
	Volume - 6 Issue - 1
	Year of Publication : 2016
	Authors : Mounkaila B, Daouda A, Garba Rm, Aridouane D

Citation

Mounkaila B, Daouda A, Garba Rm, Aridouane D "Neonatal glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency in Niamey", International Journal of Biotech Trends and Technology (IJBTT), V6(1): 12-14 Jan - Mar 2016, Published by Seventh Sense Research Group.

Abstract

G6PD deficiency is a hereditary enzymopathy linked recessive X which can cause chronic or acute hemolytic anemia with severe jaundice risks. Knowledge of this profile very early at birth will have the effect of reducing morbidity and neonatal mortality. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of this deficiency in newborns in Niamey through a cross-sectional descriptive study. G6PD intra erythrocyte of umbilical cord blood was measured by spectrophotometry at the same time as the intra erythrocyte ASAT that was used to estimate the age of the erythrocytes. Two hundred four neonates including 113 male (55.5%) and 91 female (44.5%) were enrolled. The overall prevalence of deficit was estimated at 11.80%. The partial deficit represented 10.3% against 1.5% for the total deficit. The G6PD activity was on average 4.11 ± 0,4UI / g Hb whereas it was 1.7 ± 0.2 U / g Hb in newborns totally deficit and 24, 30 ± 1.2 U / g Hb in newborns without G6PD deficiency. The report G6PD / ASAT in newborns fully and partially deficit were 0.30 and 0.80 respectively. Hb levels in all three groups have no significant difference. The high prevalence of G6PD deficiency in the newborn population justifies the establishment of early screening at birth.

References

[1] WHO working group. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency. Bull World Health Organ 1989; 67: 601–11
[2] Moumouni Sina A. Déficit en G6PD chez les donneurs de sang du Centre National de Transfusion Sanguine de Niamey. Thèse Med. Université Abdou moumouni Niamey 2013
[3] Ancelle T. Statistique épidémiologie 3ème Ed, Maloine 2012
[4] Mohamed SI. Déficit en G6PD chez les enfants au sein du service de pédiatrie du CHU Hassan II de Fès. Thèse méd. 2007
[5] Diawara A. Déficit en G6PD chez les donneurs de sang du CNTS de Bamako. Thèse ph. Université de Bamako. 2005
[6] Ahmed Muzaffer Mohammed. Neonatal screening of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency in Yanbu, Saudi Arabia. J Med Screen 2005;12:170–171
[7] Olatundun Williams, Daniel Gbadero, Grace Edowhorhu, Ann Brearley, Tina Slusher, Troy C. Lund. Glucose-6- Phosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency in Nigerian Children. PLoS ONE 8(7): e68800. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0068800
[8] Ratika S, Mondal PR, and Saraswathy K N. Glucose-6- Phosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency and Sickle Cell Hemoglobin among the Warli Tribe of Dadra and Nagar Haveli. Anthropologist, 2008, 10(4): 301-303
[9] Nock1 ML, Johnson EM, Krugman RR, Di Fiore JM, Fitzgerald S, Sandhaus LM, and Walsh MC. Implementation and analysis of a pilot in-hospital newborn screening program for glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency in the United States. Journal of Perinatology.2011 31, 112– 117
[10] Kaplan M, Hersche M, Hammerman C, Hoyer JD, Stevenson DK. Hyperbilirubinemia among African American, glucose- 6-phosphate dehydrogenase-deficient neonates. Pediatrics 2004:114(2):213-9.
[11] Kaddari F, Sawadogo M, Sancho J, Lelong M, Jaby D, Paulin C et al. Neonatal screening of glucose-6- phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency in umbilical cord blood Ann Biol Clin. 2004 Jul-Aug;62(4):446-50.
[12] 12. Kaplan M, Hammerman C. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency: a hidden risk for kernicterus. Semin Perinatol 2004; 28:356-64
[13] Abu Omar R, Algur N, Megged, Hammerman C, and Kaplan M. Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Screening in Israel- Arab and Palestinian-arab neonates. J Pediatr 2015;167:169- 72.
[14] Ronald J. Wong, David K. Stevenson. Neonatal hemolysis and risk of bilirubin-induced neurologic dysfunction. Seminars in Fetal & Neonatal Medicine2015: 20 26-30
[15] Raicevic S, Eventov-Friedman S, Bolevich S, Selakovic D, Joksimovic J, Djuric J et al. Correlation between oxidative stress and G6PD activity in neonatal jaundice. Mol Cell Biochem. 2014 Oct: 395(1-2):273-9
[16] Dhillon AS, Darbyshire PJ, Williams MD, Bissenden JG. Massive acute haemolysis in neonates with glucose-6- phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal 2003;88: 534–6

Keywords
G6PD deficiency, neonatal, umbilical cord blood, Niamey.

	International Journal of Biotech Trends and Technology (IJBTT)
	© 2021 by IJBTT Journal
	Volume - 11 Issue - 3
	Year of Publication : 2021
	Authors : Muhammad Azeem, Tanzeela Rehman, Muhammad Faiq, Uzma Qaisar
	DOI :  10.14445/22490183/IJBTT-V11I3P607

Citation

MLA Style:Dr. Nagham Mahmood Aljamali, Zahraa Abdul Kareem makki, Enas Raheem Al_kidsawey  "Review in Mutated Strains of Corona Virus" International Journal of Biotech Trends and Technology 11.3 (2021): 51-57.

APA Style:Dr. Nagham Mahmood Aljamali, Zahraa Abdul Kareem makki, Enas Raheem Al_kidsawey(2021). Review in Mutated Strains of Corona VirusInternational Journal of Biotech Trends and Technology, 11(3), 51-57.

Abstract

The recent review conversed about mutated strain., The new mutated strains of the Corona virus are the mutated strain of Covid 19, the strain - also known as "variant" - is a version of the virus that includes a group of mutations, which means that each mutated strain includes a group of mutations. A mutation is a change in the arrangement of the genetic material in the virus, and some of these mutations may not leave a trace in the virus, but some of them may affect its ability to transmit and infection. There have been previous mutations recorded for the Corona virus, including the English, Brazilian and South African strains., Pfizer has designed a suitcase-sized container that “keeps doses at minus 70 for 10 days, holding 1,000 to 5,000 doses, and needs to be filled with fresh, dry ice within 24 hours, then tracked via GPS until it reaches the desired location, with Not to open it more than twice a day, and for one minute each time,” according to what was quoted today by leaked documents from Pfizer yesterday, and its information indicates that vaccination will not be an easy process, but rather difficult for obstacles, especially since the effectiveness of the vaccine begins 28 days after vaccination.

References

[1] Alwan A ،Mahjour J ،Memish ZA, Novel coronavirus infection: time to stay ahead of the curve. Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal.,19 Suppl, 12(4)1 (2013) S3–4. PMID 23888787., Available at : http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2021-02/02/c_139716241.htm
[2] Laude H ،Rasschaert D ،Delmas B ،Godet M ،Gelfi J ،Charley B . Molecular biology of transmissible gastroenteritis virus. Veterinary Microbiology., 23 (1–4) (1999) 147–54. PMID 2169670 . doi:10.1016/0378-1135(90)90144-K., Available at : https://www.voanews.com/covid-19-pandemic/malawi-sticks-astrazeneca-despite-concerns-over-efficacy
[3] Nagham Mahmood Aljamali, Enas Raheem Al_kidsawey, Zahraa Abdul Kareem Makki. Review in Stages of Development of Corona Virus Vaccines. International Journal of Analytical and Applied Chemistry. 7(1) (2021) 17–25p.
[4] Nagham Mahmood Aljamali, Farah Wadai El-Taei, Asaed H Enad ., Survey in Forms of Corona Vaccines Licensed by Global Health Organizations, Journal of Pharma and Drug Regulatory Affairs., 3(2) (2021) 55-62.
[5] Sola I ،Alonso S ،Zúñiga S ،Balasch M ،Plana-Durán J ،Enjuanes L, Engineering the transmissible gastroenteritis virus genome as an expression vector inducing lactogenic immunity. Journal of Virology, 77 (7) (2003) 4357–69. PMC 150661. PMID 12634392. doi:10.1128/JVI.77.7.4357-4369.2003.
[6] Tajima M . Morphology of transmissible gastroenteritis virus of pigs. A possible member of coronaviruses. Brief report. Archiv für die Gesamte Virusforschung., 29 (1) (1970) 105–8 . PMID 4195092 doi:10.1007/BF01253886.
[7] Liu P ،Shi L ،Zhang W ،He J ،Liu C ،Zhao C ،Kong S ،Loo JF ،Gu D ،Hu L., Prevalence and genetic diversity analysis of human coronaviruses among cross-border children. Virology Journal, 14 (1) (2019) 230. PMC 5700739 PMID 29166910. doi:10.1186/s12985-017-0896-0.
[8] Forgie S ،Marrie TJ, Healthcare-associated atypical pneumonia". Seminars in Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 30 (1) (2009) 67–85. PMID 19199189. doi:10.1055/s-0028-1119811.
[9] Aseel Mahmood Jawad, Nagham Mahmood Aljamali, Saher Mahmood Jwad. Development and Preparation of ciprofloxacin Drug Derivatives for Treatment of Microbial Contamination in Hospitals and Environment, Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology, 14 (2020) (2) 1115-1122.
[10] Imad Kareem Alwan Alsabri, Hasaneen Kudhair Abdullabass, Nagham Mahmood Aljamali., Invention of (Gluta.Sulfazane-Cefixime) Compounds as Inhibitors of Cancerous Tumors., Journal of Cardiovascular Disease Research, 11(2)(2020).
[11] Nagham Mahmood Aljamali, Imad Kareem Alwan Alsabri, Aseel Mahmood Jawad, Muayad Baqer Mohammed Alfahham, Hanan Ali Hussein. Scientific Study:(Solutions and Recommendations to avoid the Spread of Corona Virus Covid 19 in Iraq) , Forefront Journal of Engineering &Technology, 2(4) (2020) 13-22.
[12] Nagham Mahmood Aljamali ,Kawther Mejbel Hussein., Review on Benefits and Harms of Nutritional Supplements on Health ., Journal of Pharma and Drug Regulatory Affairs., 3(1) (2021) 42-49.
[13] Alexander E Gorbalenya ،Susan C. Baker ،Christian Drosten ،Bart L. Haagmans ,Benjamin W. Neuman ., The species Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus: classifying 2019-nCoV and naming it SARS-CoV-2 , Nature Microbiology, 544(5) (2019) 536, https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/S41564-020-0695-Z — https://pubmed.ncbi. nlm.nih.gov/32123347
[14] Nagham Mahmood Aljamali, Aseel Mahmood Jawad, Imad Kareem Alwan Alsabri., Public Health in Hospitals, 1 First Edition, (2020), Eliva Press ,ISBN: 9798636352129 .
[15] Liu P, Shi L, Zhang W, He J, Liu C, Zhao C, et al. Prevalence and genetic diversity analysis of human coronaviruses among cross-border children. Virology Journal. 14 (1)(2017)230. doi:10.1186/s12985-017-0896-0. PMC 5700739. PMID 29166910.
[16] Aseel Mahmood Jawad, Nagham Mahmood Aljamali., Innovation, Preparation of Cephalexin Drug Derivatives and Studying of (Toxicity & Resistance of Infection), International Journal of Psychosocial Rehabilitation, 24(04) (2020) 3754-3767 .
[17] Gorbalenya AE. Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus – The species and its viruses, a statement of the Coronavirus Study Group. bioRxiv, 02(07) (2020). 937862. doi:10.1101/2020 .02.07.937862.
[18] Huynh J, Li S, Yount B, Smith A, Sturges L, Olsen JC. Evidence supporting a zoonotic origin of human coronavirus strain NL63. Journal of Virology, 86 (23) (2012) 12816–25. doi:10.1128/JVI.00906-12 . PMC 3497669 . PMID 22993147.
[19] Nagham Mahmood Aljamali., Abdullabass, H. K., Jawad, A. M., Alfatlawi, I. O., & Jawd, S. M. Review on Types of Automatic Sterilization Systems in Hospitals. International Journal of Industrial Biotechnology and Biomaterials, 6(1) (2020) 15-21.
[20] Nagham Mahmood Aljamali., A M Jawad., Alfatlawi, I. O., Saher Mahmood Jawd. (2020). Review on Hospital Bacteria (Causes, Infections, Prevention). Infection, 11(2020) 16.
[21] Vijaykrishna D, Smith GJ, Zhang JX, Peiris JS, Chen H, Guan Y. Evolutionary insights into the ecology of coronaviruses". Journal of Virology. 81(8) (2007) 4012–20. doi:10.1128/jvi.02605-06. PMC 1866124 . PMID 17267506.
[22] Nagham Mahmood Aljamali , Hasaneen Kudhair Abdullabass, Imad Kareem Alwan Alsabri, Nemah Sahib Mohammed Husien, Ahmed Adnan Abdul Hussein, Wisam Hassan Ali Alfartosi., Review on Reasons for The Spread of Corona Virus., International Journal of Cell Biology and Cellular Process, 6(1)(2020).
[23] Nagham Mahmood Aljamali .,Imad Kareem Alwan A., Hasaneen Kudhair Abdullabass., Aseel Mahmood Jawad .,Intisar O Alfatlawi ., Ahmed Adnan Abdul H .,Manar Ghyath Abd Almutalib A , Review in SARS-Corona Virus (Types, Infection, Diagnosis, Chemical Antiseptics for this Virus), Journal of Science and Technology, 05(3) (2020) 111-224.
[24] Nagham Mahmood Aljamali ,Muhsin Mohammed Al Najim (2020). Review in Hospital-Acquired Infection. International Journal of Advances in Engineering Research. 20(3) (2020) 7-20.
[25] Nagham Mahmood Aljamali., Aseel Mahmood Jawd.,Anaam Jawad Alabbasy, Layla Ali M S. A Literature Review on Types of Contamination (Biological, Chemical, Medical). International Journal of International Journal of Green Chemistry .; 5 (1) (2019) 7–14. [26] Gouilh MA, Puechmaille SJ, Gonzalez JP, Teeling E, Kittayapong P, Manuguerra JC. SARS-Coronavirus ancestor's foot-prints in South-East Asian bat colonies and the refuge theory. Infection, Genetics and Evolution. 11 (7) (2011) 1690–702. doi:10.1016/j.meegid.2011.06.021 PMID 21763784.
[27] Cui J, Han N, Streicker D, Li G, Tang X, Shi Z, et al. Evolutionary relationships between bat coronaviruses and their hosts. Emerging Infectious Diseases. 13 (10) (2007) 1526–32. doi:10. 3201/eid1310.070448 . PMC 2851503. PMID 18258002.
[28] Crossley BM, Mock RE, Callison SA, Hietala SK, Identification and characterization of a novel alpaca respiratory coronavirus most closely related to the human coronavirus 229E. Viruses, 4 (12) (2012) 3689–700, doi:10.3390/v4123689. PMC 3528286. PMID 23235471.
[29] Forgie S, Marrie TJ. Healthcare-associated atypical pneumonia. Seminars in Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine. 30 (1) (2009) 67–85. doi:10.1055/s-0028-1119811. PMID 19199189.
[30] Corman VM, Muth D, Niemeyer D, Drosten C. Hosts and Sources of Endemic Human Coronaviruses. Advances in Virus Research. 100 (2018) 163–88. doi:10.1016/bs.aivir.2018.01.001. ISBN 978-0-12-815201-0 . PMID 29551135.
[31] Wang C, Horby PW, Hayden FG, Gao GF. A novel coronavirus outbreak of global health concern. Lancet. 395 (10223) (2020) 470–473. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30185-9. PMID 31986257.
[32] Lau EH, Hsiung CA, Cowling BJ, Chen CH, Ho LM, Tsang T, et al. A comparative epidemiologic analysis of SARS in Hong Kong, Beijing and Taiwan. BMC Infectious Diseases. 10(50) (2010). doi:10.1186/1471-2334-100. PMC 2846944. PMID 20205928.
[33] Karlberg J, Chong DS, Lai WY. Do men have a higher case fatality rate of severe acute respiratory syndrome than women do?. American Journal of Epidemiology. 159 (3) (2004) 229–31. doi:10.109 3/aje/ kwh056. PMID 14742282.
[34] Oh MD, Park WB, Park SW, Choe PG, Bang JH, Song KH, et al. (March 2018). Middle East respiratory syndrome: what we learned from the 2015 outbreak in the Republic of Korea. The Korean Journal of Internal Medicine. 33 (2) (2018) 233–246. doi:10.3904/kjim.2018.031. PMC 5840604. PMID 29506344.
[35] Ñamendys-Silva SA. Respiratory support for patients with COVID-19 infection. The Lancet. Respiratory Medicine. doi:10.1016/S2213-2600(20) (2020) 30110-7. PMID 32145829.
[36] Doucleef M, Scientists Go Deep On Genes Of SARS-Like Virus. Associated Press. Archived from the original on 2012-09-27. Retrieved 2012-09-27.
[37] Falco M. New SARS-like virus poses medical mystery. CNN Health. Archived from the original on 2013-11-01. Retrieved 2013-03-16.
[38] Kelland K. New virus not spreading easily between people: WHO. Reuters . Archived from the original on 2012-11-24. Retrieved 2013-03-16.
[39] Sang-Hun C. MERS Virus's Path: One Man, Many South Korean Hospitals. The New York Times. Archived from the original on 2017-07-15. Retrieved 2017-03-01.
[40] Cohen J. Wuhan seafood market may not be source of novel virus spreading globally. Science Mag American Association for the Advancement of Science. (AAAS). Archived from the original on 2020-01-27. Retrieved 2020-01-29.
[41] Eschner K. We're still not sure where the COVID-19 really came from. Popular Science . Archived from the original on 2020-01-30. Retrieved 2020-01-30.
[42] Hui DS, I Azhar E, Madani TA, Ntoumi F, Kock R, Dar O. The continuing 2019-nCoV epidemic threat of novel coronaviruses to global health—The latest 2019 novel coronavirus outbreak in Wuhan, China. International Journal of Infectious Diseases. 91 (2020) 264–66. doi:10.1016/j.ijid. 2020.01.009. PMID 31953166.
[43] Eschner K. We're still not sure where the COVID-19 really came from. Popular Science. Archived from the original on 2020-01-30. Retrieved 2020, 1, 30.
[44] Murphy FA, Gibbs EP, Horzinek MC, Studdart MJ. Veterinary Virology. Boston: Academic Press. (1999) 495–508. ISBN 978-0-12-511340-3.
[45] Bande F, Arshad SS, Bejo MH, Moeini H, Omar AR, Progress and challenges toward the development of vaccines against avian infectious bronchitis. Journal of Immunology Research. 2015: 424860. doi:10.1155/2015/ 424860. PMC 4411447. PMID 25954763.
[46] Murray J (2014-04-16). "What's New With Ferret FIP-like Disease?" (xls). Archived from the original on 2014-04-24. Retrieved 2014-04-24.
[47] Weiss SR, Navas-Martin S. Coronavirus pathogenesis and the emerging pathogen severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus". Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews. 69 (4) (2005) 635–64. doi:10.1128/ MMBR.69.4.635-664.2005. PMC 1306801. PMID 16339739.
[48] Zhou P, Fan H, Lan T, Yang XL, Shi WF, Zhang W, et al. Fatal swine acute diarrhoea syndrome caused by an HKU2-related coronavirus of bat origin. Nature. 556 (7700) (2018) 255–58. Bibcode:2018Natur.556 .255Z . doi:10.1038/s41586-018-0010-9. PMID 29618817.
[49] Tirotta E, Carbajal KS, Schaumburg CS, Whitman L, Lane TE. Cell replacement therapies to promote remyelination in a viral model of demyelination. Journal of Neuroimmunology. 224 (1–2)(2010)101–07. doi:10.1016/j.jneuroim.2010.05.013. PMC 2919340. PMID 20627412.
[50] Cruz JL, Sola I, Becares M, Alberca B, Plana J, Enjuanes L, Zuñiga S., Coronavirus gene 7 counteracts host defenses and modulates virus virulence. PLoS Pathogens.7 (6) (2011) e1002090. doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1002090. PMC 3111541. PMID 21695242.
[51] Cruz JL, Becares M, Sola I, Oliveros JC, Enjuanes L, Zúñiga S. Alphacoronavirus protein 7 modulates host innate immune response. Journal of Virology. 87 (17) (2013) 9754–67. doi:10.1128/JVI.01032-13 . PMC 3754097. PMID 23824792.
[52] Wei X, She G, Wu T, Xue C, Cao Y. PEDV enters cells through clathrin-, caveolae-, and lipid raft-mediated endocytosis and traffics via the endo-/lysosome pathway. Veterinary Research. 51 (1) (2020) 10. doi:10.1186/s13567-020-0739-7. PMC 7011528. PMID 32041637.
[53] Thiel V (editor), Coronaviruses: Molecular and Cellular Biology (1st ed.). Caister Academic Press(2007) . ISBN 978-1-904455-16-5.
[54] Fan Y, Zhao K, Shi ZL, Zhou P. Bat Coronaviruses in China. Viruses. 11 (3)(2019)210. doi:10.3390/v11030210. PMC 6466186. PMID 30832341.
[55] De Groot RJ, Baker SC, Baric R, Enjuanes L, Gorbalenya AE, Holmes KV, Perlman S, Poon L, Rottier PJ, Talbot PJ, Woo PC, Ziebuhr J. Family Coronaviridae. In King AM, Lefkowitz E, Adams MJ, Carstens EB, International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses, International Union of Microbiological Societies. Virology Division (eds.). Ninth Report of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses. Oxford: Elsevier. (2011) 806–28. ISBN 978-0-12-384684-6.
[56] Sexton NR, Smith EC, Blanc H, Vignuzzi M, Peersen OB, Denison MR. Homology-Based Identification of a Mutation in the Coronavirus RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase That Confers Resistance to Multiple Mutagens. Journal of Virology. 90 (16) (2016) 7415–28. doi:10.1128/JVI.00080-16. PMC 4984655
[57] McIntosh K. Arber W, Haas R, Henle W, Hofschneider PH, Jerne NK, Koldovský P, Koprowski H, Maaløe O, Rott R (eds.). Coronaviruses: A Comparative Review. Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology / Ergebnisse der Mikrobiologie und Immunitäts for schung. Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology / Ergebnisse der Mikrobiologie und Immunitäts for schung. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer: 87(1974) doi:10.1007/978-3-642-65775-7_3. ISBN 978-3-642-65775-7.
[58] Kahn JS, McIntosh K. History and recent advances in coronavirus discovery. The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal. 24 (11Suppl) (2005) S223–27, discussion S226. doi:10.1097/01.inf.0 000188166.17324.60 . PMID 16378050.
[59] Geller C, Varbanov M, Duval RE. Human coronaviruses: insights into environmental resistance and its influence on the development of new antiseptic strategies.Viruses.4 (11) (2012) 3044–68. doi:10.3390/v 4113044. PMC 3509683. PMID 23202515.
[60] Almeida JD, Berry DM, Cunningham CH, Hamre D, Hofstad MS, Mallucci L, McIntosh K, Tyrrell DA. Virology: Coronaviruses. Nature. 220(5168)(1968)650. doi:10.1038/220650b0. PMC 7086490. [T]here is also a characteristic "fringe" of projections 200 A long, which are rounded or petal shaped..This appearance, recalling
[61] The solar corona, is shared by mouse hepatitis virus and several viruses recently recovered from man, namely strain B814, 229E and several others.
[62] Sturman LS, Holmes KV . Lauffer MA, Maramorosch K (eds.). The molecular biology of coronaviruses. Advances in Virus Research. 1983, 28: 35–112. doi:10.1016/s0065-3527(08)60721-6. PMID 6362367. [T]hese viruses displayed a characteristic fringe of large, distinctive, petal-shaped peplomers or spikes which resembled a crown, like the corona spinarum in religious art; hence the name coronaviruses.
[63] Goldsmith CS, Tatti KM, Ksiazek TG, Rollin PE, Comer JA, Lee WW, Ultrastructural characterization of SARS coronavirus". Emerging Infectious Diseases., 10 (2) (2004) 320–26. doi:10.3201/ eid1002.030913. PMC 3322934 . PMID 15030705.
[64] Fehr AR, Perlman S . Maier HJ, Bickerton E, Britton P (eds.). Coronaviruses: an overview of their replication and pathogenesis. Methods in Molecular Biology. Springer. 2015, 1282: 1–23. doi:10.1007 /978-1-4939-2438-7_1. ISBN 978-1-4939-2438-7. PMC 4369385. PMID 25720466. See section: Virion Structure.
[65] Neuman BW, Adair BD, Yoshioka C, Quispe JD, Orca G, Kuhn P. Supramolecular architecture of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus revealed by electron cryomicroscopy. Journal of Virology, 80 (16) (2006) 7918–28. doi:10.1128/JVI.00645- 06. PMC 1563832. PMID 16873249. Particle diameters ranged from 50 to 150 nm, excluding the spikes, with mean particle diameters of 82 to 94 nm;
[66] Chang CK, Hou MH, Chang CF, Hsiao CD, Huang TH. The SARS coronavirus nucleocapsid protein--forms and functions. Antiviral Research. 103 (2014) 39–50. doi:10.1016/j.antiviral. 2013.12.009 . PMID 24418573.
[67] Neuman BW, Kiss G, Kunding AH, Bhella D, Baksh MF, Connelly S, et al. A structural analysis of M protein in coronavirus assembly and morphology. Journal of Structural Biology. 174 (1) (2011)11– 22. doi:10.1016/j.jsb.2010.11.021. PMC 4486061. PMID 21130884.
[68] Snijder EJ, Bredenbeek PJ, Dobbe JC, Thiel V, Ziebuhr J, Poon LL, et al. Unique and conserved features of genome and proteome of SARScoronavirus, an early split-off from the coronavirus group 2 lineage. Journal of Molecular Biology. 331 (5) (2003) 991– 1004. doi:10.1016/S0022-2836(03)00865-9. PMID 12927536.
[69] Simmons G, Zmora P, Gierer S, Heurich A, Pöhlmann S. Proteolytic activation of the SARS-coronavirus spike protein: cutting enzymes at the cutting edge of antiviral research. Antiviral Research. 100 (3)(2013) 605– 14. doi:10.1016/j.antiviral.2013.09.028. PMC 3889862. PMID 241210 34.
[70] Sexton NR, Smith EC, Blanc H, Vignuzzi M, Peersen OB, Denison MR. Homology-Based Identification of a Mutation in the Coronavirus RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase That Confers Resistance to Multiple Mutagens. Journal of Virology. 90 (16) (2016) 7415– 28. doi:10.1128/JVI.00080-16. PMC 4984655
[71] Fehr AR, Perlman S. Coronaviruses: an overview of their replication and pathogenesis. In Maier HJ, Bickerton E, Britton P (eds.). Coronaviruses. Methods in Molecular Biology. 1282. Springer. (20105) 1–23. doi:10. 1007/978-1-4939-2438-7_1. ISBN 978-1-4939- 2438-7. PMC 4369385. PMID 25720466.
[72] Masters PS. The molecular biology of coronaviruses". Advances in Virus Research. Academic Press. 66(2006) 193– 292. doi:10.1016/S0065-3527(06)66005-3. ISBN 978- 0120398690. PMI D 16877062 .
[73] Cui J, Li F, Shi ZL, Origin and evolution of pathogenic coronaviruses. Nature Reviews. Microbiology. 17 (3) (2019) 181– 92. doi:10.1038/s41579-018-0118-9. PMID 30531947. Different SARS-CoV strains isolated from several hosts vary in their binding affinities for human ACE2 and consequently in their infectivity of human cells 76, 78 .
[74] Li F, Li W, Farzan M, Harrison SC. Structure of SARS coronavirus spike receptor-binding domain complexed with receptor. Science. 309 (5742) (2005) 1864–68. Bibcode:2005Sci.309.1 864L. doi:10.1126 /science.1116480. PMID 16166518.
[75] Wertheim JO, Chu DK, Peiris JS, Kosakovsky Pond SL, Poon LL. A case for the ancient origin of coronaviruses. Journal of Virology. 87 (12) (2013) 7039–45. doi:10.1128/JVI.03273- 12. PMC 367 6139. PMID 23596293.
[76] Woo PC, Lau SK, Lam CS, Lau CC, Tsang AK, Lau JH, et al. Discovery of seven novel Mammalian and avian coronaviruses in the genus delta coronavirus supports bat coronaviruses as the gene source of alpha coronavirus and beta coronavirus and avian coronaviruses as the gene source of gamma coronavirus and delta coronavirus. Journal of Virology. 86 (7) (2012) 3995– 4008. doi:10.1128/JVI.0 6540-11. PMC 3302495. PMID 22278237.
[77] Bidokhti MR, Tråvén M, Krishna NK, Munir M, Belák S, Alenius S, Cortey M. Evolutionary dynamics of bovine coronaviruses: natural selection pattern of the spike gene implies adaptive evolution of the strains. The Journal of General Virology. 94 (Pt 9) (2013) 2036– 49. doi:10.1099/vir.0.054940-0. PMID 23804565.
[78] Vijgen L, Keyaerts E, Moës E, Thoelen I, Wollants E, Lemey P. Complete genomic sequence of human coronavirus OC43: molecular clock analysis suggests a relatively recent zoonotic coronavirus transmission event. Journal of Virology. 79 (3)(2005) 1595–604. doi:10.1128/ jvi.79.3. 1595-1604.2005. PMC 544107 . PMID 15650185.
[79] Lau SK, Lee P, Tsang AK, Yip CC, Tse H, Lee RA. Molecular epidemiology of human coronavirus OC43 reveals evolution of different genotypes over time and recent emergence of a novel genotype due to natural recombination. Journal of Virology. 85 (21) (2013) 11325–37. doi:10.1128/JVI.0 5512-11. PMC 3194943 . PMID 21849456.
[80] Lau SK, Li KS, Tsang AK, Lam CS, Ahmed S, Chen H. Genetic characterization of Beta coronavirus lineage C viruses in bats reveals marked sequence divergence in the spike protein of pipistrellus bat coronavirus HKU5 in Japanese pipistrelle: implications for the origin of the novel Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus. Journal of Virology. 87 (15) (2013) 8638–50. doi:10.1128/JVI.01055-13. PMC 3719811. PMID 23720729.

Keywords
mutation ,Covide.19 ,Corona Virus, infection.

IJBTT - Volume 8 - Issue 4 - 2018

Penicillin G acylase producing bacteria isolated from forest soil

	International Journal of Biotech Trends and Technology (IJBTT)
	© 2016 by IJBTT Journal
	Volume - 6 Issue - 1
	Year of Publication : 2016
	Authors : Arjun. J K, Aneesh. B, Kavitha. T, Harikrishnan. K

Citation

Arjun. J K, Aneesh. B, Kavitha. T, Harikrishnan. K "Penicillin G acylase producing bacteria isolated from forest soil", International Journal of Biotech Trends and Technology (IJBTT), V6(1): 7-11 Jan - Mar 2016, Published by Seventh Sense Research Group.

Abstract

The development of resistance by microorganisms to penicillin G and other ? lactam antibiotics has prompted the search for new ? lactam antibiotics. Microorganisms are an important source of penicillin G acylase (PGA) (EC 3.5.1.11), which hydrolyses penicillins to 6-amino penicillanic acid (6-APA) and 7-amino des-acetoxy cephalosporanic acid (7-ADCA), the ? lactam antibiotic intermediates which are widely used by the pharmaceutical industries as the starting material for the manufacture of several semi synthetic antibiotics. In this study penicillin g acylase producing bacterial strains were isolated from the forest soil in Western Ghats. The isolated bacterial strains were screened for PGA production and the positive strain (RG_PGA 269) showing the highest activity was selected for further studies. The bacterial strain showed 2.22 U/ml enzyme activities. The presence of PGA gene in the isolate was confirmed by PCR using the gene specific primers. Molecular identification of the strain was done by 16 S rRNA gene amplification, sequencing and homology analysis of the sequence using NCBI BLAST. The Phylogenetic analysis of the strain was studied along with selected sequences from database and found that the isolate formed cluster with Bacillus megaterium.

References

[1] G. Flores, X. Soberon, J. Osuna, ?Production of a fully functional, permuted single-chain penicillin G acylase, Protein Sci. 13, 1677–1683, 2004.
[2] M. Arroyo, I. De la Mata, C. Acebal, P.M. Castillon, ?Biotechnological applications of penicillin acylases: state of the art, Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 60,507–514, 2003.
[3] J. Rajendhran, P. Gunasekaran, ?Recent biotechnological interventions for developing improved penicillin G acylases, J. Biosci. Bioeng. 97, 1–13,2004.
[4] A.K. Chandel, L.V. Rao, M.L. Narasu, O.V. Singh, ?The realm of penicillin G acylase in ?-lactam antibiotics, Enzyme Microb.Tech. 42,199–207, 2008.
[5] R.P. Elander, ?Industrial production of beta-lactam antibiotics, Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 61,385–392, 2003.
[6] A. Parmar, H. Kumar, S.S. Marwaha, J.F. Kennedy, ?Advances in enzymatic transformation of penicillins to 6- aminopenicillanic acid (6-APA), Biotechnol. Adv.18,289– 301,2000.
[7] M. Kafshnochi, S. Farajnia, R. Aboshof, H. Babaei, M. Aminolroayaee, ?Cloning and over-expression of Penicillin G acylase in Escherichia coli BL21, Afr. J.Biotechnol. 9, 2697-2701, 2010.
[8] X. Wang, J.F. Preston, T. Romeo, ?The pga ABCD Locus of Escherichia coli promotes the Synthesis of a Polysaccharide Adhesin Required for Biofilm Formation, J. Bacteriol. 186, 2724-2734,2004.
[9] V. Kasche, K. Lummer, A. Nurk, E. Piotraschke, A. Rieks, S. Stoeva, W. Voelter, ?Intramolecular autoproteolysis initiates the maturation of penicillin amidase from Escherichia coli, Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 1433, 76–86, 1999.
[10] W.J. Lin, S.W. Huang, C.P. Chou, ?DegP-coexpression minimizes inclusion-body formation upon overproduction of recombinant penicillin acylase in Escherichia coli, Biotechnol. Bioeng. 73,484–492, 2001.
[11] V. Meevootisom, P. Somsuk, R. Prachaktam, T.W. Flegel, ?Simple screening method for isolation of Penicillin Acylase- Producing Bacteria, Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 46, 1227- 1229,1983.
[12] K. Balasingham, D. Warburton, P. Dunnill, M.D. Lilly, ?The isolation and kinetics of penicillin amidases from Escherichia coli, Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 276, 250–256, 1972.
[13] P.S. Nys, T.S. Kolygina, M.M. Garaev, ?Penicillin amidase from E. coli a direct spectrophotometric method of determining the enzyme`s activity, Antibiotiki. 22, 211- 216,1977.
[14] P.K. Vohra, R. Sharma, D.R. Kashyap, R. Tewari, ?Enhanced production of penicillin G acylase from a recombinant Escherichia coli, Biotechnol. Lett. 23, 531- 535,2001.
[15] M.F. Polz, C. Harbison, C.M. Cavanaugh, ?Diversity and heterogeneity of epibiotic bacterial communities on the marine nematode Eubostrichus dianae, Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 65, 4271-4275, 1999.
[16] T. Hall. (2001) Bioedit version 5.0.6. Department of Microbiology, North California State University. http://www.mbio.ncsu.edu/BioEdit/bioedit.html
[17] K. Tamura, J. Dudley, M. Nei, S. Kumar, ?MEGA4: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis (MEGA) Software Version 4.0, Mol. Biol. Evol. 24,1596-1599,2007.
[18] L.P. Marrelli, ?Colorimetric method for determination of 7? aminocephalosporanic acid (7 ? ACA) and related compounds, J. Pharm. Science. 57, 2172-2173, 1968.
[19] R. Arshad, M. Saba, ?Studies on coexistence of penicillin G acylase and betalactamase in Escherichia coli, Pak. J. Microbiol. 1, 13-18, 2001.
[20] H. Luo, H. Yu, Q. Li, Z. Shen, ?Rapid cloning and expression of glutaryl-7-aminocephalosporanic acid acylase genes from soil samples, Tsinghua. Sci. Technol. 10, 529- 534, 2005.
[21] E. Vandamme, P. Voets, ?Microbiol penicillin acylases, Adv. Appl. Microbiol. 17, 311, 1974.
[22] M. Cole, T. Savidge, H. Vanderhaeghe, ?Penicillin acylase (assay), Methods Enzymol. 43, 698, 1975.
[23] V.R. Souza, A.C.G. Silva, L.M. Pinotti, H.S.S. Araújo, R.D.L.C. Giordano, ?Characterization of the penicillin G acylase from Bacillus megaterium ATCC 14945, Braz. Arch. Biol. Technol. 48, 105-111, 2005.
[24] S. Yang, H. Huang, R. Zhang, X. Huang, S. Li, Z. Yuan, ?Expression and purification of extracellular penicillin G acylase in Bacillus subtilise, Protein Expr. Purif. 21, 60-64, 2001.

Keywords
PGA, 6-APA, ? lactam antibiotics, 16s rRNA gene, NCBI BLAST.

Biotechnological Intervention In The Biosynthesis of Carotenoids

	International Journal of Biotech Trends and Technology (IJBTT)
	© 2021 by IJBTT Journal
	Volume - 11 Issue - 3
	Year of Publication : 2021
	Authors : Muhammad Azeem, Tanzeela Rehman, Muhammad Faiq, Uzma Qaisar
	DOI :  10.14445/22490183/IJBTT-V11I3P606

Citation

MLA Style:Muhammad Azeem, Tanzeela Rehman, Muhammad Faiq, Uzma Qaisar  "Biotechnological Intervention In The Biosynthesis of Carotenoids" International Journal of Biotech Trends and Technology 11.3 (2021): 42-50.

APA Style:Muhammad Azeem, Tanzeela Rehman, Muhammad Faiq, Uzma Qaisar(2021). Biotechnological Intervention In The Biosynthesis of CarotenoidsInternational Journal of Biotech Trends and Technology, 11(3), 42-50.

Abstract

Carotenoids are a group of naturally occurring pigments found in fruits and other plant parts. Due to their color and nutritional value, they have many industrial applications and are generally synthesized by micro-organisms. Here in this review, we discussed the history, sources, biosynthetic pathways in various microorganisms, and biotechnology interventions in the production of these industrially important molecules. Carotenoids are synthesized in the chloroplast by the action of a series of nuclear-encoded membrane proteins. These gene products are synthesized in the cytoplasm with precursor polypeptides containing amino-terminal extensions that lead them to the chloroplasts. The biosynthesis of carotenoids has been exhaustively reviewed in this article. This review will accentuate various biotechnological approaches adopted to increase carotenoid accumulation in plants.

References

[1] Khachik F, Spangler CJ, Smith JC, Canfield LM, Steck A, Pfander H., Identification, quantification, and relative concentrations of carotenoids and their metabolites in human milk and serum. Anal Chem; 69 (1997) 1873–1881.
[2] Tapiero H, Townsend DM, Tew KD., The role of carotenoids in the prevention of human pathologies. Biomed Pharmacother; 58 (2004) 100–110.
[3] Goodwin TW, Birkhäuser Verlag, Basel, Stuttgart., Biosynthesis. In O Isler, (Ed) Carotenoids; (1971) 577-636.
[4] Goodwin TW., The biochemistry of the carotenoids. 1 Chapman and Hall London; (1980) 377.
[5] Micronutrient Information Center, Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University. 1 (2016). Retrieved 17 April 2019.
[6] Berman J, Zorrilla-López U, Farré G, Zhu C, Sandmann G, Twyman RM, Capell T, Christou P., Nutritionally important carotenoids as consumer products. Phytochem Rev; 14 (2015) 727-743.
[7] Henríquez V, Escobar C, Galarza J, Gimpel J., Carotenoids in microalgae. In Carotenoids in Nature. Springer International Publishing; (2016) 219-237.
[8] Stafsnes MH, Josefsen KD, Andersen GK, Valla S, Ellingsen TE, Bruheim P., Isolation and characterization of marine pigmented bacteria from norwegian coastal waters and screening for carotenoids with UVA-blue light absorbing properties. J. Microbiol; 48(1) (2010) 16-23.
[9] Johnson EA, Schroeder WA., Microbial carotenoids. Adv Biochem Eng Biotechnol; 53 (1995a) 119-178.
[10] Christaki E, Giannenas I, Paneri PF, Bonos E., Functional properties of carotenoids originating from algae. J Sci Food Agric; 93 (2013) 5-11
[11] Amorim-Carrilho KT, Cepeda A, Fente C, Regal P., Review of methods for analysis of carotenoids. Trends Anal Chem; 56 (2014) 49-73.
[12] Mata-Goméz LC, Montañes JC, Méndez-Zavala A, Aguilar CL., Biotechnological production of carotenoids by yeasts: an overview. Microb Cell Fact; 13 (2014) 1-11.
[13] https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/alpha-Carotene
[14] Oliveira CG., Extração e caracterização do betacaroteno produzido por Rhodotorula glutinis tendo como substrato tendo o suco de caju. Universidade Federal do Ceará. Fortaleza; (2010).
[15] Valduga E, Tatsch PO, Tiggemann L, Treichel H, Toniazzo G, Zeni J, Di luccio M., Produção de carotenoides: micro-organismos como fonte de pigmentos naturais. Quimica Nova; 32 (9) (2009) 2429-2436.
[16] Zhang L, Selão TT, Selstam E, Norling B., Subcellular Localization of Carotenoid Biosynthesis in Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. PLoS ONE 10(6) (2015) e0130904.
[17] Rodr?guez-Concepción M, Boronat A., Elucidation of the methylerythritol phosphate pathway for isoprenoid biosynthesis in bacteria and plastids. A metabolic milestone achieved through genomics Plant Physiology; 130 (3) (2002) 1079-1089 .
[18] Rohmer M, Knani M, Simonin P, Sutter B, Sahm H., Isoprenoid biosynthesis in bacteria A novel pathway for the early steps leading to isopentenyl diphosphate. Biochemical Journal; 295 (2) (1993) 517-524.
[19] Fasano E, Serini S, Mondella N, Trombino S, Celleno L, Lanza P, Cittadini A, Calviello G., Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Selected Natural Compounds Contained in a Dietary Supplement on Two Human Immortalized Keratinocyte Lines. BioMed Research International; (2014) 1-11.
[20] Dufossé L, Galaup P, Yaron A, Arad SM, Blanc P, Murthy KNC, Ravishankar GA., Microorganisms and microalgae as sources of pigments for food use: A scientific oddity or an industrial reality? Trends in Food Science & Technology; 16 (9) (2005) 389-406.
[21] Virtamo J, Taylor PR, Kontto J, Männistö S, Utriainen M, Weinstein SJ, Albanes D., Effects of ?-tocopherol and ?-carotene supplementation on cancer incidence and mortality: 18-Year postintervention follow-up of the Alpha-Tocopherol. Beta-Carotene Cancer Prevention Study International Journal of Cancer; 135 (1) (2014) 178-185.
[22] Zhang J, Sun Z, Sun P, Chen T, Chen T., Microalgal carotenoids: Beneficial effects and potential in human health. Food & Function; 5(3) (2014) 413-425.
[23] Viuda-Martos M, Sanchez-Zapata E, Sayas-Barberá E, Sendra E, Pérez-Álvarez J, Fernández-LópezTomato J, and tomato byproducts., Human health benefits of lycopene and its application to meat products. A review Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition; 54(8) (2014) 1032-1049.
[24] Disch A, Rohmer M., On the absence of the glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate/pyruvate pathway for isoprenoid biosynthesis in fungi and yeasts. FEMS Microbiol; 168 (1998) 201-208.
[25] Hirai N, Yoshida R, Todoroki Y, Ohigashi H., Biosynthesis of abscisic acid by the non-mevalonate pathway in plants, and by the mevalonate pathway in fungi. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem; 64 (2000) 1448-1458.
[26] Wanke M, Skorupinska K, Sweizewska E., Isoprenoid biosynthesis via 1-deoxy- D –xylulose 5-phosphate/2C-methyl- D -erithritol 4- phosphate (DOXP/MEP) pathway. Acta Biochim Pol; 48 (2001) 663–672.
[27] Umeno DM, Tobias A, Arnold FH. Diversifying carotenoid biosynthesis pathways by direct evolution. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev; 69 (2005) 51–78.
[28] Fraser PD, Bramley PM., The biosynthesis and nutritional uses of Carotenoids. Lipid Res; 43 (2004) 228-265.
[29] Hu Z, Zhang X, Wu Z, Qi H, Wang Z., Export of intracellular Monascus pigments by two-stage microbial fermentation in nonionic surfactant micelle aqueous solution. Biotechnol; 162(2-3) (2012) 202-9.
[30] Michelon M, Matos de Borba T, Ruan de Silva R, Veiga Burkert CA, de Medeiros Burkert JF., Extraction of carotenoids from Phaffia rhodozyma: A comparison between different techniques of cell disruption. Food Sci Biotech; 21 (2012) 1–8.
[31] Becerra M, Belmonte ER, Cerdán ME, Siso MIG., Extraction of intra cell proteins from Kluyveromyces lactis. Food Technol Biotech; 39 (2007) 135–139.
[32] Buxadó JA, Heynngnezz LE, Juiz AG, Tamayo G, Lima IR, Marshalleck HD, Mola EL., Scale-up of processes to isolate the misstargeted rBm86 protein from Pichia pastoris. Afr J Biotech; 11 (2004) 599–605.
[33] Mustafa A, Trevino LM, Turner C., Pressurized hot ethanol extraction of carotenoids from carrot by-products. Molecules; 17 (2012) 1809-1818.
[34] Nolan JM, Meagher K, Kashani S, Beatty S., What is meso-zeaxanthin and where does it come from? Eye; 27 (2013) 899-905.
[35] Young A J., Factors that affect the carotenoid composition of higher plants and algae. In Carotenoids in photosynthesis (ed. A. J. Young & G. Britton); London: Chapman & Hall (1993a) 161-205.
[36] Young A J., Occurrence and distribution of carotenoids in photosynthetic systems. In Carotenoids in photosynthesis (ed. A. J. Young & G. Britton); London: Chapman & Hall (1993b) 16-71.
[37] Cunningham FJ, Gantt E., Genes and enzymes of carotenoid biosynthesis in plants. A. Rev Plant Physiol Plant Mol Biol; 49 (1998) 557-583.
[38] Estevez JM, Cantero A, Reindl A, Reichler S, Leon P., 1-Deoxy-D-xylulose-5-phosphate synthase, a limiting enzyme for plastidic isoprenoid biosynthesis in plants. J Biol Chem; 276 (2001) 22901-22909.
[39] Enfissi EM, Fraser PD, Lois LM, Boronat A, Schuch W, Bramley P., Metabolic engineering of the mevalonate and non-mevalonate isopentenyl diphosphate-forming pathways for the production of health-promoting isoprenods in tomato. Plant Biotechnol J; 3 (2005) 7-27.
[40] Fray RG, Wallace A, Fraser PD, Valero D, Peter H, Peter MB, Donald G., Constitutive expression of a fruit phytoene synthase gene in transgenic tomatoes causes dwarfism by redirecting metabolites from the gibberellin pathway. Plant J; 8 (1995) 693-701.
[41] Fujisawa M, Watanabe M, Song-Kang C, Maki T, Kanji O, Norihiko M., Enrichment of Carotenoids in Flaxseed (Linum usitatissimum) by metabolic engineering with introduction of bacterial phytoene synthase gene crtB. J Biosci and Bioeng; 105 (2008) 636-641.
[42] Welsch R, Arango J, Bar C, Salazar B, Al-babili S, Beltran J, Chavarriaga, Cevallos H, Tohme J, Beyer P., Provitamin A accumulation in cassava roots (Manihot esculenta) driven by a single nucleotide polymorphism in phytoene synthase gene. The Plant Cell; 10 (2000) 3348-3356.
[43] Wan Q, Xhang X, Song M., Fruit-specific RNAi-mediated Restraining expression of Lcy Gene to enhance lycopene content in tomatoes. Chinese J Biotechnol; 23 (2007) 429-434.
[44] Qin G, Gu H, Ma L, Yiben P, Deng XW, Chen Z, Qu L., Distruption of phytoene desaturase gene results in albino and dwarf phenotypes in Arabidopsis by impairing chlorophyll, carotenoid, and gibberellin biosynthesis. Cell Res; 17 (2007) 471-482.
[45] Pogson BJ, Rissler HM., Genetic manipulation of carotenoid biosynthesis and photoprotection. Phil Trans Res Soc of London; 355 (2000) 1395-1403.
[46] Rosati C, Aquilani R, Sridhar D, Patrizia P, Carla M, Tavazza R, Bovier F, Bilal C, Giuliano G., Metabolic engineering of beta-carotene and lycopene content in tomato fruit. Plant J; 24 (2000) 413-419.
[47] D’Ambrosio C, Giorio G, Marino I, Merendino A, Petrozza A, Salfi L, Stigliani AL, Cellini F., Virtually complete conversion of lycopene into ? – carotene in fruits of tomato plants transformed with the tomato lycopene ? – cyclase (tlcy - b) cDNA. Plant Sci; 166 (2004) 207-214.
[48] Diretto G, Ravazza R, Welsch R, Pixxichini D, Mourgues F, Papacchioli V, Beyer P, Giuliano G., Metabolic engineering of potato tuber carotenoids through tuber-specific silencing of lycopene epsilon cyclase. BMC Plant Biol; 6 (2006) 1471-2229.
[49] Apel W, Bock R., Enhancement of carotenoid biosynthesis in transplastomic tomatoes by induced lycopene-to-provitamin A conversion. Plant Physiol; 151 (2009) 59-66.
[50] Ravanello MP, Ke D, Julie A, Huang B, Shewmaker CK., Coordinate expression of multiple bacterial carotenoid genes in canola leading to altered carotenoid production. Metab Eng; 5 (2003) 255-263.
[51] Diretto G, Al-Babili S, Tavaza R, Papacchioli V, Beyer P, Giuliano G., Metabolic engineering of Potato carotenoid content through Tuber-specific overexpression of a bacterial mini pathway. PLoS ONE; 2 (2007) 350.
[52] Aluru M, Yang X, Rong G, Wang Z, Shanshan L, White W, Wang K, Rodermel S., Generation of transgenic maize with enhanced provitamin A content. J Exp Bot; 59 (2008) 3551.
[53] Naqvi S, Zhu C, Farre G, Ramessar K, Bassie L, Breitenbach J, Conesa DP, Ros G, Sandmann G, Capell T, Christou P., Transgenic multivitamin corn through bioforti-fication of endosperm with three vitamins representing three distinct metabolic pathways. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA; 106 (2009) 7762-7767.
[54] Diretto G, Welsch R, Tavazza R, Mourgues F, Pizzichini D, Beyer P, Giuliano G., Silencing of beta-carotene hydroxylase increases total carotenoid and beta-carotene levels in potato tubers. BMC Plant Biol; 7 (2007a) 11.
[55] Eck V, Conlin B, Garvin DF, Mason H, Navarre DA, Brown CR., Enhancing beta-carotene content in potato by RNAi-mediated silencing of the beta-carotene hydroxylase gene. Am J Potato Res; 84 (2007) 331-342.
[56] Stalberg K, Lindgren O, Ek B, Hoglund AS., Synthesis of ketocarotenoids in the seed of Arabidopsis thaliana. Plant J; 36 (2003) 771-779.
[57] Morris WL, Ducreux LJM, Fraser PD, Millam S, Taylor MA., Engineering ketocarotenoid biosynthesis in potato tubers. Metab Eng; 8 (2006) 253-263.
[58] Suzuki S, Nishihara M, Nakatsuka T, Misawa N, Ogiwara I, Yamamura S., Flower color alteration in Lotus japonicus by modification of the carotenoid biosynthetic pathway. Plant Cell Rep; 26 (2007) 951-959.
[59] Jayaraj J, Devlin R, Punja Z., Metabolic engineering of novel keto-carotenoid production in carrot plants. Transgenic Res; 17 (2008) 489-501.
[60] Romer S, Lubeck J, Kauder F, Steiger S, Adomat C, Sandmann G., Genetic engineering of zeaxanthin-rich potato by antisense inactivation and co-suppression of carotenoid epxi-dation. Metab Eng; 4 (2002) 263-272.

Keywords
Carotenoids, xanthophylls, tetra-terpenoids, lycopene

KAP of Modern Contraceptive Methods among Women Reproductive Age Group in Kembata Tembaro Zone, Southern Ethiopia, 2018

	International Journal of Biotech Trends and Technology (IJBTT)
	© 2018 by IJBTT Journal
	Volume - 8 Issue - 4
	Year of Publication : 2018
	Authors : Eyasu Tamru­, TesfayeYitna, Bulcha Guye
	DOI :  10.14445/22490183/IJBTT-V8I4P601

Citation

MLA Style: Eyasu Tamru, TesfayeYitna, Bulcha Guye "KAP of Modern Contraceptive Methods among Women Reproductive Age Group in Kembata Tembaro Zone, Southern Ethiopia, 2018" International Journal of Biotech Trends and Technology 8.4 (2018): 1-5.

APA Style:Eyasu Tamru, TesfayeYitna, Bulcha Guye (2018). KAP of Modern Contraceptive Methods among Women Reproductive Age Group in Kembata Tembaro Zone, Southern Ethiopia, 2018. International Journal of Biotech Trends and Technology, 8(4), 1-5.

Abstract

Family planning is an important tool in the strategy to lower maternal death by spacing or preventing pregnancy. The objective if this research is to assess Knowledge, attitude and practice towards modern contraceptive methods among reproductive age group who attain Durame General Hospital June 2018. A descriptive cross-sectional community-based study was conducted. Single population proportion formula was used to calculated sample size with confidence interval of 95% assuring 5% marginal error. Proportion of sample size determination was used from Ethiopia Demographic and health survey conducted in 2016 on KAP of the reproductive age women on family planning methods showed that 35% used modern family planning of the method. The final sample size determined to be 312. We was used systematic random sampling procedure to select sample. We obtain complete data from 307 participants which make the response rate 98.4%. Among the total women in reproductive age group those who know modern contraceptives were about 74.9%, Attitude were 77.8% and the practice were 50.5% .The study revealed most of women known about contraceptives but their practice is low.

References

[1] MOH,A. A. Hand book and guideline on integrated MCH/FP services 1992:62
[2] Hanna Yilma (Md), science journal group, 2002, Modern Contraceptive Preference and Kap Study among Women of Reproductive Age Group (15-49) In Bahir-Dar Town and Periurban Area, North West Ethiopia, page (1, 2, and 3).
[3] Yamane B.etal .Current Research Journal of Social Sciences, 2015, Epidemiological and ecology of health and in Ethiopia: page267-285.
[4] WHO, international research journal ( 2001) vol (26) No(3) publication of Alan Guttmann institute, International FP perspectives PP-143
[5] ETHIOPIA Demographic and Health Survey 2016, Central Statistical Agency Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, The DHS Program ,ICF Rockville, Maryland, USA October 2016
[6] Statistical agency Ethiopia and ICF international, EDHS 2016, A. A, Ethiopia and convention ,Maryland ,USA : central statically agency and ICF international, 2016
[7] WHO, trends in maternal mortality, 1990- 2008 Estimates developed by WHO, UNICEF, UNFPA and the world bank, Geneva 2014.
[8] Jacobin R, Baka M, Jiian L, pilen, Threatened and still greatly needed family planning programs in sub-Saharan Africa , New York : the ACQUIRE project /engender health 2008 Advocacy Brief NO.S2.
[9] Musarrat Jabeen1, FouziaGul, Farmanullah Wazir2, Nargis Javed3, Knowledge, Attitude And Practices Of Contraception In Women Of Reproductive Age, Department of Gynae/Obs& Physiology KUST Institute of Medical Sciences and Department of Population Welfare, Liaquat Memorial Hospital, Kohat, Pakistan, 2014.
[10] Lily.P.kiki1, Estate E.Quin2 and susans Richiedic3, Reaching urban women with family planning services in Ahmadabad , India, Working paper No3,2007.
[11] Brahmbhatt Mansi M1, Sheth Jay K2., Balaramanamma DV3, A study of knowledge, attitude & practice towards contraception among married women of reproductive age group having ? 2 children residing in Vasna ward, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India, July-December 2013.
[12] Abinash Upadhayay1, Sanjeev Kumar Shah2,*, DeependraKaji Thapa3, Sanal T.S.4, Raju Ghimire5, knowledge, Method Among Married Women of Reproductive Age Group in Earth Quake Displaced Population of SindupalchokDisrtict, Nepal, 2017.
[13] Paul Kisia Malalu1, Koskei Alfred2, Robert Too3, Amon Chirchir3, Determinants of use of modern family planning methods: A case of Baringo North District, Kenya, 2014
[14] Snow R .et al. Attributes of contraceptive Technology: Women’s preferences in seven countrie. Prepress in Human Reproductive Research No. 48, 2014.
[15] Yigzawkebede, emergency contraceptives knowledge and practice of Gonder University students, North west in Ethioipia, 2006
[16] Tilahun T, coene G, wchters S, kassahun , leye E, etal .Family planning knowledge ,Attitude and practices among married couples in Jimma zone ,Ethiopia .2013 ;8(4): 4-8.
[17] Solomon worku1, Surafel Taddese2, Talamos Chala3, Tegenge Tadese4, assessment Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices toward modern family planning among reproductive age group DamoteWoyde, Baddesa Town, 01 Kebele, Southern Ethiopia 2004 .

Keywords
Knowledge, Attitude, Practice, Modern Contraceptive, women of Reproductive Age

IJBTT - Volume 6 - Issue 1 - 2016

In silico Drug Designing and Phytochemicals prospect in Liver Cancer Therapeutics

	International Journal of Biotech Trends and Technology (IJBTT)
	© 2021 by IJBTT Journal
	Volume - 11 Issue - 3
	Year of Publication : 2021
	Authors : Sneha Iyer, Reddy Om Sri Krishna, Vaishali Bisht, Apeksha Yadava
	DOI :  10.14445/22490183/IJBTT-V11I3P605

Citation

MLA Style:Sneha Iyer, Reddy Om Sri Krishna, Vaishali Bisht, Apeksha Yadava  "In silico Drug Designing and Phytochemicals prospect in Liver Cancer Therapeutics" International Journal of Biotech Trends and Technology 11.3 (2021): 31-41.

APA Style:Sneha Iyer, Reddy Om Sri Krishna, Vaishali Bisht, Apeksha Yadava(2021). In silico Drug Designing and Phytochemicals prospect in Liver Cancer Therapeutics International Journal of Biotech Trends and Technology, 11(3), 31-41.

Abstract

Cancer is a major public health problem worldwide. Affecting people of all ages, cancer cuts through society, causing suffering on a global scale. According to the World Health Organization, cancer is responsible for one in six deaths, making it the second most common cause of death globally. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most frequent cause of all liver cancers and constitutes 90% of liver cancers globally. The mortality in HCC is very high; about 7 Lakhs of death due to HCC occur annually and has been estimated to be 3rd common cause of death due to cancers affecting humans. The increasing knowledge of molecular and tumor biology has notably changed cancer treatment paradigms during the past 15 years. Current primary cancer management treatments include surgery, cytotoxic chemotherapy, targeted therapy, radiation therapy, endocrine therapy, and immunotherapy. Despite the endeavors and achievements made in treating cancers during the past decades, resistance to classical chemotherapeutic agents and/or novel targeted drugs continues to be a major problem in cancer therapies. The drug discovery process is very complex and includes an interdisciplinary effort for designing effective and commercially feasible drugs. In pharmaceutical, natural medicine, as well as in other scientific research, computers play a very important role, even in the development of new compounds in the quest for better therapeutic agents. A combination of rational drug design and structural biology leads to the discovery of novel therapeutic agents. For this purpose, the Computer-aided drug design (CADD) Center works with collaboration between structure biologists, biophysicists, and computational scientists for the discovery of new chemical entities. CADD and bioinformatics tools in the field of phytochemicals provide benefits like cost-saving, time to market, in-sight knowledge of drug-receptor interactions, speed up drug discovery and development.

References

[1] Anh Vu, L., Thi Cam Quyen, P., & Thuy Huong, N. (n.d.). In silico Drug Design: Prospective for Drug Lead Discovery. Retrieved from www.ijesi.org%7C%7CVolumewww.ijesi.org.,(2021)
[2] Aparoy, P., Reddy, K. And Reddanna, P. 2012. Structure and Ligand Based Drug Design Strategies in the Development of Novel 5-LOX Inhibitors, Curr Med Chem. 19(22) (2012) 3763–3778.
[3] Behzad, S., Sureda, A., Barreca, D., Nabavi, S. F., Rastrelli, L., & Nabavi, S. M., Health effects of phloretin: from chemistry to medicine. Phytochemistry Reviews, 16(3) (2017) 527–533. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11101-017-9500-x
[4] Bhatia, N., Singh, B., & Koul, A., Lycopene treatment stalls the onset of experimentally induced hepatocellular carcinoma: a radioisotopic, physiological and biochemical analysis. Hepatoma Research, 4(3) (2018) 9. https://doi.org/10.20517/2394-5079.2018.04
[5] Bijak, M. 2017. Silybin, a Major Bioactive Component of Milk Thistle (Silybum marianum L. Gaernt.)—Chemistry, Bioavailability, and Metabolism, Molecules. 22(11) (2017) 81942.
[6] Bimonte, S., Albino, V., Piccirillo, M., Nasto, A., Molino, C., Palaia, R., & Cascella, M., Epigallocatechin-3-gallate in the prevention and treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma: Experimental findings and translational perspectives. In Drug Design, Development and Therapy ., 13(2019) 611–621. Dove Medical Press Ltd. https://doi.org/10.2147/DDDT.S180079
[7] Blackadar, C. 2016. Historical review of the causes of cancer, World J Clin Oncol. 10 7(1) (2016) 54–86.
[8] Bohm, H.-J., & Schneider, G. (n.d.). Virtual Screening for Bioactive Molecules.
[9] Brady, G. P., & Stouten, P. F. W., Fast prediction and visualization of protein binding pockets with PASS. Journal of Computer-Aided Molecular Design, 14(4) (2000) 383–401. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1008124202956
[10] Christos E. Kazazis, C., Evangelopoulos, A., Kollas, A. and Vallianou, N., The Therapeutic Potential of Milk Thistle in Diabetes, Rev Diabet Stud. Summer; 11(2) (2014) 167–174.
[11] David, A., Arulmoli, R. and Parasuraman, SOverviews of Biological Importance of Quercetin: A Bioactive Flavonoid, Pharmacogn Rev.10(20) (2016) 84–89.
[12] Dong, X., Ni, B., Fu, J., Yin, X., You, L. Leng, X., Liang, X. and Ni, J., Emodin induces apoptosis in human hepatocellular carcinoma HepaRG cells via the mitochondrial caspase-dependent pathway, Oncol Rep. 40(4) (2018) 1985–1993.
[13] Farhan, M., Khan, H. Y., Oves, M., Al-Harrasi, A., Rehmani, N., Arif, H., Hadi, S. M., & Ahmad, A., Cancer therapy by catechins involves redox cycling of copper ions and generation of reactive oxygen species. Toxins, 8(2) (2016). https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins8020037
[14] Fernández-Palanca, P., Fondevila, F., Méndez-Blanco, C., Tuñón, M., Javier González-Gallego, J. and Mauriz, J., Antitumor Effects of Quercetin in Hepatocarcinoma in Vitro and In Vivo Models: A Systematic Review, 11(12) (2019) 2875.
[15] Fini, L., Piazzi, G., Daoud, Y., Selgrad, M., Maegawa, S., Garcia, M., Fogliano, V., Romano, M., Graziani, G., Vitaglione, P., Carmack, S. W., Gasbarrini, A., Genta, R. M., Issa, J. P., Boland, C. R., & Ricciardiello, L., Chemoprevention of intestinal polyps in ApcMin/+ mice fed with western or balanced diets by drinking annurca apple polyphenol extract. Cancer Prevention Research, 4(6) (2011) 907–915. https://doi.org/10.1158/1940-6207.CAPR-10-0359
[16] Gambini, J. Inglés, M. Olaso, G. Lopez-Grueso, R. Bonet-Costa, V. Gimeno-Mallench, L. Mas-Bargues, C. Abdelaziz, K. Gomez-Cabrera, M. Vina, J. and Borras, C., Properties of Resveratrol: In Vitro and In Vivo Studies about Metabolism, Bioavailability, and Biological Effects in Animal Models and Humans. Oxid Med Cell Longev. , (2015) 837042.
[17] Gupta, P., Bansal, M. P., & Koul, A., Evaluating the effect of lycopene from Lycopersicum esculentum on apoptosis during NDEA induced hepatocarcinogenesis. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, 434(3) (2013) 479–485. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbrc.2013.03.099
[18] Gururajanna, B., Al-Katib, A. A., Li, Y. W., Aranha, O., Vaitkevicius, V. K., & Sarkar, F. H., Molecular effects of taxol and caffeine on pancreatic cancer cells. International Journal of Molecular Medicine, 4(5) (1999) 501–507. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.4.5.501
[19] Hamza, A., Wei, N. N., & Zhan, C. G., Ligand-based virtual screening approach using a new scoring function. Journal of Chemical Information and Modeling, 52(4) (2012) 963–974. https://doi.org/10.1021/ci200617d
[20] He, P., Noda, Y., & Sugiyama, K., Suppressive effect of coffee on lipopolysaccharide-induced hepatitis in D-galactosamine-sensitized rats. Bioscience, Biotechnology and Biochemistry, 65(8) (2001) 1924–1927. https://doi.org/10.1271/bbb.65.1924
[21] Hopkins, A. L., Keserü, G. M., Leeson, P. D., Rees, D. C., & Reynolds, C. H., The role of ligand efficiency metrics in drug discovery. Nature Reviews Drug Discovery, 13(2) (2014) 105–121. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrd4163
[22] Hoshyar, R., & Mollaei, H., A comprehensive review on anticancer mechanisms of the main carotenoid of saffron, crocin. Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, 69(11) (2017) 1419–1427. https://doi.org/10.1111/jphp.12776
[23] Hsu, S., Chung, J., Anticancer potential of Emodin, Biomedicine (Taipei).2(3) (2012) 108–116.
[24] Imenshahidi, M., Hosseinzadeh, H. Berberine and barberry (Berberis vulgaris): A clinical review, Phytother Res. 33(3) 504-523.
[25] Ip, B. C., Hu, K. Q., Liu, C., Smith, D. E., Obin, M. S., Ausman, L. M., & Wang, X. D., Lycopene metabolite, apo-10?-lycopenoic acid, inhibits diethylnitrosamine-initiated, high fat diet-promoted hepatic inflammation and tumorigenesis in mice. Cancer Prevention Research, 6(12) (2013) 1304–1316. https://doi.org/10.1158/1940-6207.CAPR-13-0178
[26] Jang, M. H., Shin, M. C., Kang, I. S., Baik, H. H., Cho, Y. H., Chu, J. P., Kim, E. H., & Kim, C. J. ., Caffeine induces apoptosis in human neuroblastoma cell line SK-N-MC. Journal of Korean Medical Science, 17(5) (2002) 674–678. https://doi.org/10.3346/jkms.2002.17.5.674
[27] Jhou, B. Y., Song, T. Y., Lee, I., Hu, M. L., & Yang, N. C., Lycopene Inhibits Metastasis of Human Liver Adenocarcinoma SK-Hep-1 Cells by Downregulation of NADPH Oxidase 4 Protein Expression. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 65(32) (2017) 6893–6903. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jafc.7b03036
[28] Kapetanovic, I., COMPUTER-AIDED DRUG DISCOVERY AND DEVELOPMENT (CADDD): in silico-chemico-biological approach,Chem Biol Interact. 171(2) (2008) 165–176.
[29] Kapetanovic, I. M., Computer-aided drug discovery and development (CADDD): In silico-chemico-biological approach. Chemico-Biological Interactions, 171(2) 165–176. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cbi.2006.12.006., (2008).
[30] Kastenholz, M. A., Pastor, M., Cruciani, G., Haaksma, E. E. J., & Fox, T. (2000). GRID/CPCA: A new computational tool to design selective ligands. Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, 43(16) (2000) 3033–3044. https://doi.org/10.1021/jm000934y
[31] Khan, H., Jia, W., Yu, Z., Zaib, T., Feng, J., Jiang, Y., Song, H., Bai, Y., Yang, B., & Feng, H., Emodin succinyl ester inhibits malignant proliferation and migration of hepatocellular carcinoma by suppressing the interaction of AR and EZH2. Biomedicine and Pharmacotherapy, 128(2020) 110244. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110244
[32] Ko, J., Sethi, G., Um, J., Shanmugam, M., Arfuso, F., Kumar, A., Bishayee, A. and Ahn, K., The Role of Resveratrol in Cancer Therapy,Int J Mol Sci.18(12) (2017) 2589.
[33] Laskowski, R. A., SURFNET: A program for visualizing molecular surfaces, cavities, and intermolecular interactions. Journal of Molecular Graphics, 13(5)(1995) 323–330. https://doi.org/10.1016/0263-7855(95)00073-9
[34] Levitt, D. G., & Banaszak, L. J., POCKET: A computer graphies method for identifying and displaying protein cavities and their surrounding amino acids. Journal of Molecular Graphics, 10(4) (1992) 229–234. https://doi.org/10.1016/0263-7855(92)80074-N
[35] Li, Y. and Martin, II, R.Herbal Medicine and Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Applications and Challenges,Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 541209.
[36] Li, Y., Yao, J., Han, C., Yang, J., Chaudhry, M., Wang, S., Liu, H., and Yin, Y., Quercetin, Inflammation and Immunity, Nutrients. 8(3) (2016) 167.
[37] Lin, S. T., Tu, S. H., Yang, P. S., Hsu, S. P., Lee, W. H., Ho, C. T., Wu, C. H., Lai, Y. H., Chen, M. Y., & Chen, L. C., Apple Polyphenol Phloretin Inhibits Colorectal Cancer Cell Growth via Inhibition of the Type 2 Glucose Transporter and Activation of p53-Mediated Signaling. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 64(36) (2016) 6826–6837. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jafc.6b02861
[38] Liu,C., Chen, K.and Chen, P., Treatment of Liver Cancer, Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med.5(9) (2015) a021535.
[39] Mein, J. R., Lian, F., & Wang, X. D. (2008). Biological activity of lycopene metabolites: Implications for cancer prevention. In Nutrition Reviews 66(12) (2008) 667–683. Nutr Rev. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1753-4887.2008.00120.x
[40] Meng, X.-Y., Zhang, H.-X., Mezei, M., & Cui, M., Molecular Docking: A Powerful Approach for Structure-Based Drug Discovery. Current Computer Aided-Drug Design, 7(2) (2012) 146–157. https://doi.org/10.2174/157340911795677602
[41] Mezei, M. , A new method for mapping macromolecular topography. Journal of Molecular Graphics and Modelling, 21(5) (2003) 463–472. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1093-3263(02)00203-6
[42] Mohanraj, K., Karthikeyan, B., Vivek-Ananth, R.,Bharath Chand, R., Aparna, S., Mangalapandi, P., and Samal, A. , IMPPAT: A curated database of Indian Medicinal Plants, Phytochemistry and Therapeutics,Sci Rep. 8(2018) 4329.
[43] Mulakayala, C., Banaganapalli, B., Mulakayala, N., Pulaganti, M., C.m., A., & Chitta, S. K., Design and evaluation of new chemotherapeutics of aloe-emodin (AE) against the deadly cancer disease: An in silico study. Journal of Chemical Biology, 6(3) (2013) 141–153. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12154-013-0097-2
[44] Muriel, P., & Arauz, J., Coffee and liver diseases. In Fitoterapia ., 81(5) (2010) 297–305). Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fitote.2009.10.003
[45] Nath, L. R., Gorantla, J. N., Thulasidasan, A. K. T., Vijayakurup, V., Shah, S., Anwer, S., Joseph, S. M., Antony, J., Veena, K. S., Sundaram, S., Marelli, U. K., Lankalapalli, R. S., & Anto, R. J., Evaluation of uttroside B, a saponin from Solanum nigrum Linn, as a promising chemotherapeutic agent against hepatocellular carcinoma. Scientific Reports, 6(1) (2016) 36318. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep36318
[46] Nehlig, A., Daval, J. L., & Debry, G., Caffeine and the central nervous system: mechanisms of action, biochemical, metabolic and psychostimulant effects. In Brain Research Reviews (Vol. 17(2) (1992) 139–170. Brain Res Brain Res Rev. https://doi.org/10.1016/0165-0173(92)90012-B
[47] Nishida, H., Omori, M., Fukutomi, Y., Ninomiya, M., Nishiwaki, S., Suganuma, M., Moriwaki, H., & Muto, Y., Inhibitory Effects of (—)?Epigallocatechin Gallate on Spontaneous Hepatoma in C3H/HeNCrj Mice and Human Hepatoma?derived PLC/PRF/5 Cells. Japanese Journal of Cancer Research, 85(3) (1994) 221–225. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1349-7006.1994.tb02085.x
[48] Noureini, S. K., & Wink, M., Antiproliferative effects of crocin in HepG2 cells by telomerase inhibition and hTERT down-regulation. Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention, 13(5) (2012) 2305–2309. https://doi.org/10.7314/APJCP.2012.13.5.2305
[49] Ohishi, T., Goto, S., Monira, P., Isemura, M., & Nakamura, Y., Anti-inflammatory Action of Green Tea. Anti-Inflammatory & Anti-Allergy Agents in Medicinal Chemistry, 15(2) (2016) 74–90. https://doi.org/10.2174/1871523015666160915154443
[50] Ouattara, B., Simard, R. E., Holley, R. A., Piette, G. J. P., & Bégin, A., Antibacterial activity of selected fatty acids and essential oils against six meat spoilage organisms. International Journal of Food Microbiology, 37(2–3) (1997) 155–162. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0168-1605(97)00070-6
[51] Panda, A., Chakraborty, D., Sarkar, I., Khan, I., and Sa, G. 2017.New insights into therapeutic activity and anticancer properties of curcumin, J Exp Pharmacol., (2017) 9: 31–45.
[52] Quan, Y., Gong, L., He, J., Zhou, Y., Liu, M., Cao, Z., Li, Y., & Peng, C., Aloe emodin induces hepatotoxicity by activating NF-?B inflammatory pathway and P53 apoptosis pathway in zebrafish. Toxicology Letters, 306 (2019) 66–79. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.toxlet.2019.02.007
[53] Rahmani, A., Al Zohairy, M., Aly S. and Khan M., Curcumin: A Potential Candidate in Prevention of Cancer via Modulation of Molecular Pathways,BioMed Research International, (2014) 1-15.
[54] Rai, B. K., Tawa, G. J., Katz, A. H., & Humblet, C., Modeling G protein-coupled receptors for structure-based drug discovery using low-frequency normal modes for refinement of homology models: Application to H3 antagonists. Proteins: Structure, Function and Bioinformatics, 78(2) (2010) 457–473. https://doi.org/10.1002/prot.22571
[55] Ru, J., Li, P., Wang, J., Zhou, W., Li, B., Huang, C., Li, P., Guo, Z., Tao, W., Yang, Y., Xu, X., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Yang, L., TCMSP: a database of systems pharmacology for drug discovery from herbal medicines,J Cheminform. 6 (13) (2014).
[56] Ruhl, C. E., & Everhart, J. E., Coffee and caffeine consumption reduce the risk of elevated serum alanine aminotransferase activity in the United States. Gastroenterology, 128(1) (2005) 24–32. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.gastro.2004.09.075
[57] Ryerson, B., Eheman, C., Altekruse, S., Ward, J., Jemal, A., Sherman, R., Henley, S., Holtzman, D., Lake, A., Noone, A., Anderson, R., Ma, J., Ly, K., Cronin, K., Penberthy, L., Kohler, B. 2016. ., Annual report to the nation on the status of cancer featuring the increasing incidence of liver cancer, Cancer., 122(9) 1312-1337.
[58] Sahin, K., Orhan, C., Tuzcu, M., Sahin, N., Ali, S., Bahcecioglu, I. H., Guler, O., Ozercan, I., Ilhan, N., & Kucuk, O., Orally administered lycopene attenuates diethylnitrosamine-induced hepatocarcinogenesis in rats by modulating Nrf-2/HO-1 and Akt/mTOR pathways. Nutrition and Cancer, 66(4) (2014) 590–598. https://doi.org/10.1080/01635581.2014.894092
[59] Saraswati, S., Alhaider, A., Abdelgadir, A. M., Tanwer, P., & Korashy, H. M., Phloretin attenuates STAT-3 activity and overcomes sorafenib resistance targeting SHP-1-mediated inhibition of STAT3 and Akt/VEGFR2 pathway in hepatocellular carcinoma. Cell Communication and Signaling, 17(1) (2019) 127. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12964-019-0430-7.,
[60] Sharma, G., Raturi, K., Dang, S., Gupta, S., & Gabrani, R., Combinatorial antimicrobial effect of curcumin with selected phytochemicals on Staphylococcus epidermidis. Journal of Asian Natural Products Research, 16(5) (2014) 535–541. https://doi.org/10.1080/10286020.2014.911289
[61] Shoichet, B. K. (2004). Virtual screening of chemical libraries. In Nature 432(7019) (2004) 862–865., Nature. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature03197
[62] Song, C. M., Lim, S. J., & Tong, J. C., Recent advances in computer-aided drug design. In Briefings in Bioinformatics 1(5) (2009) 579–591., Brief Bioinform. https://doi.org/10.1093/bib/bbp023
[63] Stice, C. P., Liu, C., Aizawa, K., Greenberg, A. S., Ausman, L. M., & Wang, X. D., Dietary tomato powder inhibits alcohol-induced hepatic injury by suppressing cytochrome p450 2E1 induction in rodent models. Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics, 572 (2015) 81–88. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.abb.2015.01.004
[64] Takahashi, Y., Hara, Y., Imanaka, M., Wanibuchi, H., Tanaka, K., Ishikawa, T., Mori, S., & Fukusato, T., No inhibitory effects of (-)-epigallocatechin gallate and lycopene on spontaneous hepatotumorigenesis in C3H/HeN mice. Fukushima Journal of Medical Science, 56(1), 17–27. https://doi.org/10.5387/fms.56.17/., (2010).
[65] Tamura, T., Wada, K., Konishi, K., Goto, Y., Mizuta, F., Koda, S., Hori, A., Tanabashi, S., Matsushita, S., Tokimitsu, N., & Nagata, C., Coffee, Green Tea, and Caffeine Intake and Liver Cancer Risk: A Prospective Cohort Study. Nutrition and Cancer, 70(8) (2018) 1210–1216. https://doi.org/10.1080/01635581.2018.1512638
[66] Uesato, S., Kitagawa, Y., Kamishimoto, M., Kumagai, A., Hori, H., & Nagasawa, H., Inhibition of green tea catechins against the growth of cancerous human colon and hepatic epithelial cells. Cancer Letters, 170(1) (2001) 41–44. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-3835(01)00571-7
[67] Varghese, L., Agarwal, C., Tyagi, A. Singh, R., Agarwal, R. 2006. Silibinin Efficacy against Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma, Clinical Cancer Research, 11(23) 8441-8.
[68] Waldum, H., Sandvik, A., Brenna, E., Fossmark, R., Qvigstad, G., and Soga, J., Classification of tumours, J Exp Clin Cancer Res. 27(1) (2008) 70.
[69] Wang, J., Wang, C. and Bu, G., Curcumin inhibits the growth of liver cancer stem cells through the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B/mammalian target of rapamycin signalling pathway,Exp Ther Med. 15(4) (2018) 3650–3658.
[70] Wang, N., & Feng, Y., Elaborating the role of natural products-induced autophagy in cancer treatment: Achievements and artifacts in the state of the art. In BioMed Research International (Vol. 2015). Hindawi Publishing Corporation. , (2015) https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/934207
[71] Wang, Q., Dai, X., Yang, W., Wang, H., Zhao, H., Yang, F., Yang, Y., Li, J., & Lv, X. (2015). Caffeine protects against alcohol-induced liver fibrosis by dampening the cAMP/PKA/CREB pathway in rat hepatic stellate cells. International Immunopharmacology, 25(2) (2015) 340–352. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intimp.2015.02.012
[72] Wang, W., Xiong, X., Li, X., Zhang, Q., Yang, W., & Du, L., In silico investigation of the anti-tumor mechanisms of epigallocatechin-3-gallate. Molecules, 24(7) (2019) https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules24071445
[73] Wang, Z., Ren, J., Jin, N., Liu, X., & Li, X., Is Crocin a Potential Anti-tumor Candidate Targeting Microtubules? Computational Insights From Molecular Docking and Dynamics Simulations. Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences, 7. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmolb.2020.586970., (2020).
[74] Wu, M., Clinical research advances in primary liver cancer,World J Gastroenterol 4(6) (1998) 471–474.
[75] Xiaoxv Dong, X.,Fu, J., Yin, X.,Cao, S., Li, X., Lin, L., Huyiligeqi. And Ni, J. 2016. Emodin: A Review of its Pharmacology, Toxicity and Pharmacokinetics, Phytother Res. 30(8) 1207–1218.
[76] Yamashita, T. and Kaneko, S., [Liver Cancer], Rinsho Byori. 64(7) (2016) 787-796.
[77] Yao, C., Liu, B. B., Qian, X. D., Li, L. Q., Cao, H. Bin, Guo, Q. S., & Zhou, G. F., Crocin induces autophagic apoptosis in hepatocellular carcinoma by inhibiting Akt/mTOR activity., (2018). OncoTargets and Therapy, 11, 2017–2028. https://doi.org/10.2147/OTT.S154586
[78] Yi, J., Yang, J., He, R., Gao, F., Sang, H., Tang, X., & Ye, R. D., Emodin Enhances Arsenic Trioxide-Induced Apoptosis via Generation of Reactive Oxygen Species and Inhibition of Survival Signaling. Cancer Research, 64(1) (2004) 108–116. https://doi.org/10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-2820-2
[79] Yu W and Jr MacKerell A., Computer-Aided Drug Design Methods,Methods Mol Biol. 1520 (2017) 85–106.
[80] Yu, J. Q., Bao, W., & Lei, J. C. (2013). Emodin regulates apoptotic pathway in human liver cancer cells. Phytotherapy Research, 27(2) (2013) 251–257. https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.4703
[81] Zhang, H., Cao, D., Cui, W., Ji, M., Qian, X., & Zhong, L. (2010). Molecular bases of thioredoxin and thioredoxin reductase-mediated prooxidant actions of (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate. Free Radical Biology and Medicine, 49(12) (2010–2018). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2010.09.031
[82] Zhang, Ling, He, D., Li, K., Liu, H., Wang, B., Zheng, L., & Li, J., Emodin targets mitochondrial cyclophilin D to induce apoptosis in HepG2 cells. Biomedicine and Pharmacotherapy, 90 (2017) 222–228. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopha.2017.03.046
[83] Zhang, Lisha, & Hung, M. C., Sensitization of HER-2/neu-overexpressing non-small cell lung cancer cells to chemotherapeutic drugs by tyrosine kinase inhibitor emodin. Oncogene, 12(3) (1996) 571–576. https://mdanderson.elsevierpure.com/en/publications/sensitization-of-her-2neu-overexpressing-non-small-cell-lung-canc
[84] Zhang, P., Wang, Q.,Lin, Z.,Yang, P.,Dou, K.and Zhang, R. 2019. Berberine Inhibits Growth of Liver Cancer Cells by Suppressing Glutamine Uptake, Onco Targets Ther. 12: 11751–11763.
[85] Zhang, Y., Owusu, L., Duan, W., Jiang, T., Zang, S., Ahmed, A., & Xin, Y., (2013). Anti-metastatic and differential effects on protein expression of epigallocatechin-3-gallate in HCCLM6 hepatocellular carcinoma cells. International Journal of Molecular Medicine, 32(4) 959–964. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2013.1446

Keywords
Liver Cancer, CADD, Phytochemicals, Natural medicine, Drug resistance.

A Comprehensive Review on Molecular Approaches for Enhancement of Bacterial Cellulase Production

	International Journal of Biotech Trends and Technology (IJBTT)
	© 2018 by IJBTT Journal
	Volume - 8 Issue - 3
	Year of Publication : 2018
	Authors : Asha BM, Ananda Vardhan Hebbani, Nida Afshan Khan, Sharon Evelin
	DOI :  10.14445/22490183/IJBTT-V8I3P602

Citation 

MLA Style: Asha BM, Ananda Vardhan Hebbani, Nida Afshan Khan, Sharon Evelin "A Comprehensive Review on Molecular Approaches for Enhancement of Bacterial Cellulase Production" International Journal of Biotech Trends and Technology 8.3 (2018): 6-11.

APA Style:Asha BM, Ananda Vardhan Hebbani, Nida Afshan Khan, Sharon Evelin, (2018). A Comprehensive Review on Molecular Approaches for Enhancement of Bacterial Cellulase Production. International Journal of Biotech Trends and Technology, 8(3), 6-11.

Abstract

Cellulases are the largest class of industrial enzymes produced worldwide because of their potential applications in cotton processing, paper recycling, juice extraction, detergent formulation, animal feed additives and their established uses in agricultural biotechnology and bioenergy production. Though many attempts have happened in the past few decades attempting to enhance the production and activity of cellulases by non molecular approaches (like Optimization of fermentative conditions and strain improvements) which are understood to have limited range of applications; molecular approaches have proved to be the best solution for many limitations faced by the other Biotechnological methods. The present review is an attempt to depict the recent advancements in the molecular approaches used to enhance the production of Bacterial cellulases.

References

[1] Bhat MK and Bhat S. Cellulose degrading enzymes and their potential industrial applications. Biotechnol Adv, vol. 15(3-4), pp. 583-620, 1997.
[2] Immanuel G, Dhanusa R, Prema P, Palavesam A. Effect of different growth parameters on endoglucanase enzyme activity by bacteria isolated from coirretting effluents of estuarine environment. Int J Environ Sci Technol, vol. 3(1), pp. 25-34, 2006.
[3] Bhat MK. Cellulase and related enzymes in Biotechnology. Biotechnol Adv, vol. 18(5), pp. 355-383, 2000.
[4] Sukumaran RK, Singhania RR, Pandey A. Microbial cellulases production, applications and challenges. J Sci Ind Res, vol. 64(1), pp. 832-844, 2005.
[5] Singh A, Kuhad RC, Ward OP. Industrial application of microbial cellulases in Lignocellulose Biotechnologgy:Future Prospects, R. C. Kuhad and A. Singh, Eds, I.K.International Publishing House, New Delhi, India, pp. 345-358, 2007.
[6] Karmakar M, Ray RR. Current trends in research and application of microbial cellulases. Res J Microbiol, vol. 6(1), pp. 41-53, 2011.
[7] Cho KM, Hong SJ, Math RK, Islam SM, Kim JO, Lee YH, Kim H, Yun HD. Cloning of two cellulase genes from endophytic Paenibacillus polymyxa GS01 and comparison with cel 44C-man 26A. J Basic Microbiol, vol. 48(6), pp. 464-72, 2008.
[8] Dwyer MA, Looger LL, Hellinga HW. Computational design of a biologically active enzyme. Science, vol. 304(5679), pp. 1967-1971, 2004.
[9] Ozaki K, Sumitomo N, Hayashi Y, Kawai S, Ito S. Site-directed mutagenesis of the putative active site of endoglucanase K from Bacillus sp. KSM-330. Biochimica Biophysica Acta, vol. 1207(2), pp. 159-164, 1994.
[10] Rignall TR, Baker JO,1 McCarter SL, Adney WS, Vinzant TB, Decker SR, Himmel ME. Effect of single active-site cleft mutation on product specificity in a thermostable bacterial cellulase. Appl Biochem Biotechnol, vol. 98(1-9), pp. 383-394, 2002.
[11] Murashima K, Kosugi A, Doi RH. Thermostabilization of cellulosomal endoglucanase EngB from Clostridium cellulovorans by in vitro DNA recombination with non-cellulosomal endoglucanase EngD. Mol Microbiol, vol. 45(3), pp. 617-626, 2005.
[12] Mahadevan SA, Wi SG, Lee DS, Bae HJ. Site-directed mutagenesis and CBM engineering of Cel5A (Thermotoga maritima). FEMS Microbiol Lett, vol. 287(2), pp. 205-211, 2008.
[13] Zhang S, Diana C, Irwin, Wilson DB. Site-directed mutation of noncatalytic residues of Thermobifida fusca exocellulase Cel6. B. Eur J Biochem, vol. 267(11), pp. 3101-3115, 2000.
[14] Cockburn DW, Clarke AJ. Modulating the pH-activity profile of cellulase A from Cellulomonas fimi by replacement of surface residues. Protein Engineering Design and Selection, vol. 24(5), pp. 429-437, 2011.
[15] Lim WJ, Hong SY, An CL, Cho KM, Choi BR, Kim YK, An JM, Kang JM, Lee SM, Cho SJ, Kim H, Yun HD. Construction of minimum size cellulase (Cel5Z) from Pectobacterium chrysanthemi PY35 by removal of the C-terminal region. Appl Microbiology and Biotechnology, vol. 68(1), pp. 46-52, 2005.
[16] Rajoka MI. Regulation of synthesis of endo-xylanase and ?-xylosidase in Cellulomonas flavigena: a Kinetic study. World J Microbiol Biotechnol, vol. 21(4), pp. 463-469, 2005.
[17] Park SR, Cho SJ, Kim MK, Ryu SK, Lim WJ, An CL, Hong SY, Kim JH, Kim H, Yun HD. Activity enhancement of Cel5Z from Pectobacterium chrysanthemi PY35 by removing C-terminal region. Biochem Biophys Res Commun, vol. 291(2), pp. 425-430, 2002.
[18] Cadena MC, Ramos GG, Peimbert M, Polaina J, Hernandez GP, Zubillaga RA. Additive effect of single amino acid replacements on the kinetic stability of ?-glucosidase, B. Protein J, vol. 31(7), pp. 615-622, 2012.
[19] Srikrishnan S, Randall A, Baldi P, Da Silva NA. Rationally selected single-site mutants of the Thermoascus aurantiacus endoglucanase increase hydrolytic activity on cellulosic substrates. Biotechnol Bioeng, vol. 109(6), pp. 1595-1599, 2012.
[20] Shim JH, Wither SG. Improvement of expression level of ?-glucosidase from Agarobacterium sp in Escherichia coli by rare codon optimization. Food Sci and Biotechnol, vol. 22(1), pp. 269-273, 2013.
[21] Baljit K,Oberoi HS, Chadha BS. Enhanced cellulase producing mutants developed from heterokaryotic Aspergillus strain. Bioresour Technol., vol. 156, pp. 100-107, 2014.
[22] Zhiyou Z, Le G, Wensheng C, Liang Y, Chao C, Shulin C, Donhyuan Z. Computer-assisted Rational modifications to improve the thermostability of ?-Glucosidase from Penicilliumpiceum H16. Bioenergy Res, vol. 8(3), pp. 1384-1390, 2015.
[23] Jinfeng Z,Hao S,Linyu X,Xiaoyan Z,Xiangqian L. Site-Directed Mutagenesis of a Hyperthermophilic Endoglucanase Cel12B from Thermotoga maritima based on rational design. PloS one, vol. 10(7):e0133824, 2015.
[24] Hibbert EG, Baganz F, Hailes HC, Ward JM, Lye GJ, Woodley JM, Dalby PA. Directed evolution of biocatalytic processes. Biomol Eng, vol. 22(1-3), pp. 11-19, 2005.
[25] Kim YS, Jung HC, Pan JG. Bacterial cell surface display of an enzyme library for selective screening of improved cellulase variants. Appl Environ Microbiol, vol. 66(2), pp. 788-93, 2000.
[26] Kim YW, Lee SS, Warren RA, Withers SG. Directed evolution of a glycosynthase from Agrobacterium sp. increases its catalytic activity dramatically and expands its substrate repertoire. J Biol Chem, vol. 279(41), pp. 42787-42793, 2004.
[27] Lin L, Meng X, Liu P, Hong Y, Wu G, Huang X, Li C, Dong J, Xio L, Liu Z. Improved catalytic efficiency of Endo-?-1,4-glucanase from Bacillus subtilis BME-15 by directed evolution. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol, vol. 82(4), pp. 671-679, 2009.
[28] Lebbink JH, Kaper T, Bron P, van der Oost J, de Vos WM. Improving low-temperature catalysis in the hyperthermostable Pyrococcus furiosus beta-glucosidase CelB by directed evolution. Biochemistry, vol. 39(13), pp. 3656–3665, 2000.
[29] Arrizubieta MJ, Polaina J. Increased thermal resistance and modification of the catalytic properties of a beta-glucosidase by random mutagenesis and in vitro recombination. J Biol Chem, vol. 275(37), pp. 28843-28848, 2000.
[30] Pei XQ, Yi ZL, Tang CG, Wu ZL. Three amino acid changes contribute markedly to the thermostability of ?-glucosidase BglC from Thermobifida fusca. Bioresour Technol, vol. 102(3), pp. 3337-3342, 2011.
[31] Sajjad A, Hui M, Muhammad WA, Yi-Heng PZ, Xiao-Zhoa Z. Directed Evolution of Clostridium phytofermentans Glycoside Hydrolase Family 9 Endonuclease for Enhanced Specific Activity on Cellulase Solid Substrate. Bioenergy Res, vol. 7(1), pp. 381-388, 2014.
[32] Harshal AC,Christine MR,TaeWan K,Meera EA,Neeraja V,Craig MD,Harvey WB,Douglas SC. Mutagenesis of Trichoderma reesei endoglucanase I: impact of expression host on activity and stability at elevated temperatures. BMC Biotechnol, vol. 15(1), pp. 11, 2015.
[33] Beguin. P. Molecular biology of cellulose degradation. Annu Rev Microbiol, vol. 44(1), pp. 219-248, 1990.
[34] Sashihara N, Kudo T, Horikoshi K. Molecular cloning and expression of cellulase genes of alkalophilic Bacillus sp. strain N4 in Escherichia coli. J Bacteriol, vol. 158(2), pp. 503-506, 1984.
[35] Kim H, Pack MY. Endo-?-1,4-glucanase encoded by Bacillus subtilis gene cloned in Bacillus megaterium. Enzyme Microb Tech, vol. 10(6), pp. 347-351, 1988.
[36] Lejeun A, Eveleigh DE, Colson C. Expression of an endoglucanase gene of Pseudomonas fluorescens var. cellulosa in Zymomonasmobilis. FEMS Microbiol Lett, vol. 49(3), pp. 363-366, 1988.
[37] Curry C, Gilkes N, O’Neill G, Miller RC, Skipper N. Expression and secretion of a Cellulomonas fimi exoglucanase in Saccharomycescerevisiae.Appl Environ Microbiol, vol. 54(2), pp. 476-484, 1988.
[38] Goachet BN, Gunasekaran P, Cami B, Baratti JC. Transfer and expression of an Erwinia chrysanthemi cellulase gene in Zymomonas mobilis. J Gen Microbiol, vol. 135(4), pp. 893-902, 1989.
[39] Baird SD, Johns SA, Seligy VL. Molecular cloning, expression, and characterization of endo-?-1,4-glucanase genes from Bacillus polymyxa and Bacillus circulans. J Bacteriol, vol. 172(3), pp. 1576-1586, 1990.
[40] Jorgensen PL, Hansen C. Multiple endo-beta-1,4-glucanase-encoding genes from Bacillus latus PL236 and characterization of the celB gene.Gene, vol. 93(1), pp. 55-60, 1990.
[41] Ozaki K, Sumitoma N, Ito S. Molecular cloning and nucleotide sequence of a gene encoding endo1,4-? glucanase from Bacillus sp KSM-330.J Gen Microbiol, vol. 137(10), pp. 2299-2305, 1991.
[42] Baek SJ, Jung KH, Kim H, Kim SF. Expression and secretion of carboxymethyl cellulase in Bacillus subtilis by Lactobacillus casei lactate dehydrogenase gene promoter. Biotechnol Lett, vol. 19(1), pp. 27-29, 1997.
[43] Blanco A, Diaz P, Martinez J, Vidal T, Torres AL, Pastor FI.Cloning of a new endoglucanase gene from Bacillus sp. BP-23 and characterisation of the enzyme. Performance in paper manufacture from cereal straw. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol, vol. 50(1), pp. 48-54, 1998.
[44] Srivastava KK, Verma PK, Srivastava R. A recombinant cellulolytic Escherichia coli: Cloning of the cellulase gene and characterization of a bifunctional cellulase. Biotechnol Lett, vol. 21(4), pp. 293-297, 1999.
[45] Lima AO, Quecine CM, Fungaro MH, Andreote FD, Maccheroni WJ, Araujo WL, Silva-Filho CL, Pizzirani-Kleiner AA, Azevedo JL.Molecular characterization of a ?-1,4-endoglucanase from an endophytic Bacillus pumilus strain. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol, vol. 68(1), pp. 57-65, 2005.
[46] Rajoka MI, Bashir A, Hussein SRA, Gauri MT, Parvez S, Malik KA. Cloning and expression of ?-glucosidase genes in Escherichiacoli and Saccharomyces cerevisiae using shuttle vector pYES 2.0.FoliaMicrobiol, vol. 43(2), pp. 129-135, 1998.
[47] Pastor FI, Pujol X, Blanco A, Vidal T, Torres AL, Diaz P. Molecular cloning and characterization of a multidomain endoglucanase from Paenibacillus sp. BP-23: Evaluation of its performance in pulp refining. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol, vol. 55(1), pp. 61-68, 2001.
[48] Zhou S, Davis FC, Ingram LO. Gene integration and expression and extracellular secretion of Erwinia chrysanthemi endoglucanase CelY (celY) and CelZ (celZ) in ethanologenic Klebsiella oxytoca P2. Appl Environ Microbiol, vol. 67(1), pp. 6-14, 2001.
[49] Eckert E, Zielenski F, Leggio LL, Schneider E. Gene cloning, sequencing, and characterization of a family 9 endoglucanase (CelA) with an unusual pattern of activity from the thermoacidophile Alicyclobacillus acidocaldarius ATCC27009. Appl Microbio Biotechnol, vol. 60(4), pp. 428-436, 2002.
[50] Eckert K, Schneider E. A thermoacidophilic endoglucanase (CelB) from Alicyclobacillus acidocaldarius displays high sequence similarity to arabinofuranosidases belonging to family 51 of glycoside hydrolases. Eur J Biochem, vol. 270(17), pp. 3593-3602, 2003.
[51] Parvez S, Mukhtar Z, Rashid F, Rajoka MI. Biolistic transformation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae with ?-glucosidase gene from Cellulomonas biazotea. African J Biotechnol, vol. 3(1), pp. 112-115, 2003.
[52] Gutirrez-Nava A, Herrera-Herrera A, Mayorga-Reyes L, Salgado LM , Ponce-Noyola T. Expression and characterization of the celcflB gene from Cellulomonas flavigena encoding an endo-beta-1,4-glucanase. Curr Microbiol, vol. 47(5), pp. 359-363, 2003.
[53] Sanchez MM, Pastor FIJ, Diaz P. Exo-mode of action of cellobiohydrolase Cel48C from Paenibacillus sp. BP-23 A unique type of cellulase among Bacillales. Eur J Biochem, vol. 270(13), pp. 2913-2919, 2003.
[54] Y, Zhang J, Liu Q, Zhang C, Ma Q. Molecular cloning of novel cellulase genes cel9A and cel12A from Bacillus licheniformis GXN151 and synergism of their encoded polypeptides. Curr Microbiol, vol. 49(4), pp. 234-238, 2004.
[55] Woo SM, Kim SD. Cloning of the cellulase gene and characterization of the enzyme from a plant growth promoting Rhizobacterium, Bacillus licheniformis K11. J Korean Soc Appl Biol Chem, vol. 50(2), pp. 95-100, 2007.
[56] Li W, Zhang WW, Yang MM, Chen YL. Cloning of the thermostable cellulase gene from newly isolated Bacillus subtilis and its expression in Escherichia coli. Mol Biotechnol, vol. 40(2), pp. 195-201, 2008.
[57] Yang D, Haibo W, Minge W, Weihua X, Yaozhao L, Huiling Y. Cloning and expression of a novel thermostable cellulase from newly isolated Bacillus subtilis strain I15. Mol Biol Rep, vol. 37(4), pp. 1923-1929, 2010.
[58] Linger JG, Adney WS, Darzins A. Heterologous expression and extracellular secretion of cellulolytic enzymes by Zymomonas mobilis. Appl Environ Microbiol, vol. 76(19), pp. 6360-6369, 2010.
[59] Fu X, Liu P, Lin L. A novel endoglucanase (Cel9P) from a marine bacterium Paenibacillus sp. BME-14.Appl Biochem Biotechnol, vol. 160(6), pp. 1627-1636, 2010.
[60] Anthi CK,Evangelos T,Paul C. Cloning,expression,and characterization of a thermostable GH7 endoglucanase from Myceliophthora thermophila capable of high-consistency enzymatic liquefaction. Appl Microbiol and Biotechnol, vol. 98(1), pp. 231-242, 2014.
[61] Muddassar Z,Sibtain A,Muhammad I,Mahmood K,Amer J. Recombinant expression and characterization of a novel endoglucanase from Bacillus subtilis in Escherichia coli. Mol Biol Rep, vol. 41(5), pp. 3295-3302, 2014.
[62] Sangeeta P, Jyoti K,Rameshwar T, RamK,Vishal Singh S, Lata N, Anil KS. Cloning and expression of ?-1, 4-endoglucanase gene from Bacillus subtilis isolated from soil long term irrigated with effluents of paper and pulp mill. Microbial Res, vol. 169 (9-10), pp. 693-698, 2014.
[63] Hui W, Wei W, Markus A, Todd VW, John OB, Larry ET, Stephen RD, Michael EH, Min Z. Engineering towards a complete heterologous cellulase secretome in Yarrowia lipolytica reveals its potential for consolidated bioprocessing. Biotechnol for Biofuels, vol. 7(1), pp. 148, 2014.
[64] Yi-Rui Y, Feng Z, Qing-Wen H, Wen-Dong X, Wael NH, En-Min Z, Hong M, Guo-Xing N, Wen-Jun L. Heterologous expression and characterization of a novel halotolerant, thermostable, and alkali-stable GH6 endoglucanase from Thermobifida halotolerans. Biotechnol Lett, vol. 37(4), pp. 857-862, 2015.
[65] Hena D, Ramesh CK, Som D, Arvind G. Cloning and expression of low temperature active endoglucanase EG5C from Paenibacillus sp. IHB B 3084. Int J Biol Macromol, vol. 81, pp. 259-266, 2015.
[66] Kelvin SCW, Teow CT, Philip K, Ismail S, Arifin Z. Cloning, expression and characterization of the endoglucanase gene from Bacillus subtilis UMC7 isolated from the gut of the indigenous termite Macrotermes malaccensis in Escherichia coli. Electron J Biotechnol, vol. 18(2), pp. 103-109, 2015.
[67] Ikram UH, Fatima A, Mahmood, AK, Zahid H, Ali N, Kaleem I, Ali JS. CenC, a multidomain thermostable GH9 processive endoglucanase from Clostridium thermocellum: cloning, characterization and saccharification studies. World J Microbiol Biotechnol, vol. 31(11), pp. 1699-1710, 2015.
[68] Sung CK, Seung HK, Eun YC, Yeon HH, Jin DB, Jae YK, Sang SL, Yun JC, In SC, Kwang KC. Cloning and Characterization of an Endoglucanase Gene from Actinomyces sp. Korean Native Goat 40. Asian-Australasians J Anim Sci, vol. 29(1), pp. 126, 2016.

Keywords
Bacterial cellulases, molecular approaches, rational design

Effect of the sensitization to Dermatophagoïdes pteronyssinus on the inflammatory response and bronchoconstrictive of brown Norway rats

	International Journal of Biotech Trends and Technology (IJBTT)
	© 2016 by IJBTT Journal
	Volume - 6 Issue - 1
	Year of Publication : 2016
	Authors : Boutchi M, Roux E, Moumouni H, Maïzoumbou D.A, Alhousseini D

Citation

Boutchi M, Roux E, Moumouni H, Maïzoumbou D.A, Alhousseini D "Effect of the sensitization to Dermatophagoïdes pteronyssinus on the inflammatory response and bronchoconstrictive of brown Norway rats", International Journal of Biotech Trends and Technology (IJBTT), V6(1): 1-6 Jan - Mar 2016, Published by Seventh Sense Research Group.

Abstract

Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease whose clinical consequences are airway obstruction. We sensitized rats brown Norwway with allergenic proteins from Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (Der P1 and Der P2) for a better understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms of this disease. Male brown Norway rats (300-400 g) were sensitized by 2 subcutaneous injections with proteins allergens (Der p1 and Der p2) (50 IR/ml) (Stallergenes AS, France) and Al2O3 at days 0 (D0) and 3 (D3), followed at D17 by intratracheal instillation of Der p. Control (C) rats (n=5) underwent the same protocol but with saline solution instead of Der p. Witness (W) rats (n=5) were not submitted to any treatment. At D24, enhanced expiratory pause (Penh), used as an index of airway resistance, was measured using a barometric plethysmograph for conscious animals. At D25, rats were killed, a bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) was performed, and isometric contraction was measured on rings isolated from trachea (T), extrapulmonary (EPB) and intrapulmonary bronchi (IPB) using an organ bath system. Maximal contraction (Fmax) and LogEC50 were derived from cumulative concentration response curves to -8 to-3 LogM carbachol (CCh). The parameters measured are: airways resistance, inflammatory cells infiltration in BAL, allergenspecific response, and hyperresponsiveness and hypersensitivity of the airways to muscarinic agonists. In BAL fluid, cellular density was significantly higher in sensitized rats (334 ± 52 cells/?l) versus Control (217 ± 18 cells/?l) and versus Witness (165 ± 52 cells/?l) rats, as was the percentage of eosinophils (S: 8.75 %; C: 1.74 %; W: 0.7 %) and mast cells (S: 0.5 %; C: 0.2 %; W: 0 %). Allergen challenge increased Penh in sensitized rats, but not in Control and Witness rats. In vitro stimulation by Der p induced contraction of trachea, EPB and IPB rings isolated from S, but not C and W rats. In response to metacholine (MCh) challenge, MCh concentration (in LogM) inducing 300 % increase in Penh was significantly lower in sensitized rats (-4.36 ± 0.44) and Control (-3.92 ± 0.54) versus Witness rats (-2.86 ± 0.55). LogEC50 is significantly lower in sensitized rats (-6.22 ± 0.03; versus Control (-5.64 ± 0.02); and Witness rats (-5.23 ± 0.02). Sensitized rats showed (i) in vivo and ex vivo specific bronchoconstriction to allergen stimulation, (ii) in vivo hyperresponsiveness and ex vivo hyperreactivity and hypersensitivity to cholinergic stimulation, and (iii) increased proportion of eosinophils and mast cells in BAL fluid, indicating that such sensitized rats are a relevant model of asthma.

References

[1] Dong W, Selgrade MK, Gilmour MI. Systemic administration of Bordetella pertussis enhances pulmonary sensitization to house dust mite in juvenile rats. Toxicol Sci. 2003 Mar;72(1):113-21.
[2] Mounkaila B, Marthan R, Roux E: Biphasic effect of extracellular ATP on human and rat airways is due to multiple P2 purinoceptor activation. Respir Res 2005, 6:143.
[3] Hamelmann E, Schwarze J, Takeda K, Oshiba A, Larsen GL, Irvin CG, Gelfand EW: Noninvasive measurement of airway respons iveness in allergic mice using barometric plethysmography. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1997, 156:766-75.
[4] Walls AF, Rhee YK, Gould DJ, Walters C, Robinson C, Church MK, Holgate ST: Inflammatory mediators and cellular infiltration of the lungs in a guinea pig model of the late asthmatic reaction. Lung 1991, 169:227-40.
[5] Yu CK, Yang BC, Lee SC, Wang JY, Hsiue TR, Le i HY: Dermatophagoides- farina induced pulmonary eosinophilic inflammation in mice. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 1997, 112:73-82.
[6] Bischof RJ, Snibson K, Shaw R, Meeusen EN: Induction of allergic inflammation in the lungs of sensitized sheep after local challenge with house dust mite. Clin Exp Allergy 2003, 33:367-75.
[7] Hsiue TR, Lei HY, Hsieh AL, Wang TY, Chang HY, Chen CR: Mite -induced allergic airway inflammation in guinea pigs. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 1997, 112:295-302.
[8] Singh P, Daniels M, Winsett DW, Richards J, Doerfler D, Hatch G, Adler KB, Gilmour MI: Phenotypic comparison of allergic airway responses to house dust mite in three rat strains. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2003, 284:L588-98.
[9] Snibson KJ, Bischof RJ, Slocombe RF, Meeusen EN. Airway remodelling and inflammation in sheep lungs after chronic airway challenge with house dust mite. Clin Exp Allergy. 2005 Feb;35(2):146-52
[10] Grundström J, Saarne T, Kemi C, Gregory J.A, Wadén K, Pils M.C, et al. Development of a mouse model for chronic cat allergen-induced asthma. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2014;165:195-205
[11] Mamessier E, Botturi K, Vervloet D, Magnan A: [T regulatory lymphocytes, atopy and asthma: a new concept in three dimensions]. Rev Mal Respir 2005, 22:305-11.
[12] Lopuhaa CE, Out TA, Jansen HM, Aalberse RC, van der Zee JS: Allergen-induced bronchial inflammation in house dust mite-allergic patients with or without asthma. Clin Exp Allergy 2002, 32:1720-7.
[13] Lambert AL, Winsett DW, Costa DL, Selgrade MK, Gilmour MI: Transfer of allergic airway responses with serum and lymphocytes from rats sensitized to dust mite. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1998, 157:1991-9.
[14] Toward TJ, Broadley KJ: Early and late bronchoconstrictions, airway hyper- reactivity, leucocyte influx and lung histamine and nitric oxide after inhaled antigen: effects of dexamethasone and rolipram. Clin Exp Allergy 2004, 34:91- 102.
[15] Smith N, Johnson FJ: Early- and late –phase bronchoconstriction, airway hyper-reactivity and cell influx into the lungs, after 5`-adenosine monophosphate inhalation: comparison with ovalbumin. Clin Exp Allergy 2005, 35:522- 30.
[16] Chung KF, Evans TW, Graf PD, Nadel JA. Modulation of cholinergic neurotransmission in canine airways by thromboxane mimetic U46619. Eur J Pharmacol. 1985 Nov 19;117(3):373-5.
[17] Gundel RH, Gerritsen ME, Gleich GJ, Wegner CD: Repeated antigen inhalation results in a prolonged airway eosinophilia and airway hyperresponsiveness in primates. J Appl Physiol 1990, 68:779-86.
[18] Gerber F, Fournier M, Pariente R: Experimental allergic asthma. Rev Mal Respir 1986, 3:31-4.

Keywords
asthma, Dermatophagoïdes pteronyssinus, airways.

Diversity Analysis and Polymorphism Through RAPD Markers in Eucalyptus Tereticornis Sm

	International Journal of Biotech Trends and Technology (IJBTT)
	© 2021 by IJBTT Journal
	Volume - 11 Issue - 3
	Year of Publication : 2021
	Authors : Shivani Dobhal, Ashok Kumar
	DOI :  10.14445/22490183/IJBTT-V11I3P604

Citation

MLA Style:Shivani Dobhal, Ashok Kumar  "Diversity Analysis and Polymorphism Through RAPD Markers in Eucalyptus Tereticornis Sm" International Journal of Biotech Trends and Technology 11.3 (2021): 23-30.

APA Style:Shivani Dobhal, Ashok Kumar(2021). Diversity Analysis and Polymorphism Through RAPD Markers in Eucalyptus Tereticornis Sm. International Journal of Biotech Trends and Technology, 11(3), 23-30.

Abstract

The genetic diversity of 25 genotypes of Eucalyptus tereticornis Sm. was analyzed using randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) with 10 decamer primers. The number of scorable bands for each primer varied from 6(OPA-2) to 14 (M-131), with an average of 10 bands per primer. A total of 96 distinct DNA fragments (bands) were amplified, of which 80 were polymorphic, with172 to 1353 base pairs. The number of amplified bands per genotype varied from 5 to 13 and percentage polymorphism, from 73% to 93% with an average of 83.32%. The mean polymorphic information content (PIC) of RAPD primers was 0.34 and ranged from 0.19 to 0.44. Although genotypes originating from a single provenance tended to fall into the same cluster, those from the same location were dispersed across different clusters.

References

[1] FAO, Food and Agriculture Organization of United Nations, Rome, Italy. Web. http://faostat.fao.org/default.aspx.,(2014).
[2] Ogbonnaya, C.I., Nwalozie, M.C. and Nwaigbo, L.C., Growth and wood properties of Gmelina arborea (Verbenaceae) seedlings grown under five soil moisture regimes. American journal of botany, 79(2) (1992) 128-132.
[3] Chezhian, P., Yasodha, R. and Ghosh, M., Genetic diversity analysis in a seed orchard of Eucalyptus tereticornis. New Forests, 40(1) (2010) 85-99.
[4] Jacobs, M.R., 1981. Eucalypts for planting Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations., 2(1981)
[5] Poltri, S.M., Zelener, N., Traverso, J.R., Gelid, P.A.N.D. and Hopp, H.E., 2003. Selection of a seed orchard of Eucalyptus dunnii based on genetic diversity criteria calculated using molecular markers. Tree Physiology, 23(9) (2003) 625-632.
[6] Ruas, P.M., Ruas, C.F., Rampim, L., Carvalho, V.P., Ruas, E.A. and Sera, T., Genetic relationship in Coffea species and parentage determination of interspecific hybrids using ISSR (Inter-Simple Sequence Repeat) markers. Genetics and molecular biology, 26 (2003) 319-327.
[7] Vierling, R.A. and Nguyen, H.T., 1992. Use of RAPD markers to determine the genetic diversity of diploid wheat genotypes. Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 84 (1992) (7-8) 835-838.
[8] Dos Santos, J.B., Nienhuis, J., Skroch, P., Tivang, J. and Slocum, M.K., Comparison of RAPD and RFLP genetic markers in determining genetic similarity among Brassica oleracea L. genotypes. Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 87(8) (1994) 909-915.
[9] Parsons, B.J., Newbury, H.J., Jackson, M.T. and Ford-Lloyd, B.V., Contrasting genetic diversity relationships are revealed in rice (Oryza sativa L.) using different marker types. Molecular Breeding, 3(2) (1997) 115-125.
[10] Esselman, E.J., Jianqiang, L., Crawford, D.J., Windus, J.L. and Wolfe, A.D., Clonal diversity in the rare Calamagrostis porteri ssp. insperata (Poaceae): comparative results for allozymes and random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and intersimple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers. Molecular Ecology, 8(3) (1999) 443-451.
[11] Chen, J.M., Gituru, W.R., Wang, Y.H. and Wang, Q.F., The extent of clonality and genetic diversity in the rare Caldesia Grandis (Alismataceae): comparative results for RAPD and ISSR markers. Aquatic Botany, 84(4) (2006) 301-307.
[12] Arif, M., Zaidi, N.W., Singh, Y.P., Haq, Q.M.R. and Singh, U.S., 2009. A comparative analysis of ISSR and RAPD markers for the study of genetic diversity in Shisham (Dalbergia sissoo). Plant Molecular Biology Reporter, 27(4) (2009) 488-495.
[13] Babu, K.N., Rajesh, M.K., Samsudeen, K., Minoo, D., Suraby, E.J., Anupama, K. and Ritto, P., Randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and derived techniques. In Molecular Plant Taxonomy (2014) 191-209. Humana Press, Totowa, NJ.
[14] Nishad, D., Singh, P. and Singh, S.K., Use of RAPD and ISSR Markers for Molecular Genetic Analysis of Eucalyptus tereticornis.
[15] Ginwal H S, Kumar P, Sharma V K, Mandal A K & Harwood, C E, Genetic variability and early growth performance of Eucalyptus tereticornis Sm. in provenance cum progeny trials in India, Silvae Genet, 53-4 (2004) 148-153.
[16] Cotterill, P.P. and Dean, C.A., Successful tree breeding with index selection. CSIRO, Division of Forestry and Forest Products., (1990).
[17] Kumar, A. and Luna, R. K., Conversion of first-generation clonal seed orchard to advance generation orchard for higher genetic gains in Dalbergia sissoo (Roxb.). Indian Forester, 133 (2) (2007) 80-89.
[18] Doyle, J. J. and Doyle, J. L., (1990). Isolation of plant DNA from fresh tissue. Focus,12 (1990) 13-15.
[19] Stange, C., Prehn, D. and Arce-Johnson, P., 1998. Isolation of Pinus radiata genomic DNA suitable for RAPD analysis. Plant Molecular Biology Reporter, 16(4) (1998) 366-366.
[20] Mosseler, A., Egger, K.N., and Hughes, G.A., Low levels of genetic diversity in red pine confirmed by random amplified polymorphic DNA markers. Canadian Journal of Forest Research, 22(9) (1992) 1332-1337.
[21] Jaccard, P., Nouvelles recherches sur la distribution florale. Bull. Soc. Vaud. Sci. Nat., 44 (1908) 223-270.
[22] Roldan-Ruiz, I., Dendauw, J., Van Bockstaele, E., Depicker, A., and De Loose, M.A.F.L.P., AFLP markers reveal high polymorphic rates in ryegrasses (Lolium spp.). Molecular breeding, 6(2) (2000) 125-134.
[23] Varshney, R.K., Chabane, K., Hendre, P.S., Aggarwal, R.K. and Graner, A., Comparative assessment of EST-SSR, EST-SNP and AFLP markers for evaluation of genetic diversity and conservation of genetic resources using wild, cultivated, and elite barleys. Plant Science, 173(6) (2007) 638-649.
[24] Tatikonda, L., Wani, S.P., Kannan, S., Beerelli, N., Sreedevi, T.K., Hoisington, D.A., Devi, P., and Varshney, R.K., AFLP-based molecular characterization of an elite germplasm collection of Jatropha curcas L., a biofuel plant. Plant Science, 176(4) (2009) 505-513.
[25] Prevost, A. and Wilkinson, M.J., A new system of comparing PCR primers applied to ISSR fingerprinting of potato cultivars. Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 98(1) (1999) 107-112.
[26] Sah, S.P., Sharma, C.K., Sehested, F. and Kavre, N., 2001. Possible role of the soil in the Sissoo forest (Dalbergia sissoo, Roxb.) decline in the Nepal terai. Developments In plant and Soil Sciences, 92 (2001) 930-931.
[27] Keil, M. and Griffin, A.R., 1994. Use of random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers in the discrimination and verification of genotypes in Eucalyptus. Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 89(4) (1994) 442-450.

Keywords
Eucalyptus tereticornis, RAPD, genetic diversity, clustering

IJBTT - Volume 8 - Issue 3 - 2018

Studies on Development of High Yielding Ethanol and Temperature Resistance Strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae

	International Journal of Biotech Trends and Technology (IJBTT)
	© 2015 by IJBTT Journal
	Volume-13
	Year of Publication : 2015
	Authors : Biswanath Biswas, A.K. Banik and Asit Baran Biswas

Citation

Biswanath Biswas, A.K. Banik and Asit Baran Biswas "Studies on Development of High Yielding Ethanol and Temperature Resistance Strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae", International Journal of Biotech Trends and Technology (IJBTT),V13: 20-24 November-December 2015. Published by Seventh Sense Research Group.

Abstract

Saccharomyces cerevisiae AB, an ethanol producing strain (3.0 %) was treated with 10%, 15% and 20% ethanol for 30, 60,120 and 180 minute. Only 5.5% colonies isolated by 30 minute. Incubation in 10% ethanol gave higher alcohol production (5.4%) than the parent strain. This strain when incubated in 15% ethanol for 60 minute, then only 4.5% alcohol resistant strains gave higher alcohol production (6.3%). The parent strain on farther exposure to 20% ethanol, there was decreases in alcohol production. Saccharomyces cerevisiae AB 810 an ethanol production strain (6.3%) was incubated at 35 0C, 40 0C and 45 0c temperature for 6, 12, 18 and 24 hours. Only 18% colonies isolated by 24 hour incubation at 350C temperature which gave highest ethanol production (6.5%). On further exposure at 45 0C temperature, all the resistant strains were killed, so there was no alcohol production.

References

[1] Laluce, C., Bertolini, M.C., Ernasdes, J.R., Martini, A., and Martini A.V., Ann. Microbial Enzimol (Milan) 37, 151-159 (1987).
[2] Emandes, J.R., Matulionis, M. , Cruz, S.H., Bertolini, M.C., and Laluce,C., Bitechnol. Lett. 12, 463-468 (1990).
[3] Cecilia Laluce et al, Biotechnology and Bioengg., 37,528-536 (1991).
[4] Camelia Bonciu, Cristiana Tabacaru and Gabriela Bahrim, 6, 29-34 (2010).
[5] Mobini- Dehkordi, M., Nahvi, I., Ghaedi, K., and Tavassoli, M.,Research in Pharmaceutical sciences2, 85-91 (2007).
[6] Del Rosario E.J., Lee K.J. and Rogers P.L., Biotechnol Bioengg., 21, 1477 (1979).
[7] Holzberg I., Finn R. and Steinkrauss K., Biotechnol Bioengg, 9, 413, (1967).
[8] Cysewski G.R. and Wilke C. R., Bioetechnol Bioengg. 18, 1297, (1976).
[9] Alexandre, H., Costello, P.J., Remize, F, Guzzo, J. And Guilloux-Benatitr, M., Inst. J. Food Microbiol 93, 141, (2004).
[10] Chaney, D., Rodriguez, S., Fugelsang, K. And Thorutan, J. Appl. Microbiol., 100, 689 (2006).
[11] Perez, M., Luyten, K., Mlichel, R. and Blonalin, B., FEMS yeast Research, 5,351 (2005).
[12] D’Amore, T., et al., Enzyme. Microb. Technol. 11:411-416 (1989).
[13] Association of official Agricultural Chemists, official and Tentative Methods of Analysis, 6th ed., Washington D.C., Association of Official Agricultural Chemists, (1950).

Keywords
Saccharomyces cerevisiae, alcohol resistant and temperature resistant, ethanol production.

The Phylogenetic relationship study of Maturase K and Ribulose 1,5 bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase large subunit – A DNA barcoding marker region of Medicinal plant Beetroot (Beta vulgaris) from the region of Gujarat (INDIA)

	International Journal of Biotech Trends and Technology (IJBTT)
	© 2021 by IJBTT Journal
	Volume - 11 Issue - 3
	Year of Publication : 2021
	Authors : Shubham S Bumb, Dr. Sanjay Lal, Dr. Sandeep Chovatiya
	DOI :  10.14445/22490183/IJBTT-V11I3P603

Citation

MLA Style:Shubham S Bumb, Dr. Sanjay Lal, Dr. Sandeep Chovatiya  "The Phylogenetic relationship study of Maturase K and Ribulose 1,5 bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase large subunit – A DNA barcoding marker region of Medicinal plant Beetroot (Beta vulgaris) from the region of Gujarat (INDIA)" International Journal of Biotech Trends and Technology 11.3 (2021): 18-22.

APA Style:Shubham S Bumb, Dr. Sanjay Lal, Dr. Sandeep Chovatiya(2021). The Phylogenetic relationship study of Maturase K and Ribulose 1,5 bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase large subunit – A DNA barcoding marker region of Medicinal plant Beetroot (Beta vulgaris) from the region of Gujarat (INDIA). International Journal of Biotech Trends and Technology, 11(3), 18-22.

Abstract

Introduction: Beetroot, scientifically called Beta vulgaris, is one in every of the accepted plants belonging to the Chenopodiaceae family. It is associate with an erect annual herb with stalk rootstocks. It makes a superb dietary supplement being not solely made in minerals, nutrients, and vitamins; however, it conjointly has distinctive phytoconstituents that have many medicative properties. Several elements of this plant area unit are utilized in a meditative system like an anti-oxidant, anti-depressant, anti-microbial, anti-fungal, medicine, diuretic, medicinal drug, and carminative.

Aim of the study: To identify the medicinal plant using plant core barcode (matK and rbcL).

Materials and methods: A sample of the beetroot was collected from the main market of Anand city, Gujarat (INDIA). DNA samples were extracted, and it was amplified using matK and rbcL primer. The amplified product was sequenced at Eurofins Sequencing Lab, Bangalore, India. The sequence was edited manually using Chromatogram explorer. Species identification established by NCBI BLAST and constructing a phylogenetic tree using CLC main workbench.

Results: PCR amplification results gave 100 % success for both the loci and thus confirmed the amplification. BLAST analysis also confirmed the similarity to genus Beta, and phylogenetic tree analysis showed a best close match to identify the plant species.

Conclusion: DNA Barcoding is a reliable tool for species identification. Our result shows that the matK and rbcL proved efficient in identifying the plant species.

References

[1] Techen, N. et al., DNA barcoding of medicinal plant material for identification,” Current Opinion in Biotechnology, 25 (2014) 103–110. doi: 10.1016/j.copbio.2013.09.010.
[2] Hebert PDN, Ratnasingham S, de Waard JR. Barcoding animal life: cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 divergence among closely related species. Proc R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 270 Barcoding animal life: cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 divergences among closely. Proc Biol Sci. 7(270) (2003) Suppl 1:S96-9
[3] Kress, W.J. New Technologies for Taxonomy. Nat. Hist.Mini-barcodes, D.N. a., DNA Barcodes. 858 (2012) 339–353.
[4] Chase MW, Salamin N, Wilkinson M, et al., Land plants and DNA barcodes: short term and long-term goals. Phil Trans Lond B 360 (2005) 1889–1895
[5] Newmaster SG, Fazekas AJ, Ragupathy S ., DNA barcoding in the land plants: an evaluation of rbcL in a multigene tiered approach. Can J Bot 84 (2006) 335–341
[6] Vere, N. de et al., Dna barcoding for plants, Methods in Molecular Biology, 1245 (2015) 101–118. doi: 10.1007/978-1-4939-1966-6_8.
[7] Chen, S. et al., Validation of the ITS2 region as a novel DNA barcode for identifying medicinal plant species, PLoS ONE, 5(1) (2010) 1–8. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0008613.
[8] Hart, B. L., The evolution of herbal medicine: Behavioural perspectives, Animal Behaviour, 70(5) (2005) 975–989. doi: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2005.03.005.
[9] Sucher, N. J., and Carles, M. C., Genome-based approaches to the authentication of medicinal plants, Planta Medica, 74(6) (2008) 603–623. doi: 10.1055/s-2008-1074517.
[10] IEA., Chapter 1 ??? ?? Chapter 1 ???, An Automated Irrigation System Using Arduino Microcontroller, 1908 (2011) 2–6.
[11] Kumar, Y., Beetroot: A Super Food, Internal Journal of Engineering Studies and Technical Approach, 01(3) (2015) 1–7.
[12] Jasmitha, S., Shenoy, A. and Hegde, K., Review Article A REVIEW ON Beta vulgaris (BEETROOT), International Journal of Pharma And Chemical Research, 4(2) (2018) 136–140.
[13] Vences, M. et al., DNA Barcodes Amphibians and reptiles, DNA Barcodes: Methods and Protocols, 858 (2008) (2018). doi: 10.1007/978-1-61779-591-6.
[14] Al-Qurainy, F. et al., Selection of DNA barcoding loci and phylogenetic study of a medicinal and endemic plant, Plectranthus asirensis J.R.I. wood from Saudi Arabia, Genetics and Molecular Research, 13(3) (2014) 6184–6190. doi: 10.4238/2014.August.7.31.
[15] Kang, Y. et al., DNA barcoding analysis and phylogenetic relationships of tree species in tropical cloud forests, Scientific Reports, 7(1) (2017) 1–9. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-13057-0.
[16] Kaur, S., DNA Barcoding and its Applications, Biotechnology in Horticulture: Methods and Applications, 3 (2013) 414.
[17] Keele, J. et al., Identification of Unknown Organisms by DNA Barcoding: A Molecular Method for Species Classification, Trends in Genetics, 23(4) (2014) 167–172. doi: Research and Development Office, Final report 2014-01 (0045).
[18] Letchuman, S., Short Introduction of DNA Barcoding, International Journal of Research, 5(4) (2018) 673–686.
[19] McGinnis, S. and Madden, T. L., BLAST: At the core of a powerful and diverse set of sequence analysis tools, Nucleic Acids Research, 32(WEB SERVER ISS.) (2004) 20–25. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkh435.
[20] Horner, D. S. et al. A unified index of sequence quality and contig overlap for DNA barcoding. Pakistan Journal of Botany 7 (2015) 3190–3194.
[21] Anvarkhah, S., Khajeh-Hosseini, M., and Rashed, M.H., Identification of three species of genus Allium using DNA barcoding. 1. international Journal of Agriculture and Crop Sciences 5 (11) (2013) 1195
[22] Porebski S, et al., Modification of a CTAB DNA extraction protocol for plants containing high polysaccharide and polyphenol components. Plant Biol. Reptr., 15 (1997) 8-15.

Keywords
DNA Barcoding, Species identification, rbcL, matK, Phylogenetic tree, BLAST, NCBI

Bacteriological Examination of Milk and Milk Products Sold in Jimeta Metropolis, Yola Adamawa State Nigeria

	International Journal of Biotech Trends and Technology (IJBTT)
	© 2018 by IJBTT Journal
	Volume - 8 Issue - 3
	Year of Publication : 2018
	Authors : Obidah J.S, Bashir M, Ikrima U.M, Mathias D.A
	DOI :  10.14445/22490183/IJBTT-V8I3P601

Citation 

MLA Style: Obidah J.S, Bashir M, Ikrima U.M, Mathias D.A "Bacteriological Examination of Milk and Milk Products Sold in Jimeta Metropolis, Yola Adamawa State Nigeria" International Journal of Biotech Trends and Technology 8.3 (2018): 1-5.

APA Style:Obidah J.S, Bashir M, Ikrima U.M, Mathias D.A, (2018). Bacteriological Examination of Milk and Milk Products Sold in Jimeta Metropolis, Yola Adamawa State Nigeria. International Journal of Biotech Trends and Technology, 8(3), 1-5.

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the bacteriological quality of milk sold in Jimeta metropolis. The bacteriological quality of the milk sold in Jimeta metropolis was assessed by using turbidity test to know the degree of pasteurization of the milk, total bacterial count was undertaking by using pour plate method, most probable number technique was employed for the assessment of coliform bacteria. Bacterial contamination in the untreated milk was ascertained by using methylene blue reductase test. The results of the study revealed that samples for Arewa, Nazir and Admiral’a yoghurt passed the turbidity test because they showed a turbidity value of zero. Out of the nine (9) Kindirmo sample analysed, four (4) satisfied the turbidity test while that of Nono 5 samples satisfied the turbidity test. The plate count for Kindirmo ranges from 3.0x106 CFU/mL to 8.3x107CFU/mL, Nono range from 3.5x106 CFU/mL to 8.9x107CFU/mL and Madara ranges from 3.3x106 CFU/mL to 9.0x106 CFU/mL. For commercial yoghurt, plate count for Arewa yoghurt fall between 3.9x106 CFU/mL to 4.1x106 CFU/mL, Nazir yoghurt plate count ranges from 4.6x106 CFU/mL to 4.7x106 CFU/mL and Admiral ‘a yoghurt ranges from 3.0x109 CFU/mL to 3.3x106 CFU/mL. The results of the study also indicated that the milks have high densities of coliform bacteria in kindirmo, nono and madara compared to the new standard that said a maximum amount of coliform bacteria should not be more than 10 bacteria per milliliter (mL) of milk. However, all the commercial yoghurt analysed satisfy the standard acceptable limit of coliform bacteria. Methylene blue reductase test revealed that all the untreated samples (Madara) decolorized methylene blue in less than 30min.

References

[1] N.M. Abbas, K.. Baharullah, S. Abdul, U.I. Taiseer, J. Qaiser, and M. Shahzad . Biochemical and Bacteriological Analysis of Cows? Milk Samples Collected from District Peshawar.
[2] International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences. Rev. Res., 21(2), n? 40, 221-226 Jul. (2013).
[3] J.A.Akinyanju, Characteristics and Production process of Nono, A Nigeria Fermented Milk Food. Chem. Microbiol. Technol. 12:14-19 Feb. (1989)
[4] APHA. Compendium of Methods for the Microbiological
[5] Examination of food, 3rded. Washinton, DC Apr 1992.
[6] M.S.Baloch, I.U. Awan, and G. Hassan. Growth and Yield of Rice as Affected by Transplanting Dates and Seedlings Per Hill Under High Temperature of Dera Ismail Khan, Pakistan, Journal of Zhejiang University Science, 7, 572–579. Jun 2006.
[7] W.Braide, H. Awiya, I.J. Akien-Ali, P.B. Lugbe, U.S. Oranusi, and M. Ayebabohoa. Bacteriological Examination of
[8] Fresh Cow Milk and Fura de Nunu Using Rapid Dye Reduction
[9] Test. Pyrex Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology Research
[10] Vol. 1 (3) pp. 028-037 Aug . 2015.
[11] T.D.Brock, and M.T. Madigan. Biology of Microorganisms, 14th ed. Prentice Hall Mc: New Jersey pp 431 – 433 2006
[12] R.Cruickshank, J.P Duguid, B.P Marmion, and R.H. Swain. Medical Microbiology, Longman Group Ltd., New York pp 284-291 Mar. 1975.
[13] O.U.Eka, and J.A Ohaba. Microbiology Examination of Fulani Milk (nono) and Butter (Manshanu), Nigerian Journal of science 11:113-122. Jul. 1977
[14] O.PDhamija and W.C.K Hammer. Manual of Food Quality Control 14/6 Federal Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development pp 26. Feb. 2010.
[15] W.C.Frazier, and D.C Westhoff. Food Microbiology 4thed McGraw –Hill, Inc; New York 18:276- 299 Sep. 2002.
[16] M.A.Garcoa, and S.G. Fenandez. Contaminating Microflora in Yoghourt: General Aspect and Special Reference to the Genus Penicillium; Journal of Food Protection 47:629- 633 Aug 1983
[17] I.Khan, and A. Zeb. Nutritional Composition of Pakistani Wheat Varieties; Journal of Zhejiang University Science, 8, 555–559 Nov. 2007.
[18] E.G.Malks. Incidence of Bacillus Cereus in Milk and Some Milk Product; Journal of Food Protection 46: 126-128 Feb. 1978.
[19] E.J.Michael. Food Science Nutrition & Health 7th ed. Edward Arnold publishers Ltd 7:76-87 Apr 2006.
[20] E.W Nester, D.G. Anderson, C.E Roberts, N.N. Pearsall, and M.T Nester. Microbiology, a Human Perspective 3rd Edition; McGraw-Hill Companies; New York pp 117-118 Jul 2001.
[21] M.J.R. Nout. Recent Development in Temperature Research, Journal of Applied Bacteriology, 65:609-633 Dec 1980
[22] L.M.Prescott, J.P. Harley, and D.A Klein. Microbiology 4thed McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. United States of America pp 124-125 Sep. 1999.
[23] L.T.Zaria, L.M. Shehu, and M.S Adamu. Prevalence and Health Significance of Aerobic Microorganism Isolated from
[24] Food Contact Surfaces and Palms of Commercial Food Handlers, Nigerian Vets. Journal 19: pp 49 - 52.May 1998.

Keywords
Milk, Milk Products, Kindirmo, Nono, Madara.

Biological Refining: Novel Technique to Reduce the Rancidity of used Edible Oil

	International Journal of Biotech Trends and Technology (IJBTT)
	© 2015 by IJBTT Journal
	Volume-13
	Year of Publication : 2015
	Authors : Charmi Dedhia, JayaPrada Rao Chunduri

Citation

Charmi Dedhia, JayaPrada Rao Chunduri "Biological Refining: Novel Technique to Reduce the Rancidity of used Edible Oil", International Journal of Biotech Trends and Technology (IJBTT),V13:14-19 November-December 2015. Published by Seventh Sense Research Group.

Abstract

Used cooking oil (UCO) is considered as household hazardous waste and the disposal is a matter of environmental concern. In the developed countries such as USA, UCO is collected and converted as biofuel called VIESEL using enzymatic reaction. The recycling of used cooking oil follows a chain of distribution from five stars to roadside food stalls in large scale being a common phenomenon in developing countries like India and Malaysia. In the household conditions the heating of oils >375°C could lead to certain hazardous conditions and the reuse of oil may result in dangerous consequences. Hence, rancidity is considered one of the major quality control for reusing the oil. An attempt to improvise the used cooking oil quality back to its original stage has been made during the studies. The immobilized bacterial consortia of Bacillus spp I and II, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Aeromonas spp and Micrococcus spp have shown remarkable results in reducing the rancid conditions. Further studies are considered for possible large scale applications and their effectiveness of this novel method.

References

[1] Rani, A. K. S., Reddy, S. Y., & Chetana, R., “Quality changes in trans and trans free fats/oils and products during frying” European Food Research and Technology, vol 230(6), pp 803-811, 2010.
[2] Singh, S., Gamlath, S., & Wakeling, L., “Nutritional aspects of food extrusion: a review”, International Journal of Food Science & Technology, vol 42(8), pp 916-929, 2007.
[3] Stevenson, S. G., Vaisey-Genser, M., & Eskin, N. A. M., “Quality control in the use of deep frying oils”, Journal of the American Oil Chemists Society,vol 61(6), pp 1102- 1108, 1984.
[4] Perjési, P., Pintér, Z., Gyöngyi, Z., & Ember, I., “Effect of rancid corn oil on some onco/suppressor gene expressions in vivo. A short-term study” Anticancer research, vol 22(1A), pp. 225-230, 2001.
[5] Halliwell, B., “Free radicals, reactive oxygen species and human disease: a critical evaluation with special reference to atherosclerosis”, British journal of experimental pathology, vol 70(6), pp 737, 1989.
[6] Lazar, I., Petrisor, I. G., & Yen, T. E., “Microbial enhance recovery (MEOR)”, Petroleum Science and Technology, vol 25, 11-12, 2007.
[7] McGenity, T. J., Folwell, B. D., McKew, B. A., & Sanni, G. O, “Marine crude-oil biodegradation: a central role for interspecies interactions” Aquat. Biosyst, vol 8(10), pp 10- 11, 2012.
[8] Antoniou, E., Fodelianakis, S., Korkakaki, E., & Kalogerakis, N, “Biosurfactant production from marine hydrocarbon-degrading consortia and pure bacterial strains using crude oil as carbon source”, Frontiers in microbiology, vol 6, 2015.
[9] Dedhia C. and Jayaprada Rao Chunduri, “Isolation, Identification and characterization of oil degrading marine bacteria from sandy shore of shivaji park, Mumbai”. European journal of pharmaceutical and medical research ISSN 3294-3211; vol 2(5), pp 541-555, 2015.
[10] Bidoia, E. D., Montagnolli, R. N., & Lopes, P. R. M., “Microbial biodegradation potential of hydrocarbons evaluated by colorimetric technique: a case study” Current research, technology and education topics in applied microbiology and microbial biotechnology. Badajoz, Spain: Formatex, pp. 1277-1288, 2010.
[11] Yamagiwa, K., Shimizu, Y., Kozawa, T., Onodera, M., & Ohkawa, A., “Formation of calcium-alginate gel coating on biocatalyst immobilization carrier” Journal of chemical engineering of Japan, vol 25(6), pp. 723-728, 1992.
[12] Mokarram, R. R., Mortazavi, S. A., Najafi, M. H., & Shahidi, F. “The influence of multi stage alginate coating on survivability of potential probiotic bacteria in simulated gastric and intestinal juice” Food Research International, vol 42(8), pp. 1040-1045, 2009.
[13] Hoffpauir, C. L., Petty, D. H., & Guthrie, J. D.,”Germination and Free Fatty Acid in Individual Cotton Seeds” Science (New York, NY), vol 106(2754), pp. 344- 345, 1947.
[14] Alimentarius, C. (1999). Codex standard for named vegetable oils. Codex Stan,210, 1-13.
[15] Das, N., & Chandran, P, “Microbial degradation of petroleum hydrocarbon contaminants: an overview” Biotechnology research international,2010.
[16] Hanson, K. G., Desai, J. D., & Desai, A. J, “A rapid and simple screening technique for potential crude oil degrading microorganisms” Biotechnology techniques, vol 7(10), pp. 745-748, 1993.
[17] Montagnolli, R. N., Lopes, P. R. M., Cruz, J. M., Tamada, I. S., & Bidoia, E. D, “Biodiesel and vegetable oils in environment: biodegradation and toxicity through colorimetric analysis” In Industrial, Medical and Environmental Applications of Microorganisms: Current Status and Trends: Proceedings of the V International Conference on Environmental, Industrial and Applied Microbiology (BioMicroWorld2013) Mad (p. 46). Wageningen Academic Publishers, May 2014.
[18] Mariano, A. P., Bonotto, D. M., Angelis, D. D. F. D., Pirôllo, M. P. S., & Contiero, J, “Biodegradability of commercial and weathered diesel oil”.Brazilian Journal of Microbiology, vol 39(1), pp. 133-142, 2008.
[19] Jobanputra, A. H., Karode, B. A., & Chincholkar, S. B, “Calcium alginate as supporting material for the immobilization of rifamycin oxidase from Chryseobacterium species” Biotechnology, Bioinformatics and Bioengineering,vol 1(4), pp 529-535,2011.
[20] Stenroos, S. L., Linko, Y. Y., & Linko, P., “Production of L-lactic acid with immobilized Lactobacillus delbrueckii. Biotechnology Letters, vol 4(3), 159-164, 1982.
[21] Kautola, H., Rymowicz, W., Linko, Y. Y., & Linko, P. (1991). “Production of citric acid with immobilized Yarrowia lipolytica. Applied microbiology and biotechnology, 35(4), 447-449.
[22] Ramakrishna, S. V., R. Jamuna, and A. N. Emery. "Continuous production of thermostable ?-amylase by immobilized bacillus cells in a fluidized-bed reactor." Applied biochemistry and biotechnology, vol 37(3), pp. 275-282, 1992.
[23] Nagashima, M., Azuma, M., Noguchi, S., Inuzuka, K., & Samejima, H.,“Continuous ethanol fermentation using immobilized yeast cells”, Biotechnology and bioengineering, vol 26(8), pp 992-997, 1984.
[24] Prevost, H., & Divies, C. “Fresh fermented cheese production with continuous pre-fermented milk by a mixed culture of mesophilic lactic streptococci entrapped in Ca- Al ginate”, Biotechnology Letters, vol 9(11), 789-794, 1987.
[25] Klein, J., Stock, J., & Vorlop, K. D., "Pore size and properties of spherical Ca-alginate biocatalysts”, European journal of applied microbiology and biotechnology, vol 18(2), pp 86-91, 1983.
[26] Milagre, H. M., Milagre, C. D., Moran, P. J., Santana, M. H. A., & Rodrigues, J. A. R., “Asymmetric Bioreduction of Ethyl 3-Halo-2-oxo-4-phenylbutanoate by Saccharomyces c erevisiae Immobilized in Ca-Alginate Beads with Double Gel Layer”, Organic process research & development, vol 10(3), 611-617, 2006.
[27] Robards, K., Kerr, A. F., & Patsalides, E., “Rancidity and its measurement in edible oils and snack foods. A review” Analyst, vol 113(2), pp 213-224, 1988.
[28] Perkins, E. G., “Effect of lipid oxidation on oil and food quality in deep frying”, In ACS Symposium series- American Chemical Society (USA), 1992.
[29] Gray, J. I., “Measurement of lipid oxidation: a review”, Journal of the American Oil Chemists’ Society, vol 55(6), 539-546,1978.
[30] Clark, W. L., & Serbia, G. W., “Safety aspects of frying fats and oils”, Food Technology, vol 45(2), 84-89, 1991.
[31] Yu, X., Van De Voort, F. R., & Sedman, J., “Determination of peroxide value of edible oils by FTIR spectroscopy with the use of the spectral reconstitution technique”, Talanta, vol 74(2), 241-246, 2007.
[32] Addis, P. B., & Park, S. W. (1989). Role of lipid oxidation products in atherosclerosis.
[33] Sanders, T. A. B. (1983). Nutritional significance of rancidity. Rancidity in foods/edited by JC Allen and RJ Hamilton.
[34] O`brien, R. D. (2008). Fats and oils: formulating and processing for applications. CRC press, pp 219 – 221.
[35] Updegraff, D. M., & Bovey, F. A. “Reduction of organic hydroperoxides by micro-organisms and animal tissues”, Nature, vol 181, pp 890-893, 1958.
[36] Lilly, H. D., Smith, J. L., & Alford, J. A., “Reduction in peroxide values and monocarbonyls of oxidized methyl oleate by several microbial cultures”, Canadian journal of microbiology, vol 16(9), 855-85, 1970.
[37] Yetim, H., Kayacier, A., Kesmen, Z., & Sagdic, O. (2006). The effects of nitrite on the survival of Clostridium sporogenes and the autoxidation properties of the Kavurma” Meat science, vol 72(2), pp. 206-210, 2011.
[38] Moerck, K. E., & Ball Jr, H. R, “Influence of microorganisms on the carbonyl compounds of chicken tissue” Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, vol 27(4), pp. 854-859, 1979.
[39] Harun-Or-Rashid, M., Kato, F., & Murata, A, “Effects of microorganisms on the peroxidation of lipid and fatty acid composition of fermented fish meal” Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry, vol 56(7), pp. 1058-1061, 1992.
[40] Cho, S. Y., Kwon, T. W., & Yoon, S. H, “Selective removal of free fatty acids in oils using a microorganism” Journal of the American Oil Chemists’ Society, vol 67(9), pp. 558-560, 1990.
[41] Bhosle, B. M., & Subramanian, R. “New approaches in deacidification of edible oils––a review” Journal of Food Engineering, vol 69(4), pp. 481-494, 2005.
[42] Bhattacharyya, A. C., & Bhattacharyya, D. K., “Deacidification of high FFA rice bran oil by reesterification and alkali neutralization” Journal of the American Oil Chemists’ Society, vol 64(1), pp. 128-131, 1987.

Keywords
Biological refining, improving oil quality, used cooking oil, Rancidity, Microbial consortia, Immobilization of microbes, Bacillus spp, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Aeromonas spp, Micrococcus spp.

Computer-aided and Herbal Informatics based Drug Designing for Potential Lung Cancer Therapeutics

	International Journal of Biotech Trends and Technology (IJBTT)
	© 2021 by IJBTT Journal
	Volume - 11 Issue - 3
	Year of Publication : 2021
	Authors : Debanjoy Paul, Preeti Pannu, Madhavi Sinha, Vaishali Bisht
	DOI :  10.14445/22490183/IJBTT-V11I3P602

Citation

MLA Style:Debanjoy Paul, Preeti Pannu, Madhavi Sinha, Vaishali Bisht  "Computer-aided and Herbal Informatics based Drug Designing for Potential Lung Cancer Therapeutics" International Journal of Biotech Trends and Technology 11.3 (2021): 8-17.

APA Style:Debanjoy Paul, Preeti Pannu, Madhavi Sinha, Vaishali Bisht(2021). Computer-aided and Herbal Informatics based Drug Designing for Potential Lung Cancer Therapeutics. International Journal of Biotech Trends and Technology, 11(3), 8-17.

Abstract

Lung was very rare at the beginning of the last century, but later according to a cancer statistic report, it becomes the most common cancer worldwide since 1985. But there are still multiple risk factors, including environmental, hormonal, genetic, and viral, that have been implicated in the pathogenesis of lung cancer in never-smokers; no related factor has been there that can explain the high incidence of lung cancer in never-smokers. Drug design describes the search of novel compounds with biological activity on a systematic basis. The drug design process has focused on the molecular determinants of the interactions between the drug and molecular target. It is cost-efficient, time-saving, and the process is automatic. We can also know the drug-receptor interaction pattern. Through searching huge libraries of phytochemicals compounds, it can give high hit rates compounds comparison to other high throughput screening, and there is a little chance of failures in the final phases.

References

[1] Ferlay J, Shin HR, Bray F, Forman D, Mathers C, Parkin DM. Estimates of worldwide burden of cancer in 2008: GLOBOCAN 2008 Int J Cancer (2010) 127:2893-917.
[2] Ganesh B, Sushama S, Monika S, Suvarna P. A Case-control Study of Risk Factors for Lung Cancer in Mumbai, India. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev (2011) 12:357-62.
[3] Toh CK, Gao F, Lim WT, Leong SS, Fong KW, Yap SP, et al. Never-Smokers With Lung Cancer: Epidemiologic Evidence of a Distinct Disease Entity. J ClinOncol (2006) 24:2245-51.
[4] Gajalakshmi V, Hung RJ, Mathew A, Varghese C, Brennan P, Boffetta P. Tobacco smoking and chewing, alcohol drinking and lung cancer risk among men in southern India. Int J Cancer (2003) 107:441-7.
[5] Gealy R, Zhang L, Siegfried JM, Luketich JD, Keohavong P. Comparison of mutations in the p53 and K-ras genes in lung carcinomas from smoking and nonsmoking women. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev (1999) 8:297-302.
[6] Hainaut P, Pfeifer GP. Patterns of p53 G-->T transversions in lung cancers reflect the primary mutagenic signature of DNA damage by tobacco smoke. Carcinogenesis 200; 22:367-74.
[7] Durré T, Morfoisse F, Erpicum C, Ebroin M, Blacher S, García-Caballero M, Deroanne C, Louis T, Balsat C, Van de Velde M, Kaijalainen S, Kridelka F, Engelholm L, Struman I, Alitalo K, Behrendt N, Paupert J, Noel A. uPARAP/Endo180 receptor is a gatekeeper of VEGFR-2/VEGFR-3 heterodimerization during pathological lymphangiogenesis. Nat Commun., 5;9(1) (2018) 5178.
[8] Rapisarda A, Melillo G. Role of the VEGF/VEGFR axis in cancer biology and therapy. Adv Cancer Res., 114 (2012) 237-67.
[9] Durré T, Morfoisse F, Erpicum C, Ebroin M, Blacher S, García-Caballero M, Deroanne C, Louis T, Balsat C, Van de Velde M, Kaijalainen S, Kridelka F, Engelholm L, Struman I, Alitalo K, Behrendt N, Paupert J, Noel A. uPARAP/Endo180 receptor is a gatekeeper of VEGFR-2/VEGFR-3 heterodimerization during pathological lymphangiogenesis. Nat Commun., 5, 9(1) (2018) 5178.
[10] Manuela S Murgueitio , Marcel Bermudez , JérémieMortier , Gerhard Wolber. In silico virtual screening approaches for anti-viral drug discovery 9 (2012) 219-2
[11] Imam SS, Gilani SJ. Computer-Aided Drug Design: A Novel Loom To Drug Discovery. Org. Med. Chem., 1(4) (2017) 1-6.
[12] Anderson AC. The process of structure-based drug design. Chemistry & biology. , 10(9) (2003) 787-97.
[13] Prashant Mathur, DNB, PhD1; Krishnan Sathishkumar, MSc1; MeeshaChaturvedi, MBBS1; Priyanka Das, B-Level1; KondalliLakshminarayanaSudarshan, MSc1; Stephen Santhappan, MSc, MPhil1; VinodhNallasamy, MSc, MPhil1; Anish John, BE1; Sandeep Narasimhan, MSc1; and Francis SelvarajRoselind, MSc1; JCO GLOBAL Oncology no. 6(2020) 1063-1075.
[14] Chayan Acharya, Andrew Coop, James E. Polli, and Alexander D. MacKerell, “Recent Advances in Ligand-Based Drug Design: Relevance and Utility of the Conformationally Sampled Pharmacophore Approach”, Current Computer-Aided Drug Design 7(1) (2011)
[15] FZhang S. Computer-aided drug discovery and development. In Drug Design and Discovery. , (2011) 716:23-38.
[16] Kapetanovic IM. Computer-aided drug discovery and development (CADD): in silicon-chemical-biological approach. Chemical-biological interactions. , 71(2) (2008) 165-76
[17] Duursma AM, Agami R. Ras interference as cancer therapy. Semin Cancer Biol., (2003) 267-73. PMID: 14563121.
[18] Friday BB, Adjei AA. K-ras as a target for cancer therapy. Biochim Biophys Acta., (2005) 1756:127-44. PMID: 16139957.
[19] Imam SS, Gilani SJ. Computer-Aided Drug Design: A Novel Loom To Drug Discovery. Org. Med. Chem., 1(4) (2017) 1-6.
[20] Nagase T, Seki N, Tanaka A, Ishikawa K, Nomura N. Prediction of the coding sequences of unidentified human genes. IV. The coding sequences of 40 new genes (KIAA0121-KIAA0160) were deduced by analysis of cDNA clones from human cell line KG-1. DNA Res. (1995) 2:167-210.
[21] Inoue A, Takahashi KP, Kimura M, Watanabe T, Morisawa S. Molecular cloning of an RNA binding protein, S1?1. Nucleic Acids Res., (1996) 24:2990–2997.
[22] Johnston JJ, Teer JK, Cherukuri PF, et al. Massively parallel sequencing of exons on the X chromosome identifies RBM10 as the gene that causes a syndromic form of cleft palate. Am J Hum Genet., (2010) 86:743–748.
[23] Gorlin RJ, Cervenka J, Anderson RC, Sauk JJ, Bevis WD. Robin`s syndrome. A probably X?linked recessive subvariety exhibiting persistence of left superior vena cava and atrial septal defect. Am J Dis Child., (1970) 119:176–178.
[24] Sebestyen E, Singh B, Minana B, et al. Large?scale analysis of genome and transcriptome alterations in multiple tumors unveils novel cancer?relevant splicing networks. Genome Res. , (2016) 26:732–744.
[25] Lukong KE, Chang KW, Khandjian EW, Richard S. RNA?binding proteins in human genetic disease. Trends Genet. (2008) 24:416–425.
[26] Gripp KW, Hopkins E, Johnston JJ, Krause C, Dobyns WB, Biesecker LG. Long?term survival in TARP syndrome and confirmation of RBM10 as the disease?causing gene. Am J Med Genet A 155A? (10) (2011) 2516–2520.
[27] Powis Z, Hart A, Cherny S, et al. Clinical diagnostic exome evaluation for an infant with a lethal disorder: genetic diagnosis of TARP syndrome and expansion of the phenotype in a patient with a newly reported RBM10 alteration. BMC Med Genet. (2017) 18:60.
[28] Zhong Z, Zhang Q, Tao H, Sang W, Cui L, Qiang W, et al. Anti-inflammatory activities of Sigesbeckiaglabrescens Makino: combined in vitro and in silico investigations. Chin Med. (2019) 14:35.
[29] Kharat, Mahesh, et al. “Physical and Chemical Stability of Curcumin in Aqueous Solutions and Emulsions: Impact of pH, Temperature, and Molecular Environment.” Journal of agricultural and food chemistry 65(8) (2017) 1525-1532.
[30] Okimoto RA, Lin L, Olivas V, et al. Preclinical efficacy of an RAF inhibitor that evades paradoxical MAPK pathway activation in protein kinase BRAF-mutant lung cancer. ProcNatlAcadSci U S A (2016) 113:13456-61.
[31] Amaral T, Sinnberg T, Meier F, et al. MAPK pathway in melanoma part II-secondary and adaptive resistance mechanisms to BRAF inhibition. Eur J Cancer (2017) 73:93-101
[32] Rudin CM, Hong K, Streit M. Molecular characterization of acquired resistance to the BRAF inhibitor dabrafenib in a patient with BRAF-mutant non-small-cell lung cancer. J ThoracOncol (2013) 8:e41-2.
[33] Spagnolo F, Ghiorzo P, Queirolo P. Overcoming resistance to BRAF inhibition in BRAF-mutated metastatic melanoma. Oncotarget (2014) 5:10206-21.
[34] Jain P, Silva A, Han HJ, et al. Overcoming resistance to single-agent therapy for oncogenic BRAF gene fusions via combinatorial targeting of MAPK and PI3K/mTORsignaling pathways. Oncotarget (2017) 8:84697-713.
[35] Marchetti A, Felicioni L, Malatesta S, et al. Clinical features and outcome of patients with non-small-cell lung cancer harboring BRAF mutations. J ClinOncol (2011) 29:3574-9.
[36] Paik PK, Arcila ME, Fara M, et al. Clinical characteristics of patients with lung adenocarcinomas harboring BRAF mutations. J ClinOncol (2011) 29:2046-51.
[37] Cardarella S, Ogino A, Nishino M, et al. Clinical, pathologic, and biologic features associated with BRAF mutations in non-small cell lung cancer. Clin Cancer Res (2013) 19:4532-40.
[38] Ding X, Zhang Z, Jiang T, et al. Clinicopathologic characteristics and outcomes of Chinese patients with non-small-cell lung cancer and BRAF mutation. Cancer Med (2017) 6:555-62.
[39] Sasaki H, Endo K, Okuda K, Kawano O, Kitahara N, Tanaka H, et al. Epidermal growth factor receptor gene amplification and gefitinib sensitivity in patients with recurrent lung cancer. J Cancer Res ClinOncol. (2008)134:469–77.
[40] Gupta R, Dastane AM, Forozan F, Riley-Portuguez A, Chung F, Lopategui J, et al. Evaluation of EGFR abnormalities in patients with pulmonary adenocarcinoma: the need to test neoplasms with more than one method. Mod Pathol. (2009) 22:128–33.
[41] Ladanyi M, Pao W. Lung adenocarcinoma: guiding EGFR-targeted therapy and beyond. Mod Pathol. , (2008) 21:S16–22.
[42] Massarelli E, Varella-Garcia M, Tang X, Xavier AC, Ozburn NC, Liu DD, et al. KRAS mutation is an important predictor of resistance to therapy with epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors in non-small cell lung cancer. Clin Cancer Res. (2007) 13:2890–6.
[43] Lynch TJ, Bell DW, Sordella R, Gurubhagavatula S, Okimoto RA, Brannigan BW, et al. Activating mutation in the epidermal growth factor receptor underlying responsiveness of non-small-cell lung cancer to gefitinib. N Engl J Med. (2004) 350:2129–39.
[44] Balak MN, Gong Y, Riely GJ, Somwar R, Li AR, Zakowski MF, et al. Novel D761Y and common secondary T790M mutations in epidermal growth factor receptor mutant lung adenocarcinomas with acquired resistance to kinase inhibitors. Clin Cancer Res. (2006) 12:6494–501.
[45] Malhotra A., Nair P., Dhawan D.K. Premature mitochondrial senescence and related ultrastructural changes during lung carcinogenesis modulation by curcumin and resveratrol. Ultrastruct. Pathol. , (2012) 36:179–184.
[46] Busquets S., Ametller E., Fuster G., Olivan M., Raab V., Argiles J.M., Lopez-Soriano F.J. Resveratrol, a natural diphenol, reduces metastatic growth in an experimental cancer model. Cancer Lett., (2007)245:144–148.
[47] Tamilselvam Rajavel, KasiPandimaDevi. Phytochemicals as Epigenetic Modifiers for Cancer Management with Special Reference to Lung Cancer., (2019).
[48] S. Biswas, I. Rahman, in Bioactive Food as Dietary Interventions for Liver and Gastrointestinal Disease, (2013).
[49] FZhang S. Computer-aided drug discovery and development. In Drug Design and Discovery. , 716 (2011) 23-38.
[50] Kapetanovic IM. Computer-aided drug discovery and development (CADD): in silicon-chemical-biological approach. Chemical-biological interactions. , 171(2) (2008) 165-76.
[51] Imam SS, Gilani SJ. Computer-Aided Drug Design: A Novel Loom To Drug Discovery. Org. Med. Chem., 1(4) (2017) 1-6.
[52] Anderson AC. The process of structure-based drug design. Chemistry & biology., 10(9) (2003) 787-97.
[53] PrashantMathur, DNB, PhD1; Krishnan Sathishkumar, MSc1; MeeshaChaturvedi, MBBS1; Priyanka Das, B-Level1; KondalliLakshminarayanaSudarshan, MSc1; Stephen Santhappan, MSc, MPhil1; VinodhNallasamy, MSc, MPhil1; Anish John, BE1; Sandeep Narasimhan, MSc1; and Francis SelvarajRoselind, MSc1; JCO GLOBAL Oncology no. 6(2020) 1063-1075.
[54] SampledPharmacophore Approach, Current Computer-Aided Drug Design (2011) 7: Chayan Acharya, Andrew Coop, James E. Polli, and Alexander D. MacKerell, Recent Advances in Ligand-Based Drug Design: Relevance and Utility of the Conformationally
[55] Steinmann J., Buer J., Pietschmann T., Steinmann E. Anti-infective properties of epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), a component of green tea. Br. J. Pharmacol. (2013) 168:1059–1073. doi: 10.1111/bph.12009.
[56] Chantre P., Lairon D. Recent finding of green tea extract AR25 (Exolise) and its activity for the treatment of obesity. Phytomedicine. (2002) 9:3–8. doi: 10.1078/0944-7113-00078.
[57] Leung L.K., Su Y., Chen R. Theaflavins in black tea and catechins in green tea are equally effective antioxidants. J. Nutr., (2001) 131:2248–2251. doi: 10.1093/jn/131.9.2248.
[58] Zhang C., Suen C.L.C., Yang C., Quek S.Y. Antioxidant capacity and major polyphenol composition of teas as affected by geographical location, plantation elevation, and leaf grade. Food Chem., (2018) 244:109–119. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.09.126.
[59] Yanagimoto K., Ochi H., Lee K.G., Shibamoto T. Antioxidative activities of volatile extracts from green tea, oolong tea, and black tea. J. Agric. Food Chem., (2003) 51:7396–7401. doi: 10.1021/jf030127i.
[60] Juneja L.R., Chu D.-C., Okubo T. L-theanine—A unique amino acid of green tea and its relaxation effect in humans. Trends Food Sci. Technol. 1999; 10:199–204. doi: 10.1016/S0924-2244(99)00044-8.
[61] Yoshizawa S., Horiuchi T., Sugimura M. Penta-o-galloyl-?-D-glucose and epigallocatechin gallate: Cancer prevention agent. Phenolic Compounds in Food and Health II. Antioxidant and cancer prevention. Washington DC. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992;2:118–119.
[62] Mazieres J, Cropet C, Montané L, Barlesi F, Souquet PJ, Quantin X, Dubos-Arvis C, Otto J, Favier L, Avrillon V, Cadranel J, Moro-Sibilot D, Monnet I, Westeel V, Le Treut J, Brain E, Trédaniel J, Jaffro M, Collot S, Ferretti GR, Tiffon C, Mahier-Ait Oukhatar C, Blay JY. Vemurafenib in non-small-cell lung cancer patients with BRAFV600 and BRAFnonV600 mutations. Ann Oncol. 2020 Feb;31(2):289-294. doi: 10.1016/j.annonc.2019.10.022. Epub 2020 Jan 3. PMID: 31959346.
[63] Hyman DM, Puzanov I, Subbiah V, Faris JE, Chau I, Blay JY, Wolf J, Raje NS, Diamond EL, Hollebecque A, Gervais R, Elez-Fernandez ME, Italiano A, Hofheinz RD, Hidalgo M, Chan E, Schuler M, Lasserre SF, Makrutzki M, Sirzen F, Veronese ML, Tabernero J, Baselga J. Vemurafenib in Multiple Nonmelanoma Cancers with BRAF V600 Mutations. N Engl J Med. 2015 Aug 20;373(8):726-36. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1502309. Erratum in: N Engl J Med. 2018 Oct 18;379(16):1585. PMID: 26287849; PMCID: PMC4971773.
[64] Joshi M, Rice SJ, Liu X, Miller B, Belani CP. Trametinib with or without vemurafenib in BRAF mutated non-small cell lung cancer. PLoS One. 2015 Feb 23;10(2) e0118210. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0118210. PMID: 25706985; PMCID: PMC4338247.
[65] Robinson SD, O`Shaughnessy JA, Cowey CL, Konduri K. BRAF V600E-mutated lung adenocarcinoma with metastases to the brain responding to treatment with vemurafenib. Lung Cancer., 85(2) (2014) 326-30. doi: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2014.05.009. Epub 2014 May 21. PMID: 24888229.
[66] Zubair H, Azim S, Ahmad A, et al. Cancer Chemoprevention by Phytochemicals: Nature`s Healing Touch. Molecules., 22(3) (2017) 395. Published 2017 Mar 3. doi:10.3390/molecules22030395;20(20):4981.
[67] Ranjan A, Ramachandran S, Gupta N, et al. Role of Phytochemicals in Cancer Prevention. Int J Mol Sci., (2019).
[68] Efferth, Thomas, et al., Integration of phytochemicals and phytotherapy into cancer precision medicine., Oncotarget ., 8(30) (2017) 50284-50304. doi:10.18632/oncotarget.17466.
[69] Jones V, Katiyar SK. Emerging phytochemicals for prevention of melanoma invasion. Cancer Lett., 335(2) (2013) 251-258. doi:10.1016/j.canlet.2013.02.056.
[70] Zhang L, Huang Y, Zhuo W, Zhu Y, Zhu B, Chen Z. Fisetin, a dietary phytochemical, overcomes Erlotinib-resistance of lung adenocarcinoma cells through inhibition of MAPK and AKT pathways. Am J Transl Res., 8(11) (2016) 4857-4868. Published 2016o
[71] Chirumbolo S, Bjørklund G, Lysiuk R, Vella A, Lenchyk L, Upyr T. Targeting Cancer with Phytochemicals via Their Fine-Tuning of the Cell Survival Signaling Pathways. Int J Mol Sci., 19(11) (2018) 3568. Published 2Singh S, Sharma B, Kanwar SS, Kumar A. Lead Phytochemicals for Anticancer Drug Development. Front Plant Sci. 2016; 7:1667. Published 2016 Nov 8. doi:10.3389/fpls.2016.01667018 Nov 12
[72] Hosseini A, Ghorbani A. Cancer therapy with phytochemicals: evidence from clinical studies. Avicenna J Phytomed. , 5(2) (2015) 84-97.
[73] Wang H, Khor TO, Shu L et al. Plants vs. cancer: a review on natural phytochemicals in preventing and treating cancers and their druggability. Anticancer Agents Med Chem. 12(10) (2012) 1281-1305. Doi: 10.2174/187152012803833026.
[74] Dr.P.Gopiraman, "Cigarette Smoking Induced Human Cellular Oxidative Deregulations" SSRG International Journal of Applied Chemistry 2.1 (2015): 1-4.

Keywords
Cancer, CADD, Therapeutics, Phytochemicals, and Lung cancer.

International Journal of Biotech Trends and Technology - IJBTT - Current Issue

A Comparative Analysis of Growth and Polyhydroxybutyrate production in Selected Strains of Bacteria

	International Journal of Biotech Trends and Technology (IJBTT)
	© 2015 by IJBTT Journal
	Volume-13
	Year of Publication : 2015
	Authors : Reji. S R, Nair G M, Gangaprasad A, Potty V P

Citation

Reji. S R, Nair G M, Gangaprasad A, Potty V P "A Comparative Analysis of Growth and Polyhydroxybutyrate production in Selected Strains of Bacteria", International Journal of Biotech Trends and Technology (IJBTT),V13:8-13 November-December 2015. Published by Seventh Sense Research Group.

Abstract

Polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) is a class of polyester accumulated intracellularly by many gram positive and gram negative bacteria as carbon and energy reserve granule. The potential of PHB as biodegradable plastic has been long recognized but several factors like time of extraction, method of extraction, carbon sources etc. hampered their commercialization for a wide range of application. So this study was aimed for isolating potential PHB accumulating strains and optimizing time of extraction of PHB from the strains. Time course study of growth and PHB production of bacteria revealed that optimum PHB production was associated with the stationary phase of its growth.

References

[1] H.Braldn, A. Gross, R. W. Lenz, R. W. Fuller, “ Plastic from bacteria and for bacteria (polyhydroxyalkonates) as natural bio compactable and biodegradable polyesters,” Adv. Biochem. Eng. Biotechnol. 41, 77-93, 1990.
[2] R. M. Atlas, R. Bartha,“Microbial ecology: Fundamentals and applications (ed. Atlas R M and BarthaR ). The Benjamine/Cummings publishing company Inc,” New York. 1993.
[3] P. R. Patwardhan, A. K. Srivastava,“Model-based fed-batch cultivation of R.eutrophafor enhanced biopolymer production,”.Biochem. Eng. J. 20, 21-28, 2004.
[4] A. Khare, S. Deshmukh, “Studies toward producing ecofriendly plastics,” Journal of Plastic Film and Sheeting. 22, 193- 211, 2006.
[5] C. Nawrath, Y. Poirier, C. Somerville,“Plant polymers for biodegradable plastics:cellulose, starch and Polyhydroxyalkanoates,”Mol Breeding.1, 105-122, 1995.
[6] S. Y. Lee, “Plastic bacteria- progress and prospects for polyhydroxyalkonate production in bacteria,” Trends Biotechnol. 14,431-438, 1996.
[7] L. LMadison, G. W. Huisman, “Metabolic engineering of poly(3- hydroxyalkanoates): from DNA to plastic,”Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev. 63, 21–53, 1999
[8] Y. B.Kim, R. W. Lenz, “Polyesters from microorganisms,” Adv. Biochem. Eng. Biotechnol. 71, 51-79, 2001.
[9] C.S. KReddy, Ghai R Rashmi, V. C. Kalia,“Polyhydroxyalkanoates: an overview,”Bioresour Technol. 87, 137-146, 2003.
[10] A. Steinbüchel, H. Valentin,“Diversity of bacterial polyhydroxyalkonicacids,” FEMS microbial Lett. 128, 219-228, 1995.
[11] P. J. Senior, G. A.Beech, G A. F Ritchie, E. A Dawes, “The role of oxygen limitation of polyhydroxybutyrate during batch and continuous culture of Azotobacterbeijernckii,”Biochem. J. 128, 1193-1201, 1972.
[12]P. J.Senior, E, A. Dawes, “The regulation of polyhydroxybutyrate metabolism in Azotobacterbeijernikii,”Biochem. J. 134, 225- 238, 1973.
[13] D. Byrom,“Polyhydroxyalkonates, Plastics from Microbes: microbial synthesis of polymers and polymer precursors,”Hanser Munich. 5 – 33, 1994.
[14] T.Rewate, S. Mavinkurve, “A Rapid hypochlorate method for extraction of polyhydroxyalkonates from bacterial cells,” Ind. J. Exp. Biol. 40, 924- 929, 2002.
[15] N. Aarthi, K. V. Ramana, “Identification and characterization of polyhydroxybutyrate producing Bacillus cereus and Bacillus mycoides strains,” Int. J. Environ. Sci. 1 (5), 744-756, 2011.
[16] H.Stam, H. W. Verseveld, W. D. E. Van Vries, A. H. Stouthamer, “Utilization of poly-beetahydroxybutyrate in free living cultures of RhizobiumORS571,” FEMS MicrobiolLett. 35, 215 – 220, 1986.
[17] R.Tombolini, M. D. Nuti, “Poly (beeta- hydroxyalkonates) biosynthesis and accumulation by different species,” FEMS Microbiol. 60, 299 – 304, 1989.
[18] S.Encarnacion, M. Dunn, K. Willams, J. Mora, “Fermentative and aerobic metabolism in Rhizobium etli,” J.Bacteriol. 177, 3058 – 3066, 1995.
[19] T. G.Benoit, G. R.Wilson, C. L. Baygh, “Fermentation during growth and sporulation of Bacillus thuringiensis HD-1,” LettAppl. Microbiol. 10, 15-18, 1990.
[20] D. H.Nam, D. D. Y Ryu, “Relationship between butirosin biosynthesis and sporulation in Bacillus circulans,”AntimicrobAgents Chemother. 2, 789-801, 1985.
[21] A. Santhanam, S. Sasidharan, “Microbial production of polyhydroxyalkanotes (PHA) fromAlcaligenssp and Pseudomonas oleovoransusing different carbon sources,” Afr. J. Biotechnol. 9, 3144 -3150, 2010.
[22] M.Ramachander, S. Girisham, S. M. Reddy,“Production of PHB (polyhydroxybutyrate) by RhodopseudomonaspalustrisKU003 under nitrogen limitation,” Int. J. Appl. Biol. Pharm. Technol. 1, 676 -678, 2010.
[23] K.Sangkharak K, Prasertsan P,“Nutrient optimization for production of polyhydroxybutyrate from halotolerant photosynthetic bacteria cultivated under aerobic-dark condition,” E. J. Biotechnol.11,3-8, 2008.
[24] Nisha V Ramadas, Sudeer Kumar Singh, Carlos Riccardo Soccol, Ashok Pandey, “Polyhydroxybutyrate production using agro-industrial residues as substrate by Bacillus sphaericus NCIM 5149,” Braz. Arch. Biol. Technol. 52, 17-23, 2009.
[25] Thirumala M Sulthanapuram, Vishnuvardha Reddy, S. K. Mahamood,“Production and characterization of two novel strains of Bacillussp isolated from soil and activated sludge,” J. Ind. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 37, 271-278, 2010.
[26] Q.Wu, H. Huang, G. Hu, J. Chen, K. P. Ho, G. Q. Chen, “Production of poly-3-hydroxybutyrate by Bacillus sp. JMa5 cultivated in molasses media,”Antonie van Leeuwenhoek. 80,111-118, 2001.
[27] T. R.Shamala, A. Chandrashekar, S. V. Vijayendra, L. Sharma,“Identification of polyhydroxyalkonate (PHA) producing Bacillus sp. using the polymerase chain reaction,” J. Appl. Microbiol. 94, 369-374, 2003.

Keywords
Bacteria, growth, PHB production.

Development, Processing and Evaluation of Azolla Enriched Breads for Nutraceutical Application

	International Journal of Biotech Trends and Technology (IJBTT)
	© 2018 by IJBTT Journal
	Volume - 8 Issue - 2
	Year of Publication : 2018
	Authors : Mohd Azhar, Sadaf Pervez, Bibhu Prasad Panda, Sushil Kumar Gupta
	DOI :  10.14445/22490183/IJBTT-V8I2P606

Citation

Mohd Azhar, Sadaf Pervez, Bibhu Prasad Panda, Sushil Kumar Gupta "Development, Processing and Evaluation of Azolla Enriched Breads for Nutraceutical Application", International Journal of Biotech Trends and Technology (IJBTT), V8(2): 27-37 April - June 2018, Published by Seventh Sense Research Group.

Abstract

People who feed on vegetarian diets often suffer from B vitamin deficiency as plant sources lack in B vitamins. Incorporation of Azolla in bread can target the affected population. Texture analysis revealed that there was less increase in hardness in case of bread fortified with 5% Azolla. Sensory analysis performed by panelist’s shows inclination towards bread with 5% Azolla however bread fortified with 15% of Azolla powder has shown acceptability because of its color. Therefore, it can be concluded that Azolla is packed with macronutrients like protein and micronutrients like VitB12, VitB9 and non-enzymatic antioxidants that can be used in various food fortification and enrichment products, which would ultimately cater the needy population.

References

[1] Bickoff, E. M.; Booth, A. N.; Fremery, D. de.; Edwards, R. H.; Knuckles, B. E.; Miller, R. E.; Saunders, R. M.; Kohler, G. 0. Nutritional evaluation of alfalfa leaf protein concentrate. In Protein nutritional quality of foods and feeds; Friedman, M., Ed.; Dekker: New York, 1975.
[2] Hertog, M.G.L., P.C.H. Hollman, and M.B. Katan. Content of potentially anticarcinogenic flavonoids of 28 vegetables and 9 fruits commonly consumed in the Netherlands. J. Agr. Food Chem. 1992; 40:2379–2383.
[3] K.Selvaraj, Ranjana Chowdhury, Chiranjib Bhattacharjee. A green chemistry approach for the synthesis and characterization of bioactive gold nanoparticles using Azolla microphylla methanol extract. Front. Mater. Sci. 2014; 8(2):123-135.
[4] M Mohamed, Ibrahim, M Eazaz and Mostafa, UV-B Effect on Constituents of Azolla caroliniana. Zeitschrift fur Naturforschung - Section C Journal of Biosciences. 2006; 6293-4):246-252.
[5] Miller RO, Jacobsen JS, Skogley EO. Aerial accumulation and partitioning of nutrients by hard red spring wheat. Commun Soil Sci Plant Anal. 1993; 24:2389–2407.
[6] Nishinari K, Kohyama K, Kumagai H, Funami T, Bourne M. C.. Parameters of Texture Profile Analysis. Food Sci. Technol.. Res. 2013, 19 (3), 519 – 521,

Keywords
Azolla; Fortified bread; Texture analysis; VitB1; VitB

IJBTT - Volume 5 - Issue 4 - 2015

Development of ROSINA (Robotic System for Intubation)

	International Journal of Biotech Trends and Technology (IJBTT)
	© 2021 by IJBTT Journal
	Volume - 11 Issue - 3
	Year of Publication : 2021
	Authors : Guido Danieli, Rosa Gallo, Pasquale Francesco Greco, Gabriele Larocca, Francesco Maiarota, Massimiliano Sorbello
	DOI :  10.14445/22490183/IJBTT-V11I3P601

Citation

MLA Style:Guido Danieli, Rosa Gallo, Pasquale Francesco Greco, Gabriele Larocca, Francesco Maiarota, Massimiliano Sorbello  "Development of ROSINA (Robotic System for Intubation)" International Journal of Biotech Trends and Technology 11.3 (2021): 1-7.

APA Style:Guido Danieli, Rosa Gallo, Pasquale Francesco Greco, Gabriele Larocca, Francesco Maiarota, Massimiliano Sorbello(2021). Development of ROSINA (Robotic System for Intubation). International Journal of Biotech Trends and Technology, 11(3), 1-7.

Abstract

The paper describes the development of a new robotic system for guiding the intubation using a laryngoscope, separating the patient from the doctor, and allowing to fully control the introduction using a small console with two joysticks. The basic mechanism derives from our ROSES, robotic system for endovascular surgery, presently going through clinical tests in the field of angioplasty, and consisting in a particular planetary train that allows controlling three parameters, advancement, rotation of the laryngoscope, and possibly curvature of its tip. In the final edition, however, the third parameter control was suppressed substituted by a motor positioned on the clamp that holds the laryngoscope. The system includes a stand holding the robotic actuator placed above the patient’s mouth, the clamp to grasp the laryngoscope suspended to a wire, whose weight is counterbalanced. On the opposite side of the actuator is placed the small console. A brake allows blocking the wire that joins the clamp with the counterweight. Clinical trials on this system are also about to start since we are waiting for the permission of the ethical committee.

References

[1] L. Cabrini, M. BaiardoRedaelli, L. Ball, M. Filippini, E. Fominskiy, M. Pintaudi, A. Putzu, C.D. Votta, M. Sorbello, M. Antonelli, G. Landoni, P. Pelosi, A. Zangrillo, Awake Fiberoptic Intubation Protocols in the Operating Room for Anticipated Difficult Airway: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials, AnesthAnalg. 61 128(5) (1989) (2019) 971-980.J. Breckling, Ed., ?The Analysis of Directional Time Series: Applications to Wind Speed and Direction, ser. Lecture Notes in Statistics. Berlin, Germany: Springer.
[2] A. Schenk, C.K. Markus, P. Kranke, Awake fiberoptic intubation - gold standard for the anticipated difficult airway, Review AnasthesiolIntensivmedNotfallmedSchmerzther., 49(2) (2014) 92-9.
[3] K.T. Saracoglu, A. Saracoglu, and R. Demirhan, Airway management strategies for the Covid 19 patients: A brief narrative review, J ClinAnesth. (2020) 66: 109954. Published online 2020.
[4] P.F. Greco, G. Larocca, M. Perrelli, G. Danieli, S. De Rosa, C. Indolfi ROSA – RObotic System for Angioplasty. Mechanisms and Machine Science (2019) 78-90.
[5] T.J. Cahill, M. Chen, K. Hayashida, A. Latib, T. Modine, N. Piazza, S. Redwood, L. Søndergaard, B.D. Prendergast, Transcatheter aortic valve implantation: current status and future perspectives, European Heart Journal, 39(28) (2018) 2625–2634.
[6] G. Danieli, S. De Rosa, P.F. Greco, C. Indolfi, G. La Greca, G. Larocca, F. Mammolito, M. Massetti, C. Spaccarotella,G. Tinelli,Y. Tshomba, and L. Venturini, Extending ROSA to the entire Endovascular Field. International Journal of Latest Engineering and Management Research (IJLEMR),5(9) (2020) 10-18.
[7] G. Danieli, M. Dodaro, R. Gallo, P.F. Greco, G. Larocca, F. Maiarota and M. Sorbello, Robotic system for difficult intubations or of patients with COVID-19, Italian Patent Application 102020000011398 of 18/05/2020.
[8] G. Danieli, R. Gallo, P.F. Greco, G. Larocca, F. Maiarota and M. Sorbello, New version of the robot for guiding the intubation of patients, Italian Patent Application 102021000003266 of 01/03/2021.
[9] G. Danieli, R. Gallo, P.F. Greco, G. Larocca, F. Maiarota, and M. Sorbello, Further modifications or possible new version of the cannulation robot Italian Patent Application 102021000011234 of 06/05/2021.
[10] G. Danieli, R. Gallo, P.F. Greco, G. Larocca, F. Maiarota and M. Sorbello, Last version of the robotized system for Difficult Intubation or of COVID patients Italian Patent Application 102021000016946 of 02/07/2021.

Keywords
guiding a laryngoscope in the upper airways, risk reduction in patient intubation, robotic system for intubation, separating the doctor from the patient during intubation.

Towards a Greener Future: Sustainable IT Development and Greening IT

	International Journal of Biotech Trends and Technology (IJBTT)
	© 2018 by IJBTT Journal
	Volume - 8 Issue - 2
	Year of Publication : 2018
	Authors : Nishanth M Hegde, Uday Hegde, Sachin T Bhagwat, Nalina V
	DOI :  10.14445/22490183/IJBTT-V8I2P605

Citation

Nishanth M Hegde, Uday Hegde, Sachin T Bhagwat, Nalina V "Towards a Greener Future: Sustainable IT Development and Greening IT", International Journal of Biotech Trends and Technology (IJBTT), V8(2): 21-26 April - June 2018, Published by Seventh Sense Research Group.

Abstract

Information Technology has become one of the most important sources for carbon emission and greenhouse effect. The smartphone industry is one of the most rapidly growing industry with new features being rolled out every day. There is a rapid enhancement in technology and the way mobile phones handle various features and communication. As a result, users continuously upgrade their smartphones to avoid being outdated. This has increased the amount of e-waste as well as the radiations being emitted by the smartphones. On the other hand, an increase in the number of smartphone users has resulted in an increase of data as well as the need to increase the speed of the computation. As a result, cloud computing was introduced which made use of a number of servers deployed in data centres. But the increase of data centre facilities has also resulted in increase of energy consumption and green-house gases which needs to be addressed. In this paper, we discuss a few important methods which can be implemented to green the existing IT infrastructure which include wireless sensor networks for green smartphones, greening of smartphones and greening of cloud services.

References

[1]S. Zahoor, M. A. Shah and A. Wahid, "The green 2020: Impact of smartphones on the environment in present and future," 2017 International Conference on Communication Technologies (ComTech), Rawalpindi, 2017, pp. 91-97.
[2] S. Sinche, R. Barbosa, D. Nunes, A. Figueira and J. S. Silva, "Wireless sensors and mobile phones for human well-being," 2017 IEEE XXIV International Conference on Electronics, Electrical Engineering and Computing (INTERCON), Cusco, 2017, pp. 1-4.
[3] S. Singh, "Green computing strategies & challenges," 2015 International Conference on Green Computing and Internet of Things (ICGCIoT), Noida, 2015, pp. 758-760.
[4] S. Thakur and A. Chaurasia, "Towards Green Cloud Computing: Impact of carbon footprint on environment," 2016 6th International Conference - Cloud System and Big Data Engineering (Confluence), Noida, 2016, pp. 209-213.
[5]J. Zalewski and N. Sybramanian, "Developing a Green Computer Science Program," 2015 Seventh Annual IEEE Green Technologies Conference, New Orleans, LA, 2015, pp. 95-102.
[6] S. K. Routray and Sharmila K. P., "Green initiatives in IoT," 2017 Third International Conference on Advances in Electrical, Electronics, Information, Communication and Bio-Informatics (AEEICB), Chennai, 2017, pp. 454-457.
[7] E. Ahmad and B. Shihada, "Green smartphone GPUs: Optimizing energy consumption using GPUFreq scaling governors," 2015 IEEE 11th International Conference on Wireless and Mobile Computing, Networking and Communications (WiMob), Abu Dhabi, 2015, pp. 740-747.
[8]P. Teehan, M. Kandlikar and H. Dowlatabadi, "Estimating the changing environmental impacts of ICT-based tasks: A top-down approach," Proceedings of the 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Sustainable Systems and Technology, Arlington, VA, 2010, pp. 1-6.
[9]A. B. Bener, M. Morisio and A. Miranskyy, "Green Software," in IEEE Software, vol. 31, no. 3, pp. 36-39, May-June 2014.
[10] A. Jain, M. Mishra, S. K. Peddoju and N. Jain, "Energy efficient computing- Green cloud computing," 2013 International Conference on Energy Efficient Technologies for Sustainability, Nagercoil, 2013, pp. 978-982.

Keywords
CUE : Carbon Usage Effectiveness, IaaS : Infrastructure as a Service, MPS :Mobile Phone Sensing, SaaS : Software as a Service, PaaS : Platform as a Service

Ecological Diversity and Distribution of Noble Macro Fungi of Sal Dominated Forest of Central India with Special Reference to Agaricales

	International Journal of Biotech Trends and Technology (IJBTT)
	© 2015 by IJBTT Journal
	Volume-13
	Year of Publication : 2015
	Authors : Singh Surendra, Dwivedi Sandhya, Chauhan U.K , Tiwari Mahendra Kumar

Citation

Singh Surendra, Dwivedi Sandhya, Chauhan U.K , Tiwari Mahendra Kumar "Ecological Diversity and Distribution of Noble Macro Fungi of Sal Dominated Forest of Central India with Special Reference to Agaricales", International Journal of Biotech Trends and Technology (IJBTT),V13:1-7 November-December 2015. Published by Seventh Sense Research Group.

Abstract

The present study was undertaken within a year from June 2012 to September 2013 in different sampling sites of Amarkantak Biosphere reserve forest, Anuppur district of central India. The vegetation and climatic conditions of Amarkantak possesses prime location in India for the hot spot biodiversity of macro-fungi. Although this region is still unexplored due to the unawareness and less attention towards this subject. The study was therefore done to explore the variable and diverse species of macro fungi which have economic and medicinal importance. Present study describing the diversity and distribution of different mushrooms in different habitats of Amarkantak forest of central India. Total 58 mushroom samples were collected belonging to different genera . Russulceae and Amanitaceae were the most dominated families in this study .This study is the extended work of previous work done by the author .Preliminary work has been already published. Two medium were tested for the in vitro culture of mushroom mycelium. It was observed that PDA medium was the most suitable medium for agaricales.

References

[1] Pande, V., U.T. Palni and S.P. Singh. (2004). Species diversity of ectomycorrhizal fungi associated with temperate forest of Western Himalaya: a preliminary assessment. Curr. Sci. 86(12): 1619- 1623.
[2] Giachini, A.J., V.I. Oliviera, M.A. Castellano, and J.M. Trappe. (2000). Ectomycorrhizal fungi in Eucalyptus and Pinus plantations in southern Brazil. Mycologia 92(6): 1166-1177.
[3] Dahlberg, A. 2001. Effects of fire on ectomycorrhizal fungi in Fennoscandian boreal forests. Silva Fennica 36(1): 69-80.
[4] Horton, T.R. and T.D. Bruns. (2001). The molecular revolution in ectomycorrhizal ecology: peeking in the black box. Molecular Ecology 10: 1855-1871.
[5] Jonsson, L.M., M.C. Nilsson, D.A. Wardle, and O. Zackrisson. (2001). Context dependent effects of ectomycorrhizal species richness on tree seedling productivity. Oikos 93: 353-364.
[6] Singer (1975) The agaricales in modern taxonomy, 4th edition [7] Singer R. (1986). The agaricales in modern taxonomy, 4th edition Seven Koel. Scientific books, D-62.40 Koenigstein, Germany.
[8] Jordon M. (1995). The encyclopedia of fungi of Britain and Europe. In: David Charles (eds.) John Taylor Book Venture Ltd., Brunel House Newton Abbot, Devon.
[9] Rinaldi A., Tyndalo V. (1985). The complete book of mushroom. Crescent Books New York.
[10] Atri N.S., A. Kaur, S.S. Saini, Indian J Mushroom, 2000, 18, 6-14. [11] Rahi, D. K. (2001). Studies on the edible tribalmushrooms of M. P. and development of technology for large scale production. Ph. D.Thesis, R. D. University, Jabalpur (MP), India.
[12] Upadhyay M.K. (2004). genetic diversity of mushrooms of central india ,Ph.D Thesis ,R.D.University, Jabalpur (MP), India. [13] Sharma Rohit , Rajak R. C.; Pandey A. K. (2008). Journal of Mycopathological Research Vol. 46 No. 2 pp. 201-212.
[14] Kennedy PG, Hortal S., Bergemann SE, Bruns TD. (2007). Competitive interaction among three ectomycorrhizal fungi and their relation to host plant performance. Journal of Ecology 95,1338-1345.
[15] Agrawal P., Sah P. (2009). Ecological importance of ectomycorrhize in world forest ecosystem. Nature and Science 7 (2),107-116.
[16] Kranabetter J.M., Durall D.M., Mackenzie W.H. (2009). Diversity and species distribution of ectomycorrhizal fungi along productivity gradients of a southern boreal forest. Journal of Mycrrhiza 19:99-111.
[17] Turjaman M, Saito H, Santoso E, Susanto A, Gaman S, Limin SH, Shibuya M, Takahashi K, Tamai Y, Osaki M, Tawaraya K. (2011). Effect of Ectomycorrhizal fungi inoculated on Shorea balangeran under field conditions in peat-swampforest. Wetland Ecology and Management 19(4), 331-339
[18] Turjaman M. (2013). Mycorrhizal Fungi as input for conservation technology of forest rare plants forest and Rehabilitation for degraded lands (in Indonesian). Scientific Work Speech. Research and Development Centre for Conservation and Rehabilitation. The Ministry of Forestry of Republic of Indonesia. 24 pp.
[19] Pradeep CK, Vrinda KB. (2010). Ectomycorrhizal fungal diversity in three different forest types and their association with endemic, indigenous and exotic species in the Westhern Ghat forest of Thiruvananthapuram district, Kerala. Journal Mycopathol, Res, 48 (2), 279-289.
[20] Molina R, Massicotte H, Trappe J M. (1992). Specificity phenomena in mycorrhizal symbiosis: community-ecological consequences and practical implications. In: Allen M.F. (Ed.). Mycorrhizal functioning, an integrated plant-fungal process. Chapman and Hall, London. p. 357-423.
[21] Chotimah HENC, Kresnatita S, and Miranda Y. (2013). Ethnobotanical study and nutrient content of local vegetables consumed in Central Kalimantan, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 14 (2), 106-111
[22] Pyasi A, Soni KK, Verma RK. (2013). Effect of ectomycorrhizae on growth and establishment of sal (Shorea robusta) seedlings in central India. Nusantara Bioscience 5 (1), 44-49
[23] Hernnandez M.G., Linera G.W. (2011). Diversity of macromyceties determined by tree species, vegetation structure and microenvironment in tropical cloud forest in Veracruz, Mexico, Botany. 89,203-206.
[24] Mardji D. (2014). Diversity and dominance of ectomycorrhizal fungi after burned and unburned forest in Kutai National Park (Indonesia). International Journal of Innovation and Applied Studies. 5(4), 344-353.
[25] Muliyani R.B., Sastrahidayat I.R., Abdai A.L., Djauhari S. (2014). Exploring ectomycorrhiza in peat swamp forest of Nyaru Menteng Palangka Raya Central Borneo. Journal of Biodiversity and Environmental Science 5 (6):133-145.
[26] Zhang, W., Parker, K.M., Luo, Y., Wan, S., Wallace, L.L., Hu, S. (2005). Soil microbial responses to experimental warming and clipping in a tallgrass prairie. Global Change Biology 11: 266– 277.
[27] Koide, R.T., Shumway, D.L., Xu, B., Sharda, J.N. (2007). On temporal partitioning of a community of ectomycorrhizal fungi. New Phytologist 174: 420–429.
[28] Sato, H., Morimoto, S., Hattori, T. (2012). A thirty-year survey reveals that ecosystem function of fungi predicts phenology of mushroom fruiting. PLoS ONE 7(11): 1-8.
[29] A`Bear, A. D., Crowther, T. W., Ashfield, R., Chadwick, D. D., Dempsey, J., Meletiou, L., Boddy, L. (2013). Localised invertebrate grazing moderates the effect of warming on competitive fungal interactions. Fungal Ecology.
[30] Gange, A.C., Gange, E.G., Mohammad, A.B., Boddy, L. (2011). Host shifts in fungi caused by climate change? Fungal Ecology 4: 184-190.
[31] Egli, S. (2011). Mycorrhizal mushroom diversity and productivity—an indicator of forest health?. Annals of forest science 68(1): 81-88.
[32] Rayner, A. D., & Boddy, L. (1988). Fungal decomposition of wood. Its biology and ecology. John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
[33] Lindahl, B.D., Ihrmark, K., Boberg, J., Trumbore, S.E., Högberg, P., Stenlid, J., Finlay, R.D. (2007). Spatial separation of litter decomposition and mycorrhizal nitrogen uptake in a boreal forest. New Phytologist 173: 611–620.
[34] Smith, J.E., Molina, R., Huso, M.M.P., Luoma, D.L., McKay, D., Castellano, M.A., Lebel, T., Valachovic, Y. (2002). Species richness, abundance, and composition of hypogeous and epigeous ectomycorrhizal fungal sporocarps in young, rotation-age, and oldgrowth stands of 215 Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) in the Cascade Range of Oregon, U.S.A. Canadian Journal of Botany 80: 186–204.
[35] Logan, J.A., Regniere, J., Powell, J.A. (2003). Assessing the impacts of global warming on forest pest dynamics. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment 1:130-137.
[36] Baptista, P., Martins, A., Tavares, R.M. (2010). Diversity and fruiting pattern of macrofungi associated with chestnut (Castanea sativa) in the Trás-os-Montes region (Northeast Portugal). Fungal Ecology 3: 9-19.
[37] Dighton, J. & Mason, P.A. (1985). Mycorrhizal dynamics during forest tree development. In: Developmental Biology of Higher Fungi. Moore D, Casselton LA, Wood DA, Frankland JC (Eds). Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK. pp: 235-243.
[38] Luoma, D.L., Frenkel, R.E., Trappe, J.M., (1991). Fruiting of hypogeous fungi in Oregon Douglas-fir forests: seasonal and habitat variation. Mycologia 83, 335–353.
[39] Keizer, P.J. & Arnolds, E. (1994). Succession of ectomycorrhizal fungi in roadside verges planted with common oak (Quercus robur L.) in Drenthe, The Netherlands. Mycorrhiza 4: 147–159
[40] Smith, J.E., Molina, R., Huso, M.M.P., Luoma, D.L., McKay, D., Castellano, M.A., Lebel, T., Valachovic, Y. (2002). Species richness, abundance, and composition of hypogeous and epigeous ectomycorrhizal fungal sporocarps in young, rotation-age, and oldgrowth stands of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) in the Cascade Range of Oregon, U.S.A. Canadian Journal of Botany 80: 186–204.
[41] Griffith, G. W., & Roderick, K. (2008). Saprotrophic basidiomycetes in grasslands: distribution and function. In British Mycological Society Symposia Series (Vol. 28, pp. 277-299). Academic Press.
[42] Bååth, E. & S?derstr?m, B. (1979). Fungal biomass and fungal immobilization of plant nutrients in Swedish coniferous forest soils. Revue D’Écologie et de Biologie Du Sol 16: 477-489.
[43] Frankland, l.C. (1992). Mechanisms in fungal succession. In: The Fungal Community: Its Organization and Role in the Ecosystem (eds. G.e. Carroll and D.T. Wicklow). 2nd. edn. Mercel Dekker, New York: 383-401.
[44] Boddy, L. (1999). Saprotrophic cord-forming fungi: meeting the challenge of heterogeneous environments. Mycologia 91: 13-32.
[45] Lindahl, B., Stenlid, J., Finlay, R.D. 2001. Effects of resource availability on mycelial interactions and 32P transfer between a saprotrophic and an ectomycorrhizal fungus in soil microcosms. FEMS Microbiology Ecology 38: 43–52.
[46] Jonathan, S.G. & Fasidi, I.O. 2001. Effect of carbon, nitrogen and mineral sources on growth of Psathyerella atroumbonata (Pegler), a Nigerian edible mushroom. Food Chemistry 72: 479-483.
[47] Zadrazil F. (1975). Influence of CO2 Concentration on the Mycelium Growth of Three Pleurotus Species. European Journal of Applied Microbiology 1: 327-33.
[48] Wallander, H. & Nylund, J.E. (1991). Effects of excess nitrogen on carbohydrate concentration and mycorrhizal development of Pinus sylvestris L. seedlings. New Phytologist 119: 405–411

Keywords
Amarkantak- Biosphere Reserve, Forest, Macro fungi, Diversity

	International Journal of Biotech Trends and Technology  (IJBTT)
	© 2022 by IJBTT Journal
	Volume - 12 Issue - 1
	Year of Publication : 2022
	Authors : Kholoud N. Alharbi, Manal F. Alharbi
	DOI :   10.14445/22490183/IJBTT-V12I1P601

Citation

MLA Style:

Kholoud N. Alharbi, and Manal F. Alharbi. "Self-Confidence and Satisfaction of Nursing Students after Simulation Experience: Literature Review." International Journal of Biotech Trends and Technology  vol. 12, no. 1, Jan-Apr. 2022, pp. 1-8. Crossref, https://doi.org/10.14445/22490183/IJBTT-V12I1P601 

APA Style:

Kholoud N. Alharbi, & Manal F. Alharbi. (2022). Self-Confidence and Satisfaction of Nursing Students after Simulation Experience: Literature Review. International Journal of Biotech Trends and Technology, 12(1), 1-8. https://doi.org/10.14445/22490183/IJBTT-V12I1P601

Abstract

Simulation is becoming increasingly important in nursing education programs. Ensuring patient safety is the basis of the healthcare system. Nursing students and nurses can improve their skills and abilities in a safe environment through simulation, which helps to ensure patient safety.
The purpose of the review is to provide the best available evidence on the effectiveness of simulation on the self-confidence and satisfaction of nursing students.
A literature review on simulation in nursing education from 2011 to 2021 was conducted. The two databases that were included are Science Direct and Web of Science. The search terms were: simulation, undergraduate nursing students, education, nursing, satisfaction, confidence, self-confidence, Saudi Arabia, and worldwide. In total, there were 106 articles included in the review. Studies with quantitative, qualitative, and mixed-methodology designs were included.
This review revealed that simulation is an effective teaching strategy that helps nursing students gain the necessary self-confidence for future clinical practice. However, the gap between theory and practice; and the transferability to real-world practice weren't covered in the research articles.
Simulation is an effective educational method in nursing education. The results suggest future research studies about the transferability to real clinical practice and simulation's impact on patient outcomes based on the patient perspectives.

Keywords

Simulation, Nursing, Satisfaction, Self-confidence, Literature review.

References

[1] Alharbi K, & AlhamidI S, Students' Perception of High-Fidelity Simulation Experience as an Alternative to Clinical Placement During the Undergraduate Study: Qualitative Study. SSRG International Journal of Nursing and Health Science. 6(2) (2020) 15-22.

[2] An integrative review, Al Gharibi K. A, & Arulappan J, Repeated Simulation Experience on Self-Confidence, Critical Thinking, and Competence of Nurses and Nursing Students. SAGE Open Nursing. (2020) 6.

[3] Alexander E, Purposeful Simulation Role Assignment. Clinical Simulation in Nursing. 48 (2020) 1-7.

[4] Al Khasawneh E, Arulappan J, Natarajan J. R, Raman S, & Isac C, Efficacy of Simulation Using NLN/Jeffries Nursing Education Simulation Framework on Satisfaction and Self-Confidence of Undergraduate Nursing Students in a Middle-Eastern Country. SAGE Open Nursing. (2021) 7.

[5] Alalhareth N, & Howarth M, The Effectiveness of Simulation Training on Nursing Students’ Neonatal Resuscitation Skills: A Systematic Review. International Journal of Nursing and Health Care Research. 3 (2020) 1187.

[6] Au M. L, Lo M. S, Cheong W, Wang S. C, & Van I. K, Nursing Students' Perception of High-Fidelity Simulation Activity Instead of Clinical Placement: A Qualitative Study. Nurse Education Today. 39 (2016) 16-21.

[7] Ahmed E, Hassan A, & Mehany M, Effect of Simulation on Critical Thinking, Satisfaction and Self-Confidence of Nursing Students During Care of the Pneumonic Child. International Journal of Advanced Research in Nursing. 2(1) (2018) 131-137.

[8] Alshammari M. H, & Mital D. P, Medical Errors in Saudi Arabia: Understanding the Pattern and Associated Financial Cost. International Journal of Medical Engineering and Informatics. 8(1) (2016) 41-48.

[9] Alammary M. A, Saudi Novice Undergraduate Nursing Students' Perception of Satisfaction and Self-Confidence with High-Fidelity Simulation: A Quantitative Descriptive Study, Saudi Critical Care Journal. 1(4) (2017) 99.

[10] Alsalamah Y, What is the Satisfaction and Self-Confidence in the Learning of Undergraduate Saudi Nursing Students Who Have Completed or are Currently in their Internship Experience with High-Fidelity Simulation Labs? Saudi Journal of Nursing and Health Care. (7) (2019).

[11] Amod H. B, & Brysiewicz P, Developing, Implementing and Evaluating a Simulation Learning Package on Post-Partum Haemorrhage for Undergraduate Midwifery Students in Kwazulu-Natal. Health Sa Gesondheid. 22 (2017) 194-201.

[12] Aggar C, Bloomfield J. G, Frotjold A, Thomas T. H, & Koo F, A Time Management Intervention Using Simulation to Improve Nursing Students’ Preparedness for Medication Administration in the Clinical Setting: A Quasi-Experimental Study, Collegian. 25(1) (2018) 105-111.

[13] Beaird G, Nye C, & Thacker II L. R, The Use of Video Recording and Standardized Patient Feedback Improves Communication Performance in Undergraduate Nursing Students, Clinical Simulation in Nursing. 13(4) (2017) 176-185.

[14] Bryant K, Aebersold M. L, Jeffries P. R, & Kardong-Edgren S, Innovations in Simulation: Nursing Leaders' Exchange of Best Practices, Clinical Simulation in Nursing. 41 (2020) 33-40. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecns.2019.09.002

[15] Burns H, O'Donnell J, & Artman J, High-Fidelity Simulation in Teaching Problem Solving to 1st-Year Nursing Students: Novel Use of the Nursing Process, Clinical Simulation in Nursing. 6(3) (2010) e87-e95.

[16] Blum C. A, & Parcells D. A, Relationship Between High-Fidelity Simulation and Patient Safety in Prelicensure Nursing Education: A Comprehensive Review, Journal of Nursing Education. 51(8) (2012) 429-435.

[17] Brauneis L, Badowski D, Maturin L, & Simonovich S. D, Impact of Low-Fidelity Simulation-Based Experiences in a Pharmacology Classroom Setting in Prelicensure Graduate Nursing Education, Clinical Simulation in Nursing. 50 (2021) 43-47.

[18] Brown J, Kelly M. A, McGough S, Fagence A, Bosco A. M, Mason J, & Albrecht M. A, A Longitudinal Study is the Impact of Simulation on Graduate-Entry Master's Students' Confidence to Provide Safe Patient Care, Clinical Simulation in Nursing. 45 (2020) 6-15.

[19] Brown A. M, Simulation in Undergraduate Mental Health Nursing Education: A Literature Review, Clinical Simulation in Nursing. 11(10) (2015) 445-449.

[20] Brohard C, & Moreland E, Utilization of High-Fidelity Simulation to Teach Advance Care Planning to Undergraduate Nursing Students (S733), Journal of Pain and Symptom Management. 55(2) (2018) 674.

[21] Cabañero-Martínez M. J, García-Sanjuán S, Escribano S, Fernández-Alcántara M, Martínez-Riera J. R, & Juliá-Sanchís R, Mixed-Method Study on the Satisfaction of a High-Fidelity Simulation Program in a Sample of Nursing-Degree Students, Nurse Education Today. 100(6) (2021) 104858.

[22] Cantrell M. A, Franklin A, Leighton K, & Carlson A, The Evidence in Simulation-Based Learning Experiences in Nursing Education and Practice: An Umbrella Review, Clinical Simulation in Nursing. 13(12) (2017) 634-667.

[23] Craft-Blackshear M, & French Y, Using High Fidelity Simulation to Increase Nursing Students' Clinical Post-Partum and Newborn Assessment Proficiency: A Mixed-Methods Research Study, Nurse Education Today. 71 (2018) 198-204.

[24] Chen J, Yang J, Hu F, Yu S. H, Yang B. X, Liu Q, & Zhu X. P, Standardised Simulation-Based Emergency and Intensive Care Nursing Curriculum to Improve Nursing Students’ Performance During Simulated Resuscitation: A Quasi-Experimental Study, Intensive and Critical Care Nursing. 46 (2018) 51-56.

[25] Davis D, Koppelman D, Gordon J, Coleman S. V, Heitzler E. T, & Fall-Dickson J. M, Effect of an Academic–Community Partnership Simulation Education Program on Quality and Safety Education for Nurses Competency Domains for Bachelor of Science in Nursing Students, Clinical Simulation in Nursing. 18 (2018) 56-63.

[26] Demirtas A, Guvenc G, Aslan O, Unver V, Basak T, & Kaya C, Effectiveness of Simulation-Based Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Training Programs on Fourth-Year Nursing Students, Australasian Emergency Care. 24(1) (2021) 4-10.

[27] Dincer B, & Ataman H, The Effect of High Reality Simulation on Nursing Students’ Knowledge, Satisfaction, and Self-Confidence Levels in Learning, International Journal of Caring Sciences. 13(3) (2020) 1969.

[28] Durham C. F, & Alden K. R, Patient Safety and Quality: An Evidence-Based Handbook for Nursing. Robert Wood Johnson Foundation. (2008).

[29] Edwards T, Boothby J. E, Succheralli L, & Gropelli T, Using An Unfolding Simulation with Maternity and Pediatric Nursing Students, Teaching and Learning in Nursing. 13(2) (2018) 122-124.

[30] Fawaz M. A, & Hamdan-Mansour A. M, Impact of High-Fidelity Simulation on the Development of Clinical Judgment and Motivation Among Lebanese Nursing Students, Nurse Education Today. 46 (2016) 36-42.

[31] Felton A, Holliday L, Ritchie D, Langmack G, & Conquer A, Simulation: A Shared Learning Experience for Child and Mental Health Pre-Registration Nursing Students, Nurse Education in Practice. 13(6) (2013) 536-540.

[32] Foronda C. L, Swoboda S. M, Henry M. N, Kamau E, Sullivan N, & Hudson K. W, Student Preferences and Perceptions of Learning from Vsim for Nursing™, Nurse Education in Practice. 33 (2018) 27-32.

[33] Gamble A. S, Simulation in the Undergraduate Paediatric Nursing Curriculum: Evaluation of a Complex 'Ward for a Day Education Program, Nurse Education in Practice. 23 (2017) 40-47.

[34] Guinea S, Andersen P, Reid-Searl K, Levett-Jones T, Dwyer T, Heaton L, Flenady T, Applegarth J, & Bickell P, Simulation-Based Learning for Patient Safety: The Development of the Tag Team Patient Safety Simulation Methodology for Nursing Education, Collegian. 26(3) (2019) 392-398.

[35] García-Mayora S, Quemada-Gonzálezb C, León-Camposa A, Kaknani-Uttumchandania S, Gutiérrez-Rodrígueza L, Carmona-Segoviac A, Martí-Garcíaa C, Nursing Students' Perceptions on the Use of Clinical Simulation in Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing by Means of Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE), Nurse Education Today. 100 (2021) 104866.

[36] Ha E. H, Experience Nursing Students with Standardized Patients in Simulation-Based Learning: Q-Methodology Study. Nurse Education Today. 66 (2018) 123-129.

[37] Harder N, The Value of Simulation in Health Care: The Obvious, the Tangential, and the Obscure. Clinical Simulation in Nursing. 15 (2018) 73-74.

[38] Haskell B, & Thul S, Impact of a Standardized Patient Simulation on Behavioural Health Nurse Resident Confidence and Satisfaction in Learning, Journal for Nurses in Professional Development. 36(4) (2020) 221-226.

[39] Hazell L, Lawrence H, & Friedrich-Nel H, Simulation-Based Learning Facilitates Clinical Readiness in Diagnostic Radiography. A Meta-Synthesis, Radiography. 26(4) (2020) e238-e245.

[40] Hung C. C, Kao H. F. S, Liu H. C, Liang H. F, Chu T. P, & Lee B. O, Effects of Simulation-Based Learning on Nursing Students' Perceived Competence, Self-Efficacy, and Learning Satisfaction: A Repeat Measurement Method, Nurse Education Today. 97 (2020) 104725.

[41] Hyland J. R, & Hawkins M. C, High-Fidelity Human Simulation in Nursing Education: A Literature Review Guide for Implementation, Teaching and Learning in Nursing. 4 (2009) 14-21.

[42] Jarvill M, Jenkins S, Akman O, Astroth K.S, Pohl C, Jacobs P.J, Effect of Simulation on Nursing Students’ Medication Administration Competence, Clinical Simulation in Nursing. 14 (2018) 3-7.

[43] Jacobs R, Beyer E, & Carter K, Interprofessional Simulation Education Designed to Teach Occupational Therapy and Nursing Students’ Complex Patient Transfers, Journal of Interprofessional Education & Practice. 6 (2018) 67-70.

[44] Jablonski A, McGuigan J, & Miller C. W, Innovative End-of-Life Simulation: Educating Nursing Students to Care for Patients During Transition, Clinical Simulation in Nursing. 48 (2020) 68-74.

[45] Johnsen H. M, Briseid H. S, Brodtkorb K, Slettebø Å, & Fossum M, Nursing Students' Perceptions of Combining Hands-On Simulation with Simulated Patients and a Serious Game in Preparing for Clinical Placement in-Home Healthcare: A Qualitative Study, Nurse Education Today. 97 (2020) 104675.

[46] Johnson K. V, Scott A. L, & Franks L, Impact of Standardized Patients on First-Semester Nursing Students' Self-Confidence, Satisfaction, and Communication in a Simulated Clinical Case, SAGE Open Nursing. 6 (2020).

[47] Karatas Ç, & Tuzer H, The Effect of Simulation-Based Training on the Self-Confidence and Self-Satisfaction of Nursing Students Dealing with Patients Under Isolation, Bezmialem Science. 8(3) (2020) 227-233.

[48] Kable A. K, Levett-Jones T. L, Arthur C, Reid-Searl K, Humphreys M, Morris S, Walsh P, & Witton N. J, A Cross-National Study to Objectively Evaluate the Quality of Diverse Simulation Approaches for Undergraduate Nursing Students, Nurse Education in Practice. 28 (2018) 248-256.

[49] Konieczny L, Using High-Fidelity Simulation to Increase Nursing Student Knowledge in Medication Administration, Teaching and Learning in Nursing. 11(4) (2016) 199-203.

[50] Kukko P, Silén-Lipponen M, & Saaranen T, Health Care Students' Perceptions About Learning of Affective, Interpersonal Communication Competence in Inter-Professional Simulations, Nurse Education Today. 94 (2020) 104565.

[51] Kang K. A, Kim S, Kim S. J, Oh J, & Lee M, Comparison of Knowledge, Confidence in Skill Performance (CSP) and Satisfaction in Problem-Based Learning (PBL) and Simulation with PBL Educational Modalities in Caring for Children with Bronchiolitis, Nurse Education Today. 35(2) (2015) 315-321.

[52] Keiser M. M, & Turkelson C, Using Students as Standardized Patients: Development, Implementation, and Evaluation of a Standardized Patient Training Program, Clinical Simulation in Nursing. 13(7) (2017) 321-330.

[53] Kirkpatrick A. J, Cantrell M. A, & Smeltzer S. C, Palliative Care Simulations in Undergraduate Nursing Education: An Integrative Review, Clinical Simulation in Nursing. 13(9) (2017) 414-431.

[54] Kim J, Park J. H, & Shin S, Effectiveness of Simulation-Based Nursing Education Depending on Fidelity: A Meta-Analysis. BMC Medical Education 16(1) (2016) 1-8.

[55] Kim Y. J, Noh G. O, & Im Y. S, Effect of Step-Based Pre-Briefing Activities on Flow and Clinical Competency of Nursing Students in Simulation-Based Education, Clinical Simulation in Nursing. 13(11) (2017) 544-551.

[56] Kim E, Effect of Simulation-Based Emergency Cardiac Arrest Education on Nursing Students' Self-Efficacy and Critical Thinking Skills: Role Play Versus Lecture, Nurse Education Today. 61 (2018) 258-263.

[57] Kim S. S, & De Gagne J. C, Instructor-Led vs Peer-Led Debriefing in Preoperative Care Simulation Using Standardized Patients, Nurse Education Today. 71 (2018) 34-39.

[58] Kaliyaperumal R, Raman V, Kannan L, Ali M, Satisfaction and Self-Confidence of Nursing Students with Simulation Teaching, International Journal of Health Sciences and Research. 11(2) (2021).

[59] Karlsen M. M. W, Gabrielsen A. K, Falch A. L, & Stubberud D. G, Intensive Care Nursing Students’ Perceptions of Simulation for Learning Confirming Communication Skills: A Descriptive Qualitative Study, Intensive and Critical Care Nursing. 42 (2017) 97-104.

[60] Kaddoura M, Vandyke O, Smallwood C, & Gonzalez K. M, Perceived Benefits and Challenges of Repeated Exposure to High Fidelity Simulation Experiences of First Degree Accelerated Bachelor Nursing Students, Nurse Education Today. 36 (2016) 298-303.

[61] Kunst E. L, Mitchell M, & Johnston A. N, Manikin Simulation in Mental Health Nursing Education: An Integrative Review, Clinical Simulation in Nursing. 12(11) (2016) 484-495.

[62] Li T, Petrini M. A, & Stone T. E, Baccalaureate Nursing Students' Perspectives of Peer Tutoring in Simulation Laboratory, A Q Methodology Study, Nurse Education Today. 61 (2017) 235-241.

[63] Lubbers J, & Rossman C, The Effects of Pediatric Community Simulation Experience on the Self-Confidence and Satisfaction of Baccalaureate Nursing Students: A Quasi-Experimental Study, Nurse Education Today. 39 (2016) 93–98.

[64] Lubbers J, & Rossman C, Satisfaction and Self-Confidence with Clinical Nursing Simulation: Novice Learners, Medium-Fidelity, and Community Settings, Nurse Education Today. 48 (2017) 140-144.

[65] Labrague L. J, McEnroe–Petitte D. M, Fronda D. C, & Obeidat A. A, Interprofessional Simulation in the Undergraduate Nursing Program: An Integrative Review, Nurse Education Today. 67 (2018) 46-55.

[66] Luctkar-Flude M, Wilson-Keates B, Tyerman J, Larocque M, & Brown C. A, Comparing Instructor-Led Versus Student-Led Simulation Facilitation Methods for Novice Nursing Students, Clinical Simulation in Nursing. 13(6) (2017) 264-269.

[67] McCaughey C.S, and Traynor M.K, The Role of Simulation in Nursing Education, Nurse Education Today. 30 (2010) 827-832.

[68] Mainey L, Dwyer T, Reid-Searl K, & Bassett J, High-Level Realism in Simulation: A Catalyst for Providing Intimate Care, Clinical Simulation in Nursing. 17 (2018) 47-57.

[69] Mulvogue J, Ryan C, & Cesare P, Nurse Simulation Facilitator Experiences Learning Open Dialogue Techniques to Encourage Self-Reflection in Debriefing, Nurse Education Today. 79 (2019) 142-146.

[70] McKelvin R, & McKelvin G, Immersive Simulation Training: Comparing the Impact on Midwifery and Paramedic Students’ Confidence to Perform Basic Life Support Skills, Midwifery. 87 (2020) 102-717.

[71] Moxley E, Maturin Jr, L. J, & Habtezgi D, A Lesson Involving Nursing Management of Diabetes Care: Incorporating Simulation in Didactic Instruction to Prepare Students for Entry-Level Practise. (2020).

[72] Maenhout G, Billiet V, Sijmons M, & Beeckman D, The Effect of Repeated High-Fidelity in Situ Simulation-Based Training on Self-Efficacy, Self-Perceived Leadership Qualities and Team Performance: A Quasi-Experimental Study a NICU-Setting, Nurse Education Today. (2020) 104849.

[73] Martins A. D, & Pinho D. L, Interprofessional Simulation Effects for Healthcare Students: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis, Nurse Education Today. (2020) 94 104568.

[74] Nye C, Campbell S. H, Hebert S. H, Short C, & Thomas M, Simulation in Advanced Practice Nursing Programs: A North-American Survey, Clinical Simulation in Nursing. 26 (2020) 3-10.

[75] Ostovar S, Allahbakhshian A, Gholizadeh L, Dizaji S. L, Sarbakhsh P, & Ghahramanian A, Comparison of the Effects of Debriefing Methods on Psychomotor Skills, Self-Confidence, and Satisfaction in Novice Nursing Students: A Quasi-Experimental Study, Journal of Advanced Pharmaceutical Technology & Research. 9(3) (2020) 107.

[76] O'Flaherty J, & Costabile M, Using a Science Simulation-Based Learning Tool to Develop Students' Active Learning, Self-Confidence and Critical Thinking in Academic Writing, Nurse Education in Practice. 47 (2020) 102839.

[77] Ogård-Repål A, De Presno Å. K, & Fossum M, Simulation with Standardized Patients to Prepare Undergraduate Nursing Students for Mental Health Clinical Practice: An Integrative Literature Review, Nurse Education Today. 66 (2018) 149-157.

[78] Peachey L, Shaping Clinical Imagination as New Graduate Nurses in Maternal-Child Simulation, Nurse Education Today. 97 (2021) 104668.

[79] Parry M, & Fey M. K, Simulation in Advanced Practice Nursing. Clinical Simulation in Nursing 26 (2012) 1-2.

[80] Pingue-Raguini M, Abujaber A. A, & Gomma N, Students’ Level of Satisfaction in Nursing Skills Demonstration: Basis for Designing Debriefing Strategies, International Journal of Medical Research & Health Sciences. 9(11) (2020) 30-38.

[81] Reid-Searl K, Mainey L, Bassett J, & Dwyer T, Using Simulation to Prepare Neophyte Nursing Students to Deliver Intimate Patient Care, Collegian. 26(2) (2019) 273-280.

[82] Riley-Baker J. K, Flores B. E, & Young-McCaughan S, Outcomes Educating Nursing Students Using an Evolving, Simulated Case Scenario, Clinical Simulation in Nursing. 39 (2020) 7-17.

[83] Rosen K. R, The History of Medical Simulation. Journal of Critical Care. 23(2) (2008) 157–166.

[84] Roberts B, Cotter V. T, Scott K, Greco L, Wenzel J, Ockimey J, Hansen B. R, & Sullivan N, Nursing Presence During Death: An End-of-Life Simulation Created by Students and Faculty, Collegian. (2020).

[85] Romero-Collado A, Baltasar-Bagué A, Puigvert-Viu N, Rascón-Hernán C, & Homs-Romero E.,Using Simulation and Electronic Health Records to Train Nursing Students in Prevention and Health Promotion Interventions, Nurse Education Today. 89 (2020) 104384.

[86] Reinhardt A. C, Mullins I. L, De Blieck C,, & Schultz P, IV Insertion Simulation: Confidence, Skill, and Performance, Clinical Simulation in Nursing. 8(5) (2012) e157-e167.

[87] Sapiano A. B, Sammut R, & Trapani J, The Effectiveness of Virtual Simulation in Improving Student Nurses' Knowledge and Performance During Patient Deterioration: A Pre and Post-Test Design, Nurse Education Today. 62 (2018) 128-133.

[88] Scherer Y. K, Foltz-Ramos K, Fabry D, & Chao Y. Y, Evaluating Simulation Methodologies to Determine Best Strategies to Maximize Student Learning, Journal of Professional Nursing. 32(5) (2016) 349-357.

[89] Sarikoc G, Ozcan C. T, & Elcin M, The Impact of Using Standardized Patients in Psychiatric Cases on the Levels of Motivation and Perceived Learning of the Nursing Students, Nurse Education Today. 51 (2017) 15-22.

[90] Skinner D, Mental Health Simulation: Effects on Students' Anxiety and Examination Scores, Clinical Simulation in Nursing. 35 (2019) 33-37.

[91] Schoening A. M, Sittner B. J, & Todd M. J, Simulated Clinical Experience: Nursing Students' Perceptions and the Educators' Role, Nurse Educator. 31(6) (2006) 253-258.

[92] Speeney N, Kameg K. M, Cline T, Szpak J. L, & Bagwell B, Impact of a Standardized Patient Simulation on Undergraduate Nursing Student Knowledge and Perceived Competency of a Patient's Care Diagnosed with Schizophrenia, Archives of Psychiatric Nursing. 32(6) (2018) 845-849.

[93] Silvia S, Faculty Perceptions of Simulation on Student Learning for Safe Clinical Nursing Practice (Doctoral Dissertations), Grand Canyon University. (2013)

[94] Salameh B, Nursing Student Satisfaction and Self-Confidence with High Fidelity Simulation at Arab American University: Palestine, International Journal of Health and Life Sciences. 3(2) (2017).

[95] Shin H, Ma H, Park J, Ji E. S, & Kim D. H, The Effect of Simulation Courseware on Critical Thinking in Undergraduate Nursing Students: Multi-Site Pre-Post Study, Nurse Education Today. 35(4) (2015) 537-542.

[96] Sullivan-Mann J, Perron C. A, & Fellner A. N, The Effects of Simulation on Nursing Students' Critical Thinking Scores: A Quantitative Study, Newborn and Infant Nursing Reviews. 9(2) (2009) 111-116.

[97] Sundler A. J, Pettersson A, & Berglund M, Undergraduate Nursing Students' Experiences Examining Nursing Skills in Clinical Simulation Laboratories with High-Fidelity Patient Simulators: A Phenomenological Research Study, Nurse Education Today. 35(12) (2015) 1257-1261.

[98] Tamaki T, Inumaru A, Yokoi Y, Fujii M, Tomita M, Inoue Y, Kido M, Ohno Y, & Tsujikawa M, The Effectiveness of End-of-Life Care Simulation in Undergraduate Nursing Education: A Randomized Controlled Trial, Nurse Education Today. 76 (2019) 1-7.

[99] Tawalbeh L. I, Effect of Simulation Modules on Jordanian Nursing Student Knowledge and Confidence in Performing Critical Care Skills: A Randomized Controlled Trial, International Journal of Africa Nursing Sciences. 13 (2020) 100242.

[100] Turrise S. L, Thompson C. E, & Hepler M, Virtual Simulation: Comparing Critical Thinking and Satisfaction in RN-BSN Students, Clinical Simulation in Nursing. 46 (2020).

[101] Todd J, McCarroll C, & Nucci A, High-Fidelity Patient Simulation Increases Dietetic Students' Self-Efficacy Before Supervised Clinical Practice: A Preliminary Study. (2016).

[102] Unver V, Tastan S, & Akbayrak N, Medication Errors: Perspectives of Newly Graduated and Experienced Nurses, International Journal of Nursing Practice. 118 (2012) 317-324.

[103] Vawser T, Simulation and Patient Safety: The Benefits to Your Organization, State Government Victoria. (2015).

[104] Verkuyl, M., & Hughes, M. Virtual gaming simulation in nursing education: a mixed-methods study. Clinical Simulation in Nursing 29 (2020) 9-14.

[105] Verkuyl M, Atack L, Larcina T, Mack K, Cahuas D, Rowland C, Richie S, & Ndondo M, Adding Self-Debrief to an In-Person Simulation: a Mixed-Methods Study, Clinical Simulation in Nursing. 47 (2020) 32-39.

[106] Vermeulen J, Buyl R, D’haenens F, Swinnen E, Stas L, Gucciardo L, & Fobelets M, Midwifery Students’ Satisfaction with Perinatal Simulation-Based Training. Women and Birth. (2020).

[107] Weatherspoon D, Phillips K, & Wyatt T, Effect of Interactive Electronic Simulation on Senior Bachelor of Science in Nursing Students Critical Thinking and Clinical Judgment Skills, Clinical Simulation in Nursing. 11(2) (2015) 126-133.

[108] Wang A. H, Lee C. T, & Espin S, Undergraduate Nursing Students' Experiences of Anxiety-Producing Situations in Clinical Practicums: A Descriptive Survey Study, Nurse Education Today. 76 (2019) 103-108.

[109] Woda A, Hansen J, Paquette M, & Topp R, The Impact of Simulation Sequencing on Perceived Clinical Decision Making, Nurse Education in Practice. 26 (2017) 33-38.

[110] Yang F, Wang Y, Yang C, Zhou M. H, Shu J, Fu B, & Hu, Improving Clinical Judgment by Simulation: A Randomized Trial and Validation of the Lasater Clinical Judgment Rubric in Chinese, BMC Medical Education. 19(1) (2019) 1-6.

[111] Zapko K. A, Ferranto M. L. G, Blasiman R, & Shelestak D, Evaluating Best Educational Practices, Student Satisfaction, and Self-Confidence in Simulation: A Descriptive Study, Nurse Education Today. 60 (2018) 28-34.

[112] A Mixed-Method Study, Zieber M, & Sedgewick M, Competence, Confidence and Knowledge Retention in Undergraduate Nursing Students, Nurse Education Today. 62 (2018) 16-21.

[113] Zhu F. F, & Wu L. R, The Effectiveness of a High-Fidelity Teaching Simulation Based on an NLN/Jeffries Simulation in the Nursing Education Theoretical Framework and its Influencing Factors, Chinese Nursing Research. 3(3) (2016) 129-132.

[114] Zhang H, Wang W, Goh S. H. L, Wu X. V, & Mörelius E, A Mixed-Methods Study is the Impact of a Three-Phase Video-Assisted Debriefing on Nursing Students' Debriefing Experiences, Perceived Stress and Facilitators' Practices, Nurse Education Today. 90 (2020) 104460.

Preparation of Amino-Modified Iron Oxide Nano Adsorbent and Calcinated Laterite for Chromium (Vi) and Copper (Ii) Removal

	International Journal of Biotech Trends and Technology (IJBTT)
	© 2018 by IJBTT Journal
	Volume - 8 Issue - 2
	Year of Publication : 2018
	Authors : M.Suresh Krishna, R.K.C.Jeykumar
	DOI :  10.14445/22490183/IJBTT-V8I2P604

Citation

M.Suresh Krishna, R.K.C.Jeykumar "Preparation of Amino-Modified Iron Oxide Nano Adsorbent and Calcinated Laterite for Chromium (Vi) and Copper (Ii) Removal", International Journal of Biotech Trends and Technology (IJBTT), V8(2): 18-20 April - June 2018, Published by Seventh Sense Research Group.

Abstract

Water crisis has become a part of our life. This is not altogether due to shortage of rainfall, but also due to increasing population, growing industrialization, expanding urbanization, agriculture activities etc., demand more and more water. Coping up with these developments requires various tactics to overcome the water shortage and satisfy the need of all. Water pollution is a serious problem in all over the world and particularly more in India as almost 70% of its surface water resources, and groundwater reserves are contaminated by biological, toxic, organic, and inorganic pollutants. The main activity in this direction is to decrease the pollution level of discharged effluents and treatment of contaminated water to acceptable quality. Nanotechnology is quickly developing in various fields.

References

[1.] Piao Xu, Guang Ming Zeng, Dan Lian Huang, Chong Ling Feng, Shuang Hu, Mei Hua Zhao, Cui Lai, Zhen Wei, Chao Huang, Geng Xin Xie, Zhi Feng Liu(2012): Use of iron oxide nanomaterials in wastewater treatment: A review.
[2.] B.M. Sunil and Saifiya Faziludeen(2015): Removal of hexavalent chromium Cr(VI) by adsorption in blended lateritic soil.
[3.] I.J. Syama, Arun KumarThallaand D.S. Manu(2015):Performance of Laterite Soil Grains as Adsorbent in the Removal of Chromium.
[4.] Wint Myat Shwe, Dr. Mya Mya Oo, Dr. Su Su Hlaing(2015): Preparation of Iron Oxide Nanoparticles Mixed with Calcinated Laterite for Arsenic Removal.
[5.] Shih-Hung Huang, Dong-Hwang Chen(2008): Rapid removal of heavy metal cations and anions from aqueous solutions by anamino-functionalized magnetic nano-adsorbent.

Keywords
increasing population, growing industrialization, expanding urbanization, agriculture activities etc.,

Evolution of Transgenic Technology in Cereal Crops: a Review Approach

	International Journal of Biotech Trends and Technology (IJBTT)
	© 2015 by IJBTT Journal
	Volume-12
	Year of Publication : 2015
	Authors : Vikrant

Citation

Vikrant "Evolution of Transgenic Technology in Cereal Crops: a Review Approach", International Journal of Biotech Trends and Technology (IJBTT),V12:17-26 September-October 2015. Published by Seventh Sense Research Group.

Abstract

This review study reports a concise analysis of investigations on origin and progress of transgenic technology in major cereal crops which is the integral part of the cereals improvement programmes. Most genetic transformation approaches of cereal crops have been majorly restricted to rice, wheat, maize, barley and oats. Rice has been considered as a model system for transgenesis and also for many molecular genetic studies. Moreover, certain parameters; such as selection of target tissues for desired gene transfer, screening of competent genotypes for regeneration and transformation, modes of gene deliveries and use of suitable selection markers for screening of putative transformants have been considered as major influencing factors for the success of transgenic technology. Immature embryo in general has been proved definitely the best target tissue for cereal transformation, but the optimal size and stage of the embryos is greatly affected by vegetative and physiological status of the mother plant. Amongst various modes of gene transformation applied in cereals biotechnology; biolistic-mediated gene delivery has been used more frequently than Agrobacteriummediated transformation techniques. In addition to conventional plant breeding techniques, the genetic transformation of cereals with agronomically important target genes is required to improve nutritional quality and quantity of cereals particularly resistance to various stresses and diseases.

References

[1] J.M. Dunwell, “Global population growth, food security and food and farming for the future”. In: D.J. Bennett, and R.C. Jennings, (Eds.) Successful Agricultural Innovation in Emerging Economies: New Genetic Technologies for Global Food Production, Cambridge University Press. pp.23-38, 2013.
[2] G.A. Khan, A. Bakhsh, T. Husnain, and S. Riazuddin, “Introduction of Cry1Ab gene in Gossypium hirsutum enhances resistance against lepidopteran pests”. Span. J. Agri. Res., vol. 9, pp.296-330, 2011.
[3] I.K. Vasil, “A short history of plant biotechnology”. Phytochem. Rev., vol.7, pp.387–394, 2008.
[4] R.T. Fraley, S.G. Roger, R.B. Horsch, P.S. Sanders, J.S. Flick, S.P. Adams, M.L. Bittner, L.A. Brand,C.L. Fink, J.S. Fry, G.R. Galluppi, S.B. Goldberg, N.L. Hoffman, and S. Woo, “Expression of bacterial genes in plant cells”. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA., vol.80, pp.4803–4807, 1983.
[5] M. Bevan, “Binary Agrobacterium vectors for plant transformation”. Nucleic Acids Res., vol.12, pp.8711-8721, 1984.
[6] J.C. Sanford, T.M. Klein, E.D. Wolt, and N. Alle, “Delivery of substances into cells and tissues using a particle bombardment process.” Pariculate Science and Technology, vol.5, pp. 27-37, 1987.
[7] W.J. Gordon-Kamm, T.M. Spencer, M.L. Mangano, T.R. Adams, R.J. Daines, W.G. Start, J.V. O’Brien, S.A. Chambers, W.R. Adams, N.G. Willetts, T.B. Rice, C.J. Mackey, R.W. Krueger, A.P. Kausch, and P.G. Lemaux, “Transformation of maize cells and regeneration of fertile transgenic plants”. Plant Cell, vol. 2, pp. 603-618, 1990.
[8] A.S. Ceasar, and E.S. Ignacimuthu, “Genetic engineering of millets: current status and future prospects”. Biotech. Lett., vol. 31, pp.779–788, 2009.
[9] Y. Hiei, S. Ohta, T. Komari, and T. Kumashiro, “Efficient transformation of rice (Oryza sativa L.) mediated by Agrobacterium and sequence analysis of the boundaries of the T-DNA”. Plant J., vol. 6, pp. 271–282, 1994.
[10] P. Christou, T.L. Ford, and M. Kofron, “Production of transgenic rice (Oryza sativa L.) plants from agronomically important indica and japonica varieties via electric discharge particle acceleration of exogenous DNA into immature zygotic embryos”. Bio/Technology, vol. 9, pp. 957-962, 1991.
[11] Y. Hiei, and T. Komari, “Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of rice using immature embryos or calli induced from mature seed”. Nat. Protoc., vol. 3, pp. 824–834, 2008.
[12] H. Saika, and S. Toki, “Mature seed-derived callus of the model indica rice variety Kasalath is highly competent in Agrobacteriummediated transformation”. Plant Cell Rep., vol. 29, pp. 1351–1364, 2010.
[13] A. Karthikeyan, S.K. Pandian, and M. Ramesh, ”Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of leaf base derived callus tissues of popular indica rice (Oryza sativa L. subsp. indica cv. ADT43)”. Plant Sci., vol. 181, pp. 258–268, 2011.
[14] K.K. Sahoo, A.K. Tripathi, A. Pareek, S.K. Sopory, and S.L. Singla-Pareek, “An improved protocol for efficient transformation and regeneration of diverse indica rice cultivars”. Plant Methods, vol. 7, pp. 49, 2011.
[15] L. Li, R. Qu, A. De Kochko, C. Fauquet, and R.N. Beachy, “An improved rice transformation system using the biolistic method”. Plant Cell Rep., vol. 12, pp. 250-255, 1993.
[16] M.T. Chan, H.H. Chang, S.L. Ho, W.F. Tong, and S.M. Yu, “Agrobacterium-mediated production of transgenic rice plants expressing a chimeric ?-amylase promoter/?-glucuronidase gene”. Plant Mol. Biol., vol.22, pp. 491-506, 1993.
[17] S. Toki, “Rapid and efficient Agrobacterium-mediated transformation in rice”. Plant Mol. Biol. Rep., vol.15, pp. 16-21, 1997.
[18] J. Dong, W. Teng, W.G. Buchholz, and T.C. Hall, “Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of Javanica rice”. Mol. Breed., vol. 2, pp. 267-276, 1996.
[19] H. Rashid, S. Yokoi, K. Toriyama, and K. Hinata, “Transgenic plant production mediated by Agrobacterium in indica rice”. Plant Cell Rep., vol. 15, pp. 727-730, 1996.
[20] Y.J. Lin, and Q. Zhang, “Optimizing the tissue culture conditions for high efficiency transformation of indica rice”. Plant Cell Rep., vol. 23, pp. 540-547, 2005.
[21] K. Ozawa, “Establishment of a high efficiency Agrobacteriummediated transformation system of rice (Oryza sativa L.)”. Plant Sci., vol. 176, pp. 522-527, 2009.
[22] Vikrant, R. Maragathamani, and P. Khurana, “Somatic embryogenesis from mature caryopsis culture under abiotic stress and optimization of Agrobacterium-mediated transient GUS gene expression in embryogenic callus of rice (Oryza sativa L.)”. Journal of Phytology, vol. 4(5), pp.16-25, 2012.
[23] S.H. Park, S.R.M. Pinson, and R.H. Smith, “T-DNA integration into genomic DNA of rice following Agrobacterium inoculation of isolated shoot apices”. Plant Mol. Biol., vol. 32, pp. 1135-1148, 1996.
[24] J. Dong, P. Kharb, W. Teng and T.C. Hall, “Characterization of rice transformed via an Agrobacterium-mediated inflorescence approach”. Mol. Breed., vol. 7, pp. 187-194, 2001.
[25] M-J. Cho, H. Yano, D. Okamoto, H-K Kim, H-R. Jung, K. Newcomb, V.K. Le, H.S. Yoo, R. Langham, B.B. Buchanan, and P.G. Lemaux, “Stable transformation of rice (Oryza sativa L.) via microprojectile bombardment of highly regenerative, green tissues derived from mature seed”. Plant Cell Rep., vol.22, pp. 483-489, 2004.

Keywords
Cereals, Selection Markers, Reporter gene, Agrobacterium, Biolistic, Transgenic.

	International Journal of Biotech Trends and Technology  (IJBTT)
	© 2022 by IJBTT Journal
	Volume - 12 Issue - 3
	Year of Publication : 2022
	Authors : Ijaz Sheik, Sri Naga Varun Mutte, Krishna Prasad Davarasingi, Ashok Thulluru
	DOI :   10.14445/22490183/IJBTT-V12I3P602

How to Cite?

Ijaz Sheik, Sri Naga Varun Mutte, Krishna Prasad Davarasingi, Ashok Thulluru "Current Review on Nanoparticles Targeting Colorectal Cancer" International Journal of Biotech Trends and Technology  vol. 12, no. 3, pp. 8-17, 2022. Crossref, https://doi.org/10.14445/22490183/IJBTT-V12I3P602 

Abstract

Despite great advancements in therapy, colorectal cancer (CRC) still causes major morbidity and death and is incredibly common around the world. One of the most promising approaches to treating cancer now involves using nanoparticles as a medication delivery mechanism. Targeted nanoparticles may use chemicals differently expressed on tumour cell surfaces to deliver cytotoxic medications to the tumour effectively. In a number of recent studies, different compounds have been used as ligands on the surfaces of nanoparticles to engage with tumour cells and facilitate the delivery of anticancer medicines. We address the prospective use of ligands and cellular targets in possible techniques for the treatment of CRCs and describe new developments in targeted nanoparticles against CRC in this article.

Keywords

Chemotherapy, Colorectal cancer, Ligands, stimulation, Targeted nanoparticles.

References

[1] Freddie Bray, et al., “Global Cancer Statistics 2018: GLOBOCAN Estimates of Incidence and Mortality Worldwide for 36 Cancers in 185 Countries,” CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians, vol. 68, no. 6, pp. 394-424, 2018. Crossref, http://doi.org/10.3322/caac.21492
[2] Yang Liu, et al., “Comparative Molecular Analysis of Gastrointestinal Adenocarcinomas,” Cancer Cell, vol. 33, no. 4, pp. 721-735, 2018. Crossref, http://doi.org/10.1016/j.ccell.2018.03.010
[3] Cornelis J A Punt, Miriam Koopman, and Louis Vermeulen, “From Tumour Heterogeneity to Advances in Precision Treatment of Colorectal Cancer,” Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology, vol. 14, no. 4, pp. 235-246, 2017. Crossref, http://doi.org/10.1038/nrclinonc.2016.171
[4] Prof Evelien Dekker, et al., “Colorectal Cancer,” The Lancet, vol. 394, no. 10207, pp. 1467-1480, 2019. Crossref, http://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(19)32319-0
[5] Aaron J Franke, et al., “Immunotherapy for Colorectal Cancer: A Review of Current and Novel Therapeutic Approaches,” Journal of the National Cancer Institute, vol. 111, no. 11, pp. 1131-1141, 2019. Crossref, http://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/djz093
[6] Eluri Pavitra, et al., “Engineered Nanoparticles for Imaging and Drug Delivery in Colorectal Cancer,” Seminars in Cancer Biology, vol. 69, pp. 293-306, 2021. Crossref, http://doi.org/10.1016/j.semcancer.2019.06.017
[7] Samia Omar, et al., “Colon-Specific Drug Delivery for Mebeverine Hydrochloride,” Journal of Drug Targeting, vol. 15, no. 10, pp. 691-700, 2007. Crossref, http://doi.org/10.1080/10611860701603281
[8] João F Pinto, “Site-Specific Drug Delivery Systems within the Gastro-Intestinal Tract: from the Mouth to the Colon,” International Journal of Pharmaceutics, vol. 395, no. 1-2, pp. 44-52, 2010. Crossref, http://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2010.05.003
[9] Bruno A Cisterna, et al., “Targeted Nanoparticles for Colorectal Cancer,” Nanomedicine (Lond), vol. 11, no. 18, pp. 2443-2456, 2016. Crossref, http://doi.org/10.2217/nnm-2016-0194
[10] Herb Brody, “Colorectal Cancer,” Nature, vol. 521, no. 7551, p. S1, 2015. Crossref, http://doi.org/10.1038/521S1a
[11] Rui-Mei Feng, et al., “Current Cancer Situation in China: Good or Bad News from the 2018 Global Cancer Statistics?,” Cancer Commun (Lond), vol. 39, no. 1, p. 1-12, 2019. Crossref, http://doi.org/10.1186/s40880-019-0368-6 [12] Martin CS Wong, et al., “Prevalence and Risk Factors of Colorectal Cancer in Asia,” Intestinal Research, vol. 17, no. 3, pp. 317- 329, 2019. Crossref, http://doi.org/10.5217/ir.2019.00021
[13] Rebecca L. Siegel, et al., “Colorectal Cancer Statistics, 2020,” CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians, vol. 70, no. 3, pp. 145-164, 2020. Crossref, http://doi.org/10.3322/caac.21601
[14] Louis Vermeulen, et al., “Defining Stem Cell Dynamics in Models of Intestinal Tumor Initiation,” Science, vol. 342, no. 6161, pp. 995-998. Crossref, http://doi.org/10.1126/science.1243148
[15] E R Fearon, and B Vogelstein, “A Genetic Model for Colorectal Tumorigenesis,” Cell, vol. 61, no. 5, pp. 759-767, 1990. Crossref, http://doi.org/10.1016/0092-8674(90)90186-i
[16] Nathan R West, et al., “Emerging Cytokine Networks in Colorectal Cancer,” Nature Reviews Immunology, vol. 15, no. 10, pp. 615- 29, 2015. Crossref, http://doi.org/10.1038/nri3896
[17] Caitlin A. Brennan, and Wendy S. Garrett, “Gut Microbiota, Inflammation, and Colorectal Cancer,” Annual Review of Microbiology, vol. 70, pp. 395-411, 2016. Crossref, http://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-micro-102215-095513
[18] J Prados, et al., “Colon Cancer Therapy: Recent Developments in Nanomedicine to Improve the Efficacy of Conventional Chemotherapeutic Drugs,” Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry, vol. 13, no. 8, pp. 1204-1216, 2013. Crossref, http://doi.org/10.2174/18715206113139990325.
[19] Che-Ming Jack Hu, Santosh Aryal, and Liangfang Zhang, “Nanoparticle-Assisted Combination Therapies for Effective Cancer Treatment,” Therapeutic Delivery, vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 323-334, 2010. Crossref, http://doi.org/10.4155/tde.10.13
[20] Andrew Z. Wang, Robert Langer, and Omid C. Farokhzad, “Nanoparticle Delivery of Cancer Drugs,” Annual Review of Medicine, vol. 63, pp. 185-198, 2011. Crossref, http://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-med-040210-162544
[21] Giovanni L. Beretta, and Francesca Cavalieri, “Engineering Nanomedicines to Overcome Multidrug Resistance in Cancer Therapy,” Current Medicinal Chemistry, vol. 23, no. 1, pp. 3-22, 2016. Crossref, http://doi.org/10.2174/0929867322666151006094559
[22] Brahmeshwar Mishra, and Sundeep Chaurasia, “Design of Novel Chemotherapeutic Delivery Systems for Colon Cancer Therapy Based on Oral Polymeric Nanoparticles,” Therapeutic Delivery, vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 29-47, 2017. Crossref, http://doi.org/10.4155/tde2016-0058
[23] Treanor D, and Quirke P, “Pathology of Colorectal Cancer,” Clinical Oncology, vol. 19, no. 10, pp. 769-776, 2007. Crossref, http://doi.org/10.1016/j.clon.2007.08.012
[24] Masahiko Tsujii, Sunao Kawano, and Raymond N. DuBois, “Cyclooxygenase-2 Expression in Human Colon Cancer Cells Increases Metastatic Potential,” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, vol. 94, no. 7, pp. 3336-3340, 1997. Crossref, http://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.94.7.3336
[25] Weizhen Jia, et al., “Galectin-3 Accelerates M2 Macrophage Infiltration and Angiogenesis in Tumors,” The American Journal of Pathology, vol. 182, no. 5, pp. 1821-1831, 2013. Crossref, http://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajpath.2013.01.017
[26] Ankita Tiwari, et al., “Exploitable Signaling Pathways for the Treatment of Inflammatory Bowel Disease,” Current Signal Transduction Therapy, vol. 12, no. 2, pp. 76-84, 2017. Crossref, http://doi.org/10.2174/1574362412666170330145342
[27] Arvind Gulbake, et al., “Insight to Drug Delivery Aspects for Colorectal Cancer,” World Journal of Gastroenterol, vol. 22, no. 2, pp. 582-599, 2016. Crossref, http://doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v22.i2.582
[28] Walter E.Rudzinski, et al., “Targeted Delivery of Small Interfering RNA to Colon Cancer Cells Using Chitosan and Pegylated Chitosan Nanoparticles,” Carbohydrate Polymers, vol. 147, pp. 323-332, 2016. Crossref, http://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2016.04.041
[29] Sarbari Acharya, and Sanjeeb K.Sahoo, “PLGA Nanoparticles Containing Various Anticancer Agents and Tumour Delivery by EPR Effect,” Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews, vol. 63, no. 3, pp. 170-83, 2017. Crossref, http://doi.org/10.1016/j.addr.2010.10.008
[30] CristinaLoira-Pastoriza, Julie Todoroff, and Rita Vanbever, “Delivery Strategies for Sustained Drug Release in the Lungs,” Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews, vol. 75, pp. 81-91, 2014. Crossref, http://doi.org/10.1016/j.addr.2014.05.017
[31] Clinical Trials Database: NCT00361842, 2012. [Online]. Available: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00361842
[32] Mukta Paranjpe, and Christel C. Müller-Goymann, “Nanoparticle-Mediated Pulmonary Drug Delivery A Review,” International Journal of Molecular Science, vol. 15, no. 4, pp. 5852-5873, 2014. Crossref, http://doi.org/10.3390/ijms15045852
[33] Xu Wang, et al., “Advances of Cancer Therapy by Nanotechnology,” Cancer Research and Treatment, vol. 41, no. 1, pp. 1-11, 2009. Crossref, http://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2009.41.1.1
[34] Yichao Wang, et al., “Targeted Delivery of 5-Fluorouracil to HT-29 Cells using High Efficient Folic Acid-Conjugated Nanoparticles,” Drug Delivery, vol. 22, no. 2, pp. 191-198, 2015. Crossref, http://doi.org/10.3109/10717544.2013.875603
[35] Puwang Li, et al., “Synthesis and Characterisation of Folate Conjugated Chitosan and Cellular Uptake of its Nanoparticles in HT-29 Cells,” Carbohydrate Research, vol. 346, no. 6, pp. 801-806, 2017. Crossref, http://doi.org/10.1016/j.carres.2011.01.027
[36] Yan Zhang, et al., “Folate-Functionalized Nanoparticles for Controlled 5-Fluorouracil Delivery,” Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, vol. 354, no. 1, pp. 202-209, 2011. Crossref, http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2010.10.054
[37] Anitha A, et al., “Combinatorial Anticancer Effects of Curcumin and 5-Fluorouracil Loaded Thiolated Chitosan Nanoparticles towards Colon Cancer Treatment,” Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - General Subjects, vol. 1840, no. 9, pp. 2730-2743, 2014. Crossref, http://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbagen.2014.06.004.
[38] Wei-Lun, Tang Wei-Hsin, and Tang Shyh-Dar Li, “Cancer Theranostic Applications of Lipid-Based Nanoparticles,” Drug Discovery Today, vol. 23, no. 5, pp. 1159-1166, 2018. Crossref, http://doi.org/10.1016/j.drudis.2018.04.007
[39] Chunhua Yang, and Didier Merlin, “Lipid-Based Drug Delivery Nanoplatforms for Colorectal Cancer Therapy,” Nanomaterials (Basel), vol. 10, no. 7, p. 1424, 2020. Crossref, http://doi.org/10.3390/nano10071424
[40] Christos Tapeinos, Matteo Battaglini, and Gianni Ciofani, “Advances in the Design of Solid Lipid Nanoparticles and Nanostructured Lipid Carriers for Targeting Brain Diseases,” Journal of Controlled Release, vol. 264, pp. 306–332, 2017. Crossref, http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jconrel.2017.08.033
[41] HouLi Li, et al., “Enhancement of Gastro-Intestinal Absorption of Quercetin by Solid Lipid Nanoparticles,” Journal of Controlled Release, vol. 133, no. 3, pp. 238-44, 2009. Crossref, http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jconrel.2008.10.002
[42] Ming-Yin Shen, et al., “Hierarchically Targetable Polysaccharide-Coated Solid Lipid Nanoparticles as an Oral Chemo/Thermotherapy Delivery System for Local Treatment of Colon Cancer,” Biomaterials, vol. 197, pp. 86-100, 2019. Crossref, http://doi.org/10.1016/j.biomaterials.2019.01.019
[43] Phatsapong Yingchoncharoen, Danuta S. Kalinowski, and Des R. Richardson, “Lipid-Based Drug Delivery Systems in Cancer Therapy: What is Available and what is yet to Come,” Pharmacological Reviews, vol. 68, no. 3, pp. 701-787, 2016. Crossref, http://doi.org/10.1124/pr.115.012070
[44] Gerald Batist, et al., “Safety, Pharmacokinetics, and Efficacy of CPX-1 Liposome Injection in Patients with Advanced Solid Tumors,” Clinical Cancer Research, vol. 15, no. 2, pp. 692-700, 2009. Crossref, http://doi.org/10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-08-0515
[45] Larissa Kotelevets, et al., “A Squalene-Based Nanomedicine for Oral Treatment of Colon Cancer,” Cancer Research, vol. 77, no. 11, pp. 2964-2975, 2017. Crossref, http://doi.org/10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-16-1741
[46] Mona M. Saber, et al., “Targeting Colorectal Cancer Cell Metabolism through Development of Cisplatin and Metformin NanoCubosomes,” BMC Cancer, vol. 18, no. 1, p. 822, 2018. Crossref, http://doi.org/10.1186/s12885-018-4727-5
[47] Bhupinder S. Sekhon, and Seema R. Kamboj, “Inorganic Nanomedicine--Part 2,” Nanomedicine, vol. 6, no. 5, pp. 612-618. Crossref, http://doi.org/10.1016/j.nano.2010.04.003
[48] Jie Kai Tee, et al., “Nanoparticles’ Interactions with Vasculature in Diseases,” Chemical Society Reviews, vol. 48, pp. 5381–5407, 2019. Crossref, http://doi.org/10.1039/c9cs00309f
[49] Neus Feliu, et al., “In Vivo Degeneration and the Fate of Inorganic Nanoparticles,” Chemical Society Reviews, vol. 45, pp. 2440– 2457, 2016. Crossref, https://doi.org/10.1039/C5CS00699F
[50] Bartosz Klębowski, et al., “Applications of Noble Metal-Based Nanoparticles in Medicine,” International Journal of Molecular Sciences, vol. 19, no. 12, p. 4031, 2018. Crossref, https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms19124031
[51] Behafarid Ghalandari, et al., “The New Insight into Oral Drug Delivery System Based on Metal Drugs in Colon Cancer Therapy Through Β-Lactoglobulin/Oxali-Palladium Nanocapsules,” Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology, vol. 140, pp. 255-265, 2014. Crossref, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2014.08.003
[52] Mohammad Azharuddin, et al., “A Repertoire of Biomedical Applications of Noble Metal Nanoparticles,” Chemical Communications, vol. 55, pp. 6964–6996, 2015. Crossref, https://doi.org/10.1039/c9cc01741k
[53] Jihye Yoo, et al., “Active Targeting Strategies Using Biological Ligands for Nanoparticle Drug Delivery Systems,” Cancers (Basel), vol. 11, no. 5, p. 640, 2019. Crossref, https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers11050640
[54] Anna Graczyk, et al., “Gold Nanoparticles in Conjunction with Nucleic Acids as a Modern Molecular System for Cellular Delivery,” Molecules, vol. 25, no. 1, p. 204, 2020. Crossref, https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25010204
[55] Muhamad N, Plengsuriyakarn T, and Na-Bangchang K, “Application of Active Targeting Nanoparticle Delivery System for Chemotherapeutic Drugs and Traditional/Herbal Medicines in Cancer Therapy: A Systematic Review,” International Journal of Nanomedicine, vol. 13, pp. 3921-3935, 2018. Crossref, https://doi.org/10.2147/IJN.S165210
[56] Thijs J. Beldman, et al., “Hyaluronan Nanoparticles Selectively Target Plaque-Associated Macrophages and Improve Plaque Stability in Atherosclerosis,” ACS Nano, vol. 11, no. 6, pp. 5785–5799, 2017. Crossref, https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.7b01385
[57] Jiaqi Xu, et al., “Reversing Tumor Stemness via Orally Targeted Nanoparticles Achieves Efficient Colon Cancer Treatment,” Biomaterials, vol. 216, p. 119247, 2019. Crossref, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biomaterials.2019.119247
[58] Desai D, et al., “Targeted Modulation of Cell Differentiation in Distinct Regions of the Gastro-Intestinal Tract via Oral Administration of Differently PEG-PEI Functionalised Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles,” International Journal of Nanomedicine, vol. 11, pp. 299-313, 2016. Crossref, https://doi.org/10.2147/IJN.S94013
[59] Fei Chen, et al., “New Horizons in Tumor Microenvironment Biology: Challenges and Opportunities,” BMC Medicine, vol. 13, p. 45, 2015. Crossref, https://doi.org/10.1186/s12916-015-0278-7
[60] Maonan Wang, et al., “Role of Tumor Microenvironment in Tumorigenesis,” Journal of Cancer, vol. 8, no. 5, pp. 761-773, 2017. Crossref, https://doi.org/10.7150/jca.17648
[61] Johanna A. Joyce, and Jeffrey W. Pollard, “Microenvironmental Regulation of Metastasis,” Nature Reviews Cancer, vol. 9, no. 4, pp. 239-252, 2009. Crossref, https://doi.org/10.1038/nrc2618
[62] Douglas Hanahan, and Robert A. Weinberg, “Hallmarks of Cancer: the Next Generation,” Cell, vol. 144, no. 5, pp. 646-674, 2011. Crossref, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2011.02.013
[63] Rob A. Cairns, Isaac S. Harris, and Tak W. Mak, “Regulation of Cancer Cell Metabolism,” Nature Reviews Cancer, vol. 11, no. 2, pp. 85-95, 2011. Crossref, https://doi.org/10.1038/nrc2981
[64] Jing Yu, Xin Chua, and Yanglong Hou, “Stimuli-Responsive Cancer Therapy Based on Nanoparticles,” Chemical Communication, vol. 50, pp. 11614–11630, 2014. Crossref, https://doi.org/10.1039/c4cc03984j
[65] Jinzhi Du, Lucas A.Lanea, and Shuming Nie, “Stimuli-Responsive Nanoparticles for Targeting the Tumor Microenvironment,” Journal of Controlled Release, vol. 219, pp. 205-214, 2015. Crossref, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jconrel.2015.08.050
[66] Xiaonan An, et al., “Rational Design of Multi-Stimuli-Responsive Nanoparticles for Precise Cancer Therapy,” ACS Nano, vol. 10, no. 6, pp. 5947–5958, 2016. Crossref, https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.6b01296
[67] Taegyu Kang, et al., “Surface Design of Magnetic Nanoparticles for Stimuli-Responsive Cancer Imaging and Therapy,” Biomaterials, vol. 136, pp. 98-114, 2017 Crossref, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biomaterials.2017.05.013
[68] Ting Wu, and Yun Dai, “Tumor Microenvironment and Therapeutic Response,” Cancer Letters, vol. 387, pp. 61-68, 2017. Crossref, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.canlet.2016.01.043
[69] Rob A. Cairns, Isaac S. Harris, and Tak W. Mak, “Regulation of Cancer Cell Metabolism,” Nature Reviews Cancer, vol. 11, no. 2, pp. 85-95, 2011. Crossref, https://doi.org/10.1038/nrc2981
[70] Long Binh Vong, et al., “Development of an Oral Nanotherapeutics using Redox Nanoparticles for Treatment of Colitis-Associated Colon Cancer,” Biomaterials, vol. 55, pp. 54-63, 2015. Crossref, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biomaterials.2015.03.037
[71] Long Binh Vong, Shinya Kimura, and Yukio Nagasaki, “Newly Designed Silica-Containing Redox Nanoparticles for Oral Delivery of Novel TOP2 Catalytic Inhibitor for Treating Colon Cancer,” Advanced Healthcare Materials, vol. 6, no. 20, 2017. Crossref, https://doi.org/10.1002/adhm.201700428
[72] Manuel Arruebo, Mónica Valladares, and África González-Fernández, “Antibodyconjugated Nanoparticles for Biomedical Applications,” Journal of Nanomaterials, vol. 2009, pp. 1–24, 2009. Crossref, https://doi.org/10.1155/2009/439389
[73] De-Hong Yu, et al., “Peptide-Conjugated Biodegradable Nanoparticles as a Carrier to Target Paclitaxel to Tumor Neovasculature,” Biomaterials, vol. 31, no. 8, pp. 2278-2292, 2010. Crossref, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biomaterials.2009.11.047
[74] Nora Graf, et al., “α(V)β(3) Integrin-Targeted PLGA-PEG Nanoparticles for Enhanced Anti-Tumor Efficacy of a Pt(IV) Prodrug,” ACS Nano, vol. 6, no. 5, pp. 4530-4539. Crossref, https://doi.org/10.1021/nn301148e
[75] Willem JM Mulder, et al., “Magnetic and Fluorescent Nanoparticles for Multimodality Imaging,” Nanomedicine (Lond), vol. 2, no. 3, pp. 307-324, 2007. Crossref, https://doi.org/10.2217/17435889.2.3.307
[76] Ralph Weissleder, et al., “In Vivo Imaging of Tumors with Protease-Activated Near-Infrared Fluorescent Probes,” Nature Biotechnology, vol. 17, no. 4, pp. 375-378, 1999. Crossref, https://doi.org/10.1038/7933
[77] Xiuxia He, et al., “Lectin-Conjugated Fe2O3@Au Core@Shell Nanoparticles as Dual Mode Contrast Agents for in Vivo Detection of Tumor,” Molecular Pharmaceutics, vol. 11, no. 3, pp. 738-745, 2014. Crossref, https://doi.org/10.1021/mp400456j
[78] Daniel R. Larson, et al., “Water-Soluble Quantum Dots for Multiphoton Fluorescence Imaging in Vivo,” Science, vol. 300, no. 5624, pp. 1434-1436, 2003. Crossref, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1083780
[79] Elias Gounaris, et al., “Fluorescence Endoscopy of Cathepsin Activity Discriminates Dysplasia from Colitis,” Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, vol. 19, no. 7, pp. 1339-1345, 2013. Crossref, https://doi.org/10.1097/MIB.0b013e318281f3f8
[80] Shu-Jyuan Yang, et al., “Folic Acid-Conjugated Chitosan Nanoparticles Enhanced Protoporphyrin IX Accumulation in Colorectal Cancer Cells,” Bioconjugate Chemistry, vol. 21, no. 4, pp. 679-689, 2010. Crossref, https://doi.org/10.1021/bc9004798

Epidemiology of Neonatal Hyperbilirubinemia in Niamey: about 146 Cases Collected at Issaka Gazobi Maternity Hospital

	International Journal of Biotech Trends and Technology (IJBTT)
	© 2018 by IJBTT Journal
	Volume - 8 Issue - 2
	Year of Publication : 2018
	Authors : Mounkaila B, Oumarou Z, Farya Toukoua O, Hassane M
	DOI :  10.14445/22490183/IJBTT-V8I2P603

Citation

Mounkaila B, Oumarou Z, Farya Toukoua O, Hassane M "Epidemiology of Neonatal Hyperbilirubinemia in Niamey: about 146 Cases Collected at Issaka Gazobi Maternity Hospital", International Journal of Biotech Trends and Technology (IJBTT), V8(2): 13-17 April - June 2018, Published by Seventh Sense Research Group.

Abstract

Neonatal hyperbilirubinemia is a major morbidity and mortality factor, especially in a context of early exit of newborns. This study is aimed at determining the frequency of this pathology and characterizing its epidemiological aspects in the Neonatology Department at Issaka Gazobi Maternity Hospital in Niamey. This is a descriptive and cross-sectional monocentric study, expanding over 5 months in the Neonatology Department. It involved newborns with local or generalized jaundice and hospitalized in the Neonatal Department. The frequency of neonatal jaundice was 19.5%, with a gender ratio of 1.92. On average, mothers were aged 26.4 ± 4.2 years and almost half (46.4%) of them were under 25 years old. 64.3% were term births against 35.7% of preterm births. This was due to prophylactic caesarean section (32.3%), premature membrane rupture (17.7%), fetal suffering and severe pre-eclampsia 11.8% respectively. Etiologies of these jaundices were dominated by infections (39%), neonatal malaria (17.1%) and fetal-maternal incompatibility in the ABO/Rh system (15.7%). Development was good in 69.65% of cases against 10.7% of deaths. Infections, neonatal malaria and maternal-fetal incompatibility are the main etiologies of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia in Niamey. Mortality rate related to this pathology is very high.

References

[1] Watchko JF. Identification of neonates at risk for hazardous hyperbilirubinemia: emerging clinical insights. Pediatric Clinics of North America. 2009; 56, 671–687.
[2] Watchko JF. Hyperbilirubinemia and bilirubin toxicity in the late preterm infant. Clinics in Perinatology 2006; 33: 839-52;
[3] Hameed NN, Na?Ma AM, Vilms R and Bhutani VK. Severe neonatal hyperbilirubinemia and adverse short-term consequences in Baghdad, Iraq. Neonatology 2011; 100:57-63
[4] Olusanya BO, Akande A, Emokpae A and Olowe SA. Infants with severe neonatal jaundice in Lagos, Nigeria: incidence, correlates and hearing screening outcomes. Tropical Medicine and International Health. 2009; (14):301-10
[5] Phyllis A Dennery, DanieL S. Seidman, and David K. Stevenson. Neonatal hyperbilirubinemia. New England Journal of Medecine 2001;344(8)
[6] Scrafford CG, Mullany LC, Katz J, Khatry SK, LeClerq SC, Darmstadt GL and Tielsch JM. Incidence of and risk factors for neonatal jaundice among newborns in southern Nepal. Tropical Medicine and International Health, 2013;18(11): 1317-28
[7] Mutombo AK, Mukuku O, Kabulo BK, Mutombo AM, Ngeleka AM, Mutombo JD et al Ictères pathologiques du nouveau né à l?hôpital Bonzola de Mbuji-Mayi, République Démocratique du Congo. Pan African Medical Journal. 2014;19:302
[8] Rasul CH, Hasan A, Yasmin F. Outcome of Neonatal Hyperbilirubinemia in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Bangladesh. Malaysian Journal of Medical Sciences. 2010; 17(2): 40-44.
[9] Sarici SU, Serdar MA, Korkmaz A et al. Incidence, course, and prediction of hyperbilirubinemia in near-term and term newborns. Pediatrics. 2004; 113: 775–780.
[10] Tioseco JA, Aly H, Milner J, Patel K, El-Mohandes AA. Does gender affect neonatal hyperbilirubinemia in low-birth-weight infants? Pediatric Critical Care Medicine 2005; 6:171-4
[11] Alkhotani A, Eldin EEMN, Zaghloul A, Mujahid S. Evaluation of neonatal jaundice in the Makkah region. Scientific Reports. 2014; 4: 4802
[12] Esfandiarpour B, Ebrahimi H, Karkan MF, Farahmand N, Karambin MM. Neonatal exchange transfusion for hyperbilirubinemia in Guilan (the north province of Iran): a 3-year experience. Turkish Journal of Pediatrics. 2012; 54 (6): 626-631
[13] Kaplan M, Rubaltelli FF, Hammerman C, Vilei MT, Leiter C, Abramov A et al. Conjugated bilirubin in neonates with glucose -6-phosphate deshydrogenase deficiency. The Journal of Pediatrics. 1996, 128 (5):695-7
[14] Singh K, Singh P, Sagar M, Mehra V,Neki NS. Incidence, etiological risk factors and outcome of glucose-6 phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency (G6PD) among neonates presenting with hyperbilirubinemia in tertiary care hospital, Punjab. International Journal of Current Research in Medical Sciences. 2017; 3(3):62-71.
[15] Sinha R, Sachendra B, Syed VS, Nair L, John BM. To study the prevalence of glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase(G6PD) deficiency in neonates with neonatal hyperbilirubinemia and to compare the course of the neonatal jaundice in deficient versus non deficient neonates. Journal of Clinical Neonatology. 2017; 6: 71-4
[16] Daouda A, Mounkaila B, Maïguizo S, Moumouni Sina A, Sanogo I. G6PD deficiency: Study among 256 blood donors recruited at the blood transfusion center in Niamey. International Journal of Biotech Trends and Technology (IJBTT). 2016;16(1): 1-4
[17] Mounkaila B, Daouda A, Garba RM, Aridouane D. Neonatal glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency in Niamey. International Journal of Biotech Trends and Technology (IJBTT). 2016; 13(1): 12-14
[18] Surana AU, Patel S, Prasad R, Tilwani S, Saiyad A, Rathod M. Comparison of transcutaneous bilirubin with serum bilirubin measurements in neonates at tertiary care center in western part of india. International Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics. 2017; 4:1445-9.
[19] Isa HM, Mohamed MS, Mohamed AM, Abdulla A, Abdulla F. Neonatal indirect hyperbilirubinemia and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency. Korean Journal of Pediatrics. 2017; 60(4):106-11
[20] Aletayeb H, Mohammad S, Masoud D, Aramesh Reza M, Arash Malakian; Hedayati Zeinab; Taheri Mehri. Outcome of Jaundice in neonates with ABO and Rh blood incompatibility and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency. Biomedical Research. 2017; 28(8):3440-44.

Keywords
Hyperbilirubinemia, Neonates, Jaundice, Niamey.

Comparative study of various pre-treatment techniques for saccharifications of water hyacinth (eichhornia crassipes) cellulose

	International Journal of Biotech Trends and Technology (IJBTT)
	© 2015 by IJBTT Journal
	Volume-12
	Year of Publication : 2015
	Authors : Biswanath Biswas, Ajit Kumar Banik, Asit Baran Biswas

Citation

Biswanath Biswas, Ajit Kumar Banik, Asit Baran Biswas "Comparative study of various pre-treatment techniques for saccharifications of water hyacinth (eichhornia crassipes) cellulose", International Journal of Biotech Trends and Technology (IJBTT),V12:11-16 September-October 2015. Published by Seventh Sense Research Group.

Abstract

Alkali, acid and hydrogen peroxide pretreatments were compared for their effect on lignin removal from water hyacinth, among them alkali pretreatment gave good results as compared to others. The highest sugar content in alkali pretreated samples was observed in water hyacinth treated with 5% NaOH solution at 20 psi pressure for 20 minute is 97.50%. Whereas the acid pretreatment had less effect on conversion of lignocellulose in water hyacinth to sugar is 80.6% at the same pressure and time. For hydrogen peroxide pretreatment it is around 67.00%. In this study, we have demonstrated the suitability of physical pretreatment under high pressure and temperature for production of fermentable sugar. Morphology inspection had also provided evidences of structure disruption that led to higher sugar recovery from water hyacinth in alkali pretreatment process than acid and hydrogen peroxide pretreatment process under the same conditions.

References

[1] M. N. Eshtiaghi, N. Yoswathana, J.Kuldiloke and A. G. Ebadi, African journal of Biotechnology, 2012, 11(21), 4921-4928.
[2] Craft, C. P., Megonigal, S., Broome, J., Stevenson, R., Freese, J., Cornell, L., Zheng, S., Sacco, J., 2003, 13, 1417–1432.
[3] Abdel-Fattah, A.F., Abdel-Naby, M.A., Carbohydr. Polym., 2003, 87, 2109–2113.
[4] Anita Singh, Narsi R. Bishnoi, Industrial Crops and Products, 2012, 44(2013)283-289.
[5] Miller, G.M., Anal. Chem. 1959, 31, 426–428.
[6] Goering, H.K., Van soest P.J., Forage fiber analysis (apparatus, reagent, procedures and some applications). Agricultural Hand Book No. 379. Agriculture Research Service-United States Department of Agricultural, USDA, Washington, DC, 1970, 1–20.
[7] Hon, D.N.S., Shiraishi, N., Wood and Cellulosic Chemistry, 2nd ed. Dekker, NewYork, 2001.
[8] Liu, L., Sun, J.S., Li, M., Wang, S.H., Pei, H.S., Zhang, J.S., Bioresour Technol, 2009,100, 5853–5858.
[9] Singh, A., Singh, N., Bishnoi, N.R, J. Sci. Ind. Res., 2009, 69, 232–237.
[10] Ganguly, A., chatterjee, P. K. Dey, A., Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev.16, 2012, 966-972.
[11] Biond, P., Kuttiraja, M., Archana, M., Janu, K.U., Sindhu, R., Sukumaran, R.K., Pandey,A., Fuel 2012, 92, 340–345.
[12] Balat, M., Balat, H., Oz, C., ,Prog. Energ.Combust. 34, 2008, 551–573.
[13] Ma, F., Yang, N., Xu, C., Yu, J., Zhang, X., Bioresour. Technol. 2010, 101, 9600–9604.
[14] M.Y. Harun, A. B. Dayang Radiah, Z.Zainal Abidin, R. Yunus, Bioresour. Technol., 2011, 102 (8) 5193-5199.

Keywords
Physical pretreatment, Water hyacinth, Reducing sugar, Morphology.

	International Journal of Biotech Trends and Technology  (IJBTT)
	© 2022 by IJBTT Journal
	Volume - 12 Issue - 3
	Year of Publication : 2022
	Authors : Jaiswal Kailash, Gothalwal Ragini, Yadav AS
	DOI :   10.14445/22490183/IJBTT-V12I3P603

How to Cite?

Jaiswal Kailash, Gothalwal Ragini, Yadav AS "Microcystin-LR Exhibit Cytotoxicity in Myeloma Sp2/01 Cancer Cell Line and Emerging as a Potential Anticancer Therapeutics" International Journal of Biotech Trends and Technology  vol. 12, no. 3, pp. 18-30, 2022. Crossref, https://doi.org/10.14445/22490183/IJBTT-V12I3P603 

Abstract

Microcystis aeruginosa, widely distributed, produce the bioactive compound microcystin toxin, which induces liver cancer and poses many severe threats to human health. Microcystis aeruginosa produces secondary metabolites with broad pharmaceutical importance and biological activities in anticancer, antibacterial, antiviral and protease inhibition activities. New drug discovery is complicated, expensive, time-consuming and challenging for human life when treating disease, the new cutting-edge technology and the rapid growth of advanced computing bioinformatics tools for new drug identification and characterization, including anticancer therapies. In this work, the Microcystis aeruginosa strain was isolated from different regions of central India; the strain identification was based on morphological properties and mcyA, mcyB gene sequence analysis. The Cytotoxicity assayed against the myeloma Sp2/01 cancer cell line, 50 µl of Microcystin-LR (MC-LR) at 48 h; a marked cytotoxic effect was only detected after exposure to the highest toxin concentration (200 µl), and the MC-LR showed strong inhibition with an IC50 value of 29-39 μl. According to the findings, the MC-LR is a promising potential therapeutic anticancer compound, providing new leads for the characterization and development of a novel anticancer drug.

Keywords

Anticancer, Microcystis aeruginosa, Cyanotheraputics, Hepatic cancer, Therapeutics, Genetic diversity.

References

[1] Hyuna Sung et al., "Cancer Statistics: GLOBOCAN Estimates of Incidence and Mortality Worldwide for 36 Cancers in 185 Countries," (C.A.) Cancer Journal for Clinicians, vol. 68, no. 6, pp. 394-424, 2018. Crossref, https://doi.org/10.3322/caac.21492
[2] Chun Pan et al., "Chronic Exposure to Microcystin-LR Increases the Risk of Prostate Cancer and Induces Malignant Transformation of Human Prostate Epithelial Cells," Chemosphere, p. 263, 2021. Crossref, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128295
[3] Liang Chen et al., "Challenges of Using Blooms of Microcystis spp. in Animal Feeds: A Comprehensive Review of Nutritional, Toxicological and Microbial Health Evaluation," Science of the Total Environment, vol. 764, 2021. Crossref, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142319
[4] Apurva Lad et al., "Antioxidant Therapy Significantly Attenuates Hepatotoxicity following Low Dose Exposure to Microcystin-LR in a Murine Model of Diet-Induced Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease," Antioxidants, vol. 11, no. 8, p. 1625, 2022. Crossref, https://doi.org/10.3390%2Fantiox11081625
[5] Linjia Shi et al., "Update on the Adverse Effects of Microcystins on the Liver," Environmental Research, vol. 195, p. 110890, 2021. Crossref, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2021.110890
[6] Rajesh Melaram, Amanda R. Newton, and Jennifer Chafin, “Microcystin Contamination and Toxicity: Implications for Agriculture and Public Health,” Toxins(Basel), vol. 14, no. 5, p. 350, 2022. Crossref, https://doi.org/10.3390%2Ftoxins14050350
[7] Hans W. Parel, Timothy G. Otten, and Raphael Kudela, "Mitigating the Expansion of Harmful Algal Blooms Across the Freshwaterto-Marine Continuum," Environmental Science & Technology, vol. 52, no. 10, pp. 5519–5529, 2018. Crossref, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.7b05950
[8] Osmindo Rodrigues Pires Júnior et al., “Histopathological Evaluation of the Exposure by Cyanobacteria Cultive Containing [D-Leu1] Microcystin-LR on Lithobates catesbeianus Tadpoles,” Toxins(Basel), vol. 10, no. 8, p. 318, 2018. Crossref, https://doi.org/10.3390%2Ftoxins10080318
[9] Lixiong He et al., "Chronic Microcystin-LR Exposure Induces Hepatocarcinogenesis via Increased Gankyrin in Vitro and in Vivo," Cellular Physiology and Biochemistry, vol. 49, no. 4, pp. 1420-1430, 2018. Crossref, https://doi.org/10.1159/000493446
[10] Jieming Li, Renhui Li, and Ji Li, "Current research Scenario for Microcystins Biodegradation - A Review on Fundamental Knowledge, Application Prospects and Challenges," Science Total Environment, pp. 615-632, 2017. Crossref, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.03.285
[11] Mattew J. Harke, "A Review of the Global Ecology, Genomics and Biogeography of the Toxic Cyanobacterium, Microcystis spp," Harmful Algae, vol. 54, pp. 4–20, 2016. Crossref, doi: 10.1016/j.hal.2015.12.007.
[12] J. Machado et al., "Effects of Microcystin-LR and Cylindrospermopsin on Plant-Soil Systems: A Review of their Relevance for Agricultural Plant Quality and Public Health," Environmental Research, vol. 153, pp. 191-204, 2017. Crossref, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2016.09.015
[13] Alexandre Campos and Vitor Vasconcelos, "Molecular mechanisms of microcystin toxicity in animal cells," International Journal of Molecular Science, vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 268–287, 2010. Crossref, https://doi.org/10.3390%2Fijms11010268
[14] Chao Jin et al., "Quantification of Cyanobacterial Cells via a Novel Imaging-Driven Technique with an Integrated Fluorescence Signature," Scientific Reports, vol. 8, no. 1, 2018. Crossref, https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-018-27406-0
[15] WHO. Health Criteria and other Supporting Information, In: Guidelines for Drinking water Quality, Addendum, 2nd ed. World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland, 1998.
[16] D. Schatz et al., "Ecological Implications of the Emergence of Nontoxic Subcultures from Toxic Microcystis Strains," Environmental Microbiology, vol. 7, no. 6, pp. 798–805, 2005. Crossref, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1462-2920.2005.00752.x
[17] Da Huo et al., "Characterization of Microcystis (Cyanobacteria) Genotypes Based on the Internal Transcribed Spacer Region of rRNA by Next-Generation Sequencing," Frontiers in Microbiology, vol. 9, pp. 1-10, 2018. Crossref, https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2018.00971
[18] Jiangqi Qu et al., “Determination of the Role of Microcystis aeruginosa in Toxin Generation Based on Phosphoproteomic Profiles,” Toxins(Basel), vol. 10, no. 7, pp. 1-14. 2018. Crossref, https://doi.org/10.3390%2Ftoxins10070304
[19] Yu Sun et al., "Microcystin-LR Induces Protein Phosphatase 2A Alteration in a Human Liver Cell Line," Environment Toxicology, vol. 29, no. 11, pp. 1236-1244, 2014. Crossref, https://doi.org/10.1002/tox.21854
[20] Ashutos Kumar Raj, Rupesh Chaturvediand Ashok Kumar, "Proteomic Evidences for Microcystin-RR-Induced Toxicological Alterations in Mice Liver," Scientific Reports, vol. 8, no. 1, 2018. Crossref, https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-018-19299-w
[21] Ivanka Teneva et al., "Influence of Captopril on the Cellular Uptake and Toxic Potential of Microcystin-LR in Non-hepatic Adhesive Cell Lines," Toxicon, vol. 111, no. pp. 50-57, 2016. Crossref, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.toxicon.2015.12.006
[22] Tsuyoshi Ikehara et al., "Different Responses of Primary Normal Human Hepatocytes and Human Hepatoma Cells toward Cyanobacterial Hepatotoxin Microcystin-LR," Toxicon, vol. 105, pp. 4-9, 2015. Crossref, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.toxicon.2015.08.025
[23] Giliane Zanchett and Eduardo C. Oliveira-Filho, “Cyanobacteria and Cyanotoxins: From Impacts on Aquatic Ecosystems and Human Health to Anticarcinogenic Effects,” Toxins(Basel), vol. 5, no. 10, pp. 1896-1917, 2013. Crossref, https://doi.org/10.3390%2Ftoxins5101896
[24] Irma E. Soria-Mercado et al., "Alotamide A, a Novel Neuropharmacological Agent from the Marine Cyanobacterium Lyngbya Bouillonii," Organic Letter, vol. 11, no. 20, pp. 4704-4707, 2009. Crossref, https://doi.org/10.1021%2Fol901438b
[25] Bushra Uzair et al., "Exploring Marine Cyanobacteria for Lead Compounds of Pharmaceutical Importance," The Scientific World Journal, 2012. Crossref, https://doi.org/10.1100/2012/179782
[26] Geoffrey A. Codd et al., "CYANONET: A Global Network for Cyanobacterial Bloom and Toxin Risk Management Initial Situation Assessment and Recommendations," IHP-VI Technical Document in Hydrology UNESCO Working Series SC-2005/WS/55, 2005.
[27] Mukhopadhyay S, Naskar N, Int. J. Innov. Res. and Rev. 3(2015)107–113.
[28] Shweta Yadav et al., "Antimicrobial activity of some cyanobacteria," International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, vol. 4, pp. 1–5, 2012.
[29] Sulekha Yadav et al., "Potential of Cyanobacteria Collected from Central India Against Human Pathogenic Bacteria in Vitro," International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, pp. 4047-4052, 2015. Crossref, https://doi.org/10.13040/IJPSR.0975- 8232.6(9).4047-52
[30] Rosmarie Rippka, “Isolation and Purification of Cyanobacteria,” Methods in Enzymology, vol. 167, pp. 3-27, 1988. Crossref, https://doi.org/10.1016/0076-6879(88)67004-2
[31] Lalita N. Sangolkar et al., "Isolation and Characterization of Microcystin Producing Microcystis from a Central Indian water Bloom, Harmful Algae. vol. 8, no. 5, pp. 674–684, 2009. Crossref, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hal.2008.12.003
[32] Agrawal Manish K., "Occurrence of Microcystins Containing Toxic Water Blooms in Central India," Journal of Microbiology Biotechnology, vol. 16, no. 2, pp. 212-218, 2006.
[33] Desikachary. T.V, In. Premnath (Eds.) Cyanophyta, Indian Council of Agriculture Research, New Delhi India, vol. 3, pp. 1-302, 1959.
[34] Olga M. Pérez-Carrascal et al., "Coherence of Microcystis Species Revealed through Population Genomics," International Society for Microbial Ecology Journal, vol. 13, no. 12, pp. 2887-2900, 2019. Crossref, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41396-019-0481-1
[35] Daming Li et al., "The Dynamics of Toxic and Nontoxic Microcystis During Bloom in the Large Shallow Lake, Lake Taihu, China," Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, vol. 186, no. 5, pp. 3053–3062, 2014. Crossref, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-013-3600- x
[36] Yanyan Zhao, Liqiang Xie and Yunjun Yan, "Microcystin-LR impairs Zebrafish Reproduction by Affecting Oogenesis and Endocrine System," Chemosphere, vol. 120, pp. 115-122, 2015. Crossref, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.06.028
[37] Kate A. Schofield et al., "Biota Connect Aquatic Habitats Throughout Freshwater Ecosystem Mosaics," Journal of The American Water Resources Association, vol. 54, no. 2, pp. 372-399, 2018. PMID: 31296983; PMCID: PMC6621606, Crossref, https://doi.org/10.1111/1752-1688.12634
[38] Ankita Srivastava et al., "Dynamics of Microcystin Production and Quantification of Potentially Toxigenic Microcystis sp. using Real-Time PCR," Water Research, vol. 46, no. 3, pp. 817-827, 2012. Crossref, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2011.11.056
[39] Wei Zhu et al., "High Nutrient Concentration and Temperature Alleviated Formation of Large Colonies of Microcystis: Evidence from Field Investigations and Laboratory Experiments," Water Research, vol. 101, no. 15, pp. 167–175, 2016. Crossref, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2016.05.080
[40] Shweta Singh et al., "Temporal Variations in Microcystin-Producing Cells and Microcystin Concentrations in Two Fresh Water Ponds," Water Research, vol. 69, pp. 131- 142, 2015. Crossref, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2014.11.015
[41] Ankita Srivastava et al., "Dynamics of Microcystin Production and Quantification of Potentially Toxigenic Microcystis sp. using Real-Time PCR," Water Research, vol. 46, no. 3, pp. 817-827, 2012. Crossref, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2011.11.056
[42] Heidi Pekar et al., "Fast, Rugged and Sensitive Ultra High Pressure Liquid Chromaotgrpahy Tandem Mass Spectrometry Method for Analysis of Cyanotoxins in Raw Water and Drinking Water-First Findings of Anatoxins, Cylindrospermopsins and Microcystin Variants in Swedish Source Waters and Infiltration Ponds," Journal of Chromatography, vol. 1429, pp. 265–276, 2016. Crossref, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2015.12.049
[43] Sevasti-Kiriaki Zervou et al., “New SPE-LC-MS/MS Method for Simultaneous Determination of Multi-Class Cyanobacterial and Algal Toxins,” Journal of Hazardous Material, vol. 321, pp. 56–66, 2017. Crossref, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2016.07.020
[44] Y Ueno et al., "Survey of Microcystins in Environmental Water by a Highly Sensitive Immunoassay Based on Monoclonal Antibody," Natural Toxins, vol. 4, no. 6, pp. 271–276, 1996. Crossref, https://doi.org/10.1002/(sici)(1996)4:6%3C271::aid-nt4%3E3.0.co;2-a
[45] Satoshi Nagata et al., "Enzyme Immunoassay for Direct Determination of Microcystins in Environmental Water," Journal of AOAC International, vol. 80, no. 2, pp. 408–417, 1997. Crossref, https://doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/80.2.408
[46] Supantha Paul et al., "Weakening of Indian Summer Monsoon Rainfall due to Changes in Land Use Land Cover," Scientific Reports, vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 1-10, 2016. Crossref, https://doi.org/10.1038/srep32177
[47] Brett Greer et al., "Detection of Freshwater Cyanotoxins and Measurement of Masked Microcystins in Tilapia from Southeast Asian Aquaculture Farms," Analytical Bioanalytical Chemistry, vol. 409, no. 16, pp. 4057–4069, 2017. Crossref, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-017-0352-4
[48] Breet A. Neilan et al., "Nonribosomal Peptide Synthesis and Toxigenicity of Cyanobacteria," Journal of Bacteriology, vol. 181, no. 13, pp. 4089–4097, 1999. Crossref, https://doi.org/10.1128%2Fjb.181.13.4089-4097.1999
[49] Michael Hisbergues et al., "PCR-based Identification of Microcystin-Producing Genotypes of Different Cyanobacterial Genera," Archives of Microbiology, vol. 180, no. 6, pp. 402–410, 2003. Crossref, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00203-003-0605-9
[50] https://patentimages.storage.googleapis.com/65/51/3a/a17446fe056e1a/WO2013068654A1.pdf
[51] Nagendra Singh Chauhan et al., “Curculigo Orchioides: The Black Gold with Numerous Health Benefits,” Journal of Chinese Integrative Medicine, vol. 8, no. 7, pp. 613-623, 2010. Crossref, https://doi.org/10.3736/jcim20100703
[52] Christopher O. Miles et al., "Identification of Microcystins in a Lake Victoria Cyanobacterial Bloom using L.C.–M.S. with Thiol Derivatization", Toxicon, vol. 70, pp. 21-31, 2013. Crossref, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.toxicon.2013.03.016
[53] T. Mosmann, "Rapid Colorimetric Assay for Cellular Growth and Survival: Application to Proliferation and Cytotoxicity Assays," Journal of Immunological Methods, vol. 65, pp. 55 – 63, 1983. Crossref, https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1759(83)90303-4
[54] Rainer Kurmayer, and Thomas Kutzenberger," Application of Real-Time PCR for Quantification of Microcystin Genotypes in a Population of the Toxic Cyanobacterium Microcystis sp," Applied Environmental Microbiology, vol. 69, no. 11, pp. 6723–6730, 2003. Crossref, https://doi.org/10.1128/aem.69.11.6723-6730.2003
[55] Qin Chen et al., "Emergence of Nontoxic Mutants as Revealed by Single Filament Analysis in Bloom-Forming Cyanobacteria of the Genus Planktothrix," BMC Microbiology, vol. 16, no. 1, 2016. Crossref, https://bmcmicrobiol.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12866-016-0639-1
[56] David I. Weller, "Detection, Identification and Toxigenicity of Cyanobacteria in New Zealand Lakes Using PCR-Based Methods," New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research, vol. 45, no. 4, pp. 651-664, 2011. Crossref, http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00288330.2011.570769
[57] Devendra Kumar et al., "Similarity Analysis of Spirulina/Arthrospira Strains on the Basis of Phycocyanin Operon Locus (cpcB-IGScpcA) and 16S rRNA Gene Sequences," Indian Journal of Biotechnology, vol. 16, pp. 84-90, 2017.
[58] Luciane Maria et al., “Production of Biomass and Nutraceutical Compounds by Spirulina Platensis Under Different Temperature and Nitrogen Regimes,” Bioresource Technology, vol. 98, no. 7, pp. 1489-1493, 2007. Crossref, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2005.09.030
[59] Prashant Singh et al., "Molecular Phylogeny, Population Genetics and Evolution of Heterocystous Cyanobacterial using nifH Gene Sequences," Protoplasma, vol. 250, no. 3, pp. 751-764, 2013. Crossref, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00709-012-0460-0
[60] Stockert, J.C, Blázquez-Castro, A, Cañete, M. Villanueva, A, "MTT Assay for Cell Viability: Intracellular Localization of the Formazan Product is in Lipid Droplets," Acta Histochemica, vol. 114, no.8, pp. 785−96, 2012.
[61] Daniel Gutiérrez-Praena et al., "Cytotoxic and Morphological Effects of Microcystin-LR, Cylindrospermopsin, and their Combinations on the Human Hepatic Cell Line HepG2," Environmental Toxicology, vol. 34, no. 3, pp. 240-251, 2019. Crossref, https://doi.org/10.1002/tox.22679
[62] Johan Van Meerloo, Gertjan J L Kaspers, and Jacqueline Cloos, "Cell Sensitivity Assays: The MTT Assay," Methods in Molecular Biology, vol. 731, pp. 237–245, 2011. Crossref, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-61779-080-5_20
[63] Michihiko Nakagawa, Yoshichika Taicaniura, and Osami Yagi, "Isolation and Characterization of the Slime from a Cyanobacterium Microcystisaeruginosa K-3A," Agricultural and Biological Chemistry, vol. 51, no. 2, pp. 329-337, 1987. Crossref, https://doi.org/10.1080/00021369.1987.10868065
[64] Abhishek Chauhan et al., "In Vitro Antibacterial Evaluation of Anabaena sp. against Several Clinically Significant Microflora and HPTLC Analysis of its Active Crude Extracts," Indian Journal of Pharmacology, vol. 42, no. 2, 105-107, 2010. Crossref, https://doi.org/10.4103/0253-7613.64490

IJBTT - Volume 8 - Issue 2 - 2018

IJBTT - Volume 5 - Issue 3 - 2015

	International Journal of Biotech Trends and Technology  (IJBTT)
	© 2023 by IJBTT Journal
	Volume - 13 Issue - 1
	Year of Publication : 2023
	Authors : ABM Sharif Hossain
	DOI :   10.14445/22490183/IJBTT-V13I1P601

How to Cite?

ABM Sharif Hossain "Reducing Sugar Estimation and Bioethanol Production from Banana, Pineapple and Mango Fruit Wastes," International Journal of Biotech Trends and Technology  vol. 13, no. 1, pp. 1-6, 2023. Crossref, https://doi.org/10.14445/22490183/IJBTT-V13I1P601 

Abstract

The exploration of biomass fuels encourages the reduction of world atmosphere pollution and global warming. In addition, the depletion of non-renewable energy sources such as fossil fuels induces the developing technologies to harness new and renewable energy sources. Abundant fruit waste can be reused in bioethanol production. Hence, it can reduce pollution and waste material, thus helping manage waste disposal. This study was carried out to evaluate the feasibility of using different fruit wastes (mango, banana and pineapple) to generate bioethanol through fermentation bioprocess using yeast. The highest production of bioethanol yield was found in mango waste than in pineapple and banana at the concentration of 3 g/l yeast at the temperature of 30°C. The bioethanol production increased and then decreased with the increasing fermentation time until five days of incubation. Reducing sugar content ( glucose) total soluble solid (TSS) and pH values reduced after fermentation in the case of all fruit wastes. The viscosity and acid values of the bioethanol produced were within ASTM (American Society for Testing and Materials) standard specifications. Thus it can be concluded that bioethanol potentially be used as of good quality as an antiseptic and biofuel.

Keywords

Bioethanol, Fruit waste, Viscosity, Renewable energy.

References

[1] Ahmeh JB, Okagbue RN, Ahmadm AA, Ikediobi CO, “Ethanol production form Corn-corb wastes and Grass-strawm” Nigerian Journal of Biotechnology vol. 6, pp. 110-112, 1988. [CrossRef][Publisher link][Google Scholar]

[2] BC Akin-Osanaiye, HC Nzelibe, and AS Agbaji, “Production of Ethanol from Carica Papaya (Pawpaw) Agro Waste: Effect of Saccharification and Different Treatments on Ethanol Yield,” African Journal of Biotechnology, vol. 4, no. 7, pp. 657- 659, 2005. [CrossRef] [Publisher link] [Google Scholar]

[3] Kouakou Alain, Agbo N'zi Georges, and Yeboua Aka, “Ethanol Production form Pineapple Juice in Côte D’Ivoire with Preselected Yeast Strains,” Journal of Fermentation Technology, vol. 65, no. 4, pp. 475-481, 1987. [CrossRef] [Publisher link] [Google Scholar]

[4] Biopact, Growcom Trials Commercial Biogas Production From Banana Waste - High Potential Yields, 2008. [Online]. Available: https://global.mongabay.com/news/bioenergy/2008/01/growcom-trials-commerical-biogas.html

[5] AK Chandel et al., “Economics and Environmental Impacts of Bioethanol Production Technologies: An Appraisal,” Biotechnology and Molecular Biology Review, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 14-32, 2007. [Publisher link] [Google Scholar]

[6] Benjamas Cheirsilp, and K. Umsakul, “Processing of Banana-Based Wine Product using Pectinase and α-Amylase,” Journal of Food Process Engineering, vol. 31, no. 1, pp. 78-90. 2008 [CrossRef] [Publisher link] [Google Scholar]

[7] Nilay Demir et al., “The Use of Commercial Pectinase in Fruit Juice Industry. Part 3: Immobilized Pectinase for Mash Treatment,” Journal of Food Engineering, vol. 47, no. 4, pp. 275-280, 2001. [CrossRef] [Publisher link] [Google Scholar]

[8] Ayhan Demirbas, “Biofuels sources, Biofuel policy, Biofuel economy and Global biofuel Projections,” Energy Conversion and Management, vol. 49, no. 8, pp. 2106-2116, 2008. [CrossRef] [Publisher link] [Google Scholar]

[9] Ayse Hilal Demirbas, and Imren Demirbas, “Importance of Rural Bioenergy for Developing Countries,” Energy Coversion and Management, vol. 48, no. 8, pp. 2386-2398.[CrossRef] [Publisher link] [Google Scholar]

[10] FAO, The role of agricultural biotechnologies for production of bioenergy in developing countries. Electronic forum on biotechnology in food and agriculture: Conference 15 from 10 Nov. to 14 December, 2008

[11] ABM Sharif Hossain, and Musamm M Uddin, “Fruit Bio-Waste Derived Bio-Ethanol Production and Bioelectricity Generation as Renewable Energy,” American Journal of Environmental Sciences, vol. 17, no. 3, pp. 82-91, 2021. [CrossRef] [Publisher link]

[12] A.B.M. Sharif Hossain, Wan Mohtar W. Yusoff, and Vajid N. Veettil, “Bioethanol Production from Fruit Biomass as Bioantiseptic and Bio-antifermenter: Its Chemical and Biochemical Properties,” Journal of Applied Sciences, vol. 19, no. 4, pp. 311-318, 2019. [CrossRef] [Publisher link] [Google Scholar]

[13] ABM Sharif Hossain, “Utilization of Waste Sunflower Oil Biomass as Biodiesel: Its physical and chemical properties Identification and Implementation,” Advances in Bioresearch, vol. 8, no. 5, pp. 264-271, 2017. [CrossRef] [Publisher link] [Google Scholar]

[14] ABM Sharif Hossain, “Fruit Biomass Derived Bio-ethanol production: Its Physical, Chemical, Biochemical Mechanical, properties and Bio-energy Generation,” Advances in Bioresearch, vol. 8, no. 5, pp. 238-244. 2017. [CrossRef] [Publisher link] [Google Scholar]

[15] A.B.M. Sharif Hossain, “Biodiesel Production from Algae as Renewable Energy,” American Journal of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, vol. 4, no. 3, pp. 250-254, 2008. [CrossRef] [Publisher link] [Google Scholar]

[16] A.B.M. Sharif Hossain, and A. R. Fazliny, “Creation of Alternative Energy by Bio-Ethanol Production from Pineapple Waste and the Usage of Its Properties For Engine,” African Journal of Microbiology Research, vol. 4, no. 6, pp. 813-819, 2010. [Publisher link] [Google Scholar]

[17] R.M. Jingura, R. Matengaifa, “The Potential for Energy Production from Crop Residues in Zimbabwe,” Biomass and Bioenergy, vol. 32, no. 12, pp. 1287- 1292, 2008. [CrossRef] [Publisher link] [Google Scholar]

[18] WC Lee et al., “Optimizing Conditions for Enzymatic Clarification of Banana Juice using Response Surface Methodology (RSM),” Journal of Food Engineering, vol. 73, no. 1, pp. 55-63, 2006. [CrossRef] [Publisher link] [Google Scholar]

[19] Ali Youssef Ehsaineh, Ibrahim Hamdan Saqr, and Sawsan Abdaullah Haifa, “Analytical Study of the Impact of Utilizing Fertilizer Alternatives on Increasing Olives Productivity in Latakia Governorate Olive Mill Waste Water as an Example,” SSRG International Journal of Agriculture & Environmental Science, vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 1-6, 2019. [CrossRef] [Publisher link]

[20] Hassan K. Sreenath, Kadambi R. Sudarshanakrishna, and Krishnaswamy Santhanam, “Improvement of Juice Recovery from Pineapple Pulp/Residue using Cellulases and Pectinases,” Journal of Fermentation and Bioengineering, vol. 78, no. 6, pp. 486-488, 1994. [CrossRef] [Publisher link] [Google Scholar]

[21] Jing Yan Tock et al., “Banana Biomass as Potential Renewable Energy Resource: A Malaysian Case Study,” Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, [CrossRef] [Publisher link] [Google Scholar]

[22] F. Will, Katri Bauckhage, and Helmut Dietrich, “Apple Pomace Liquefaction with Pectinases and Cellulases: Analytical Data of the Corresponding Juices,” European Food Research and Technology, vol. 211, pp. 291-297, 2000. [CrossRef] [Publisher link] [Google Scholar]

[23] Sujit Kumar Mohanty et al., “Bioethanol Production from Mahula (Madhuca Latifolia L.) Flowers by Solid-state Fermentation,” Applied Energy, vol. 86, no. 5, pp. 640-644, 2009. [CrossRef] [Publisher link] [Google Scholar]

[24] Rodrigo C. Costa, and José R. Sodré, “Hydrous ethanol vs. Gasoline –ethanol blend: Engine Performance and Emissions,” Fuel, vol. 89, no. 2, pp. 287-293, 2010. [CrossRef] [Publisher link] [Google Scholar]

[25] Ljiljana Mojovic et al, “Progress in the Production of Bioethanol on Starch-based Feedstocks,” Chemical Industry and Chemical Engineering Quarterly, vol. 15, no. 4, pp. 211−226, 2009. [CrossRef] [Publisher link] [Google Scholar]

[26] Health E, Alcohol as disinfectants. http://www. nzhealthe.co.nz/knowledge/alcohol-as-disinfectants 8. Haider, A., 2012. Why is 70% ethanol used for wiping microbiological working areas. https://www.researchgate.net/post/Why_is_70_ethanol_used_for_wiping_microbiol ogical_working_areas.

[27] Dohicg, Glossary, Division of Oral Health-Infection Control Glossary, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

2016. [Online]. Available https://www.cdc.gov/oralhealth/infectioncontrol/glossary.htm

[28] Shelie A. Miller, Amy E. Landis, and Thomas L. Theis, “Environmental Trade-offs of Biobased Production,” Environmental Science & Technology, vol. 41, no. 15, pp. 5176-5182, 2007. [CrossRef] [Publisher link] [Google Scholar

Genetically Modified Plant (GMO) Using Hormone and T-DNA Technology: Regulated Gene Expression

	International Journal of Biotech Trends and Technology (IJBTT)
	© 2018 by IJBTT Journal
	Volume - 8 Issue - 2
	Year of Publication : 2018
	Authors : ABM Sharif Hossain
	DOI :  10.14445/22490183/IJBTT-V8I2P602

Citation

ABM Sharif Hossain "Genetically Modified Plant (GMO) Using Hormone and T-DNA Technology: Regulated Gene Expression", International Journal of Biotech Trends and Technology (IJBTT), V8(2): 7-12 April - June 2018, Published by Seventh Sense Research Group.

Abstract

Genetically modified (GM) technology retains a superlative role to produce GM organism (GMO) and GMO derived food. The review study was carried out employing different innovative research data to attain the latest modern technology in the GMO production like plant, fruit and vegetables and its related gene expression. GMO production using hormones (GA3, IAA, NAA, ABA) and T-DNA/gene transformation in ornamental plant, fruit and vegetables has been described well. GMO using hormonal injection technology, bacteria like Bacillus thuringiensis, tissue culture with Agrobacterium mediated media, cross breeding, inter-stock breeding, swabbing in xylem and phloem technology has been exhibited as innovative from different research data in pumpkin, ladies finger, peach plant, rose, carrot, star fruit, tobacco, tomatoes and S. chacoense plant has been highlighted from different innovative research data and regulated gene expression was documented well. Finally it can be summarized that GMO ornamental plant, flower, fruit and vegetable can be produced by using in vitro tissue culture of leave, shoot and root or in vivo having different concentration of GA3, IAA, NAA, ABA and Agrobacterium tumefaciens (Ti plasmid, genomic DNA/T-DNA) media as well as by injecting in the stem, xylem and phloem, flower, ovary tissue applying swabbing, dipping, dripping and micro spraying methods.

References

1. I. Chen, D. Dubnau. DNA uptake during bacterial transformation. Nat. Rev. Microbiol. 2 (3): 241–9. 2004. doi:10.1038/nrmicro844.PMID 15083159.
2. HGMF. History of Genetically Modified Foods. umich.edu. Archived from the original on 21 October, 2015.
3. A.B.M.S. Hossain. Plant Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering. LAP Lambart Academic publishing Co. Paperback, Germany. ISBN No. 978365922876-6. Pp433. 2014.
4. C. Chronicle, Biologists invent gun for shooting cells with DNA, Archived 29 October 2013 at the Wayback Machine. p3.1987.
5. A. Büttner-Mainik, et al. Production of biologically active recombinant human factor H in Physcomitrella. Plant Biotechnology Journal. 9: 373–383. 2011. doi:10.1111/j.1467-7652.2010.00552.
6. A.B.M.S. Hossain. Development of Seedless Star Fruit and its Antioxidant, Biochemical Content and Nutritional Quality by Gibberellic Acid Hormone as Genetically Modified Component. Int. J. Plant Breed. Genet., 10 (1): 23-30. 2015a.
7. A.B.M.S. Hossain. Seedless Pumpkin Vegetable Production Using Gibberellic Acid (GA3) As Plant Hormone and Genetically Modified Technique. Global j. Biology, Agri. and Health Sciences 4(3): 6-8. 2015b.
8. A.B.M.S. Hossain. Plant Physiology and Biotechnology:Recent innovation LAP Lambart Academic publishing Co. Paperback, Germany. ISBN No. 97836930673-0. Pp603.
9. A.B.M.S. Hossain, F. Mizutani, J. M. Onguso and Ali R. El-Shereif. Effect of interstock and spiral bark ringing on the growth and yield of peach trees. Bulgarian Journal of Agriculture. 11.3.316-320.2005.
10. J.R Gasdaska et al. Advantages of Therapeutic Protein Production in the Aquatic Plant Lemna". BioProcessing Journal Mar/Apr 2003 pp 49–56.2003.
11. PO. 2013. "Engineering algae to make complex anti-cancer `designer` drug" PhysOrg, Retrieved 15 April, 2013.
12. A. Baur, R. Reski, G. Gorr. "Enhanced recovery of a secreted recombinant human growth factor using stabilizing additives and by co-expression of human serum albumin in the moss Physcomitrella patens". Plant Biotech. J. 3 (3): 331–340. 2005.
13. W. Gali, K. Yeshayahou. FDA approves Protalix Gaucher treatment Archived 29 May 2013 at the Wayback Machine. 2012.
14. Nosowitz, Dan. Suntory Creates Mythical Blue (Or, Um, Lavender-ish) Rose. Popular Science, Retrieved 30 August, 2012.
15. Kyodo S. Suntory to sell blue roses overseas. The Japan Times, Retrieved 30 August, 2012.
16. D. Jack Production of transgenic tomato. https://www.google.com.sa/, Fwww.ied.edu.hk%2Fbiotech%2Feng. https://www.ars.usda.gov/oc/images/photos/k5915-1. 2006.
17. C.J. Steven, B. F. Andrew. Floral dip: a simplified method for Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of Arabidopsis thaliana". The Plant Journal. 16 (6): 735–743. 1998. doi:10.1046/j.1365-313x.1998.00343.x. ISSN 1365-313X. PMID 10069079.
18. U. Yoshihito, Y. Akira, S. Junta. Phylogenetic position of the marine subdivision of Agrobacterium species based on 16S rRNA sequence analysis. The Journal of General and Applied Microbiology. 43 (4): 243–247. 1997. doi:10.2323/jgam.43.243. PMID 12501326.
19. U. Yoshihito, H. Akio, Y. Akira, S. Junta. "Reclassification of marine Agrobacterium species: Proposals of Stappia stellulata gen. nov., comb. Nov., Stappia aggregata sp. The Journal of General and Applied Microbiology. 44 (3): 201–210. 1998. doi:10.2323/jgam.44.201. PMID 12501429.
20. S. Lev-Yadun, R. Sederoff. Grafting for transgene containment. Nature Biotechnology 19: 1104. 2001.
21. S. Tiwari, R. R. Youngman. Transgenic Bt Corn Hybrids and Pest Management in the USA. pp15-36. 2011.
22. L.W. Kannenberg. Trangenic plant: An tintroduction and Resource guide.2004.. Department of Soil and Crop Sciences at Colorado State University, 2004. http://www.ontariocorn.org/ ocpmag/dec99feat.html.
23. Y. Marco. Biological control of bacterial wilt in Arabidopsis thaliana involves abscissic acid signaling. New Phytologist 194: 1035–1045. 2012. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2012.04113.x
24. I.E. Henson. Effects of atmospheric humidity on abscisic acid accumulation and water status in leaves of rice (Oryza sativa L.). Ann. Bot.54, 569-582. 1984.
25. K Skriver, J. Mundy. Gene expression in response to abscisic acid and osmotic stress.Plant Cell. 1990 June; 2(6): 503–512. 1990. PMCID: PMC159906.
26. L. Dure, S.C. Greenway, G.A. Galau. Developmental biochemistry of cottonseed embryogenesis and germination. XIV. Changing mRNA populations as shown by in vitro and in vivo protein synthesis. Biochemistry 20, 41 62-41 68.1981.
27. J. Baker, C. Steele, and L. Dure. Sequence and characterization of 6 Lea proteins and their genes from cotton. Plant MOI. Biol. 11, 277-291. 1988.
28. C. Zalejski, S. Paradis, R. Maldiney, Y. Habricot, E. Miginiac, J. Rona, E. Jeannette. Induction of Abscisic Acid-Regulated Gene Expression by Diacylglycerol Pyrophosphate Involves Ca2+ and Anion Currents in Arabidopsis Suspension Cells. Plant Physiol. 141(4): 1555–1562. 2006. doi: 10.1104/pp.106.080218
29. C, Zalejski, Z. Zhang A-L, Quettier, R. Maldiney, M. Bonnet, M. Brault, C. Demandre, E. Miginiac, J-P, Rona, B, Sotta. Diacylglycerol pyrophosphate is a second messenger of abscisic acid signaling in Arabidopsis thaliana suspension cells. Plant J 42: 145–152. 2005. [PubMed]
30. J.A. Ozga , J. Yu , D.M. Reinecke . Pollination-, development-, and auxin-specific regulation of gibberellin 3beta-hydroxylase gene expression in pea fruit and seeds. Plant Physiol. 131(3):1137-46. 2003.
31. A.D. Breitel ,L. Chappell-Maor , S. Meir, I. Panizel, C. P. Puig, Y. Hao, T. Yifhar, H. Yasuor, M. M. Bouzayen, A. G. Richart, I. Rogachev, A. Aharoni. AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR 2 Intersects Hormonal Signals in the Regulation of Tomato Fruit Ripening. 2016. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1005903
32. M. Ishibashi, H. Yoshikawa, Y. Uno. Expression Profiling of Strawberry Allergen Fra a during Fruit Ripening Controlled by Exogenous Auxin International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2017.
33. T. Bouquin, C. Meier, R. Foster, M. E. Nielsen, J. Mundy. Gene Expression by Gibberellin and Brassinosteroid1 Plant Physiol. Oct; 127(2): 450–458. . 2001.
34. A Kauschmann, A Jessop, C Koncz, M Szekeres, L Willmitzer, T Altmann. Genetic evidence for an essential role of brassinosteroids in plant development. Plant J. 9:701–713. 1996.
35. N. Leonhardt, J Kwak, N. Robert, D. Waner, G Leonhardt, J Schroeder. Microarray expression analyses of Arabidopsis guard cells and isolation of a recessive abscisic acid hypersensitive protein phosphatase 2C mutant. Plant Cell 16: 596–615. 2004. [PMC free article] [PubMed].

Keywords
GMO, T-DNA, plant hormone, Agrobacterium, gene expression

Prevalence of Antiphospholipids Antibodies in Pregnant Women seen in Prenatal Consultation in a Public Maternity of Niamey, Niger

	International Journal of Biotech Trends and Technology (IJBTT)
	© 2015 by IJBTT Journal
	Volume-12
	Year of Publication : 2015
	Authors : Boutchi M, Aridouane DD, Garba M, Akpona SA

Citation

Boutchi M, Aridouane DD, Garba M, Akpona SA "Prevalence of Antiphospholipids Antibodies in Pregnant Women seen in Prenatal Consultation in a Public Maternity of Niamey, Niger", International Journal of Biotech Trends and Technology (IJBTT),V12:7-10 September-October 2015. Published by Seventh Sense Research Group.