Gene editing: A potential tool to enhance field crop production

 
 
International Journal of Biotech Trends and Technology (IJBTT)
 
© 2020 by IJBTT Journal
Volume - 10 Issue - 1                          
Year of Publication : 2020
Authors : Mahnoor Imran, Maria Butt, Abdul Hannan, Asma Manzoor, Uzma Qaisar
DOI :  10.14445/22490183/IJBTT-V10I1P612

Citation

MLA Style:Mahnoor Imran, Maria Butt, Abdul Hannan, Asma Manzoor, Uzma Qaisar"Gene editing: A potential tool to enhance field crop production" International Journal of Biotech Trends and Technology 10.1 (2020): 72-82.

APA Style:Mahnoor Imran, Maria Butt, Abdul Hannan, Asma Manzoor, Uzma Qaisar. Gene editing: A potential tool to enhance field crop production  International Journal of Biotech Trends and Technology, 10(1), 72-82.

Abstract

Genome editing of crops has been observed to be rapidly advancing technology to introduce targeted mutations in plant genomes. The advances in clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) and CRISPR associated (Cas) protein systems have enabled targeted genome editing for crop improvement as compared to the previous methods including zinc finger nucleases (ZFNs), transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs) that were time consuming and expensive. This technology works by repairing the double stranded breaks (DSB) by nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ) and homology directed repair (HDR) and targets the gene of interest more precisely. In this review, we highlight the basic mechanism of CRISPR Cas9 system including the adaptation of CRISPR Cas9 system and its variants in plant editing. A RNA guided endonuclease, Cas9 has been used for generating stable knock out and knock in mutants in several plant species. We further review the delivery systems and the applications of CRISPR in trait improvement of crops. We outline the future perspectives of CRISPR Cas9 genome editing for regulating the gene expression and increasing the editing efficiency in medicine and agriculture. Application of CRISPR Cas9 for non-GMO crop editing with desirable trait can lead to increased yield of crops under environmental stress conditions.

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Keywords
CRISPR Cas, GMOs, TALEN, sgRNA